Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, as amended to 2002
Citizenship and Nationality
  • English
    (1) Citizens shall consist of indigenous Indonesian peoples and persons of foreign origin who have been legalised as citizens in accordance with law.
    (2) Residents shall consist of Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals living in Indonesia.
    (3) Matters concerning citizens and residents shall be regulated by law. (Art. 26)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Yang menjadi warga negara ialah orang-orang bangsa Indonesia asli dan orang-orang bangsa lain yang disahkan dengan undang-undang sebagai warga negara.
    (2) Penduduk ialah warga negara Indonesia dan orang asing yang bertempat tinggal di Indonesia.
    (3) Hal-hal mengenai warga negara dan penduduk diatur dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
  • English

    (4) Every person shall have the right to citizenship status. (Art. 28D)
  • Indonesian

    (4) Setiap orang berhak atas status kewarganegaraan. (Pasal 28D)
Jurisdiction and Access
  • English
    (1) The Constitutional Court shall possess the authority to try a case at the first and final level and shall have the final power of decision in reviewing laws against the Constitution, determining disputes over the authorities of state institutions whose powers are given by this Constitution, deciding over the dissolution of a political party, and deciding disputes over the results of general elections.
    (2) The Constitutional Court shall possess the authority to issue a decision over an opinion of the DPR concerning alleged violations by the President and/or Vice-President of this Constitution.
    … (Art. 24C)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Mahkamah Konstitusi berwenang mengadili pada tingkat pertama dan terakhir yang putusannya bersifat final untuk menguji undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar, memutus sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara yang kewenangannya diberikan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar, memutus pembubaran partai politik, dan memutus perselisihan tentang hasil pemilihan umum.
    (2) Mahkamah Konstitusi wajib memberikan putusan atas pendapat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat mengenai dugaan pelanggaran oleh Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden menurut Undang-Undang Dasar.
    … (Pasal 24C)
Education
  • English

    (1) Every person shall have the right to develop him/herself through the fulfillment of his/her basic needs, the right to get education and to benefit from science and technology, arts and culture, for the purpose of improving the quality of his/her life and for the welfare of the human race.
    … (Art. 28C)

  • Indonesian

    (1) Setiap orang berhak mengembangkan diri melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan dasarnya, berhak mendapat pendidikan dan memperoleh manfaat dari ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, seni dan budaya, demi meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya dan demi kesejahteraan umat manusia.
    … (Pasal 28C)

Education
  • English

    (1) Every person shall be free … to choose one's education,
    … (Art. 28E)

  • Indonesian

    (1) Setiap orang bebas … memilih pendidikan dan pengajaran,
    … (Pasal 28E)

Education
  • English

    (1) Every citizen has the right to receive education.
    (2) Every citizen has the obligation to undertake basic education, and the government has the obligation to fund this.
    (3) The government shall manage and organise one system of national education, which shall increase the level of spiritual belief, devoutness and moral character in the context of developing the life of the nation and shall be regulated by law.
    (4) The state shall prioritise the budget for education to a minimum of 20% of the State Budget and of the Regional Budgets to fulfil the needs of implementation of national education.
    … (Art. 31)

  • Indonesian

    (1) Setiap warga negara berhak mendapat pendidikan.
    (2) Setiap warga negara wajib mengikuti pendidikan dasar dan pemerintah wajib membiayainya.
    (3) Pemerintah mengusahakan dan menyelenggarakan satu sistem pendidikan nasional, yang meningkatkan keimanan dan ketakwaan serta akhlak mulia dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, yang diatur dengan undang-undang.
    (4) Negara memprioritaskan anggaran pendidikan sekurang-kurangnya dua puluh persen dari anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara serta dari anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasional.
    … (Pasal 31)

Employment Rights and Protection
  • English

    (2) Every citizen shall have the right to work and to earn a humane livelihood.
    … (Art. 27)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak atas pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan.
    … (Pasal 27)
Employment Rights and Protection
  • English

    (2) Every person shall have the right to work and to receive fair and proper remuneration and treatment in employment.
    … (Art. 28D)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Setiap orang berhak untuk bekerja serta mendapat imbalan dan perlakuan yang adil dan layak dalam hubungan kerja.
    … (Pasal 28D)
Employment Rights and Protection
  • English

    (1) Every person shall be free … to choose one's employment,
    … (Art. 28E)

  • Indonesian

    (1) Setiap orang bebas … memilih pekerjaan,
    … (Pasal 28E)

Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • English
    (1) All citizens shall be equal before the law and the government and shall be required to respect the law and the government, with no exceptions.
    … (Art. 27)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Segala warga negara bersamaan kedudukannya di dalam hukum dan pemerintahan dan wajib menjunjung hukum dan pemerintahan itu dengan tidak ada kecualinya.
    … (Pasal 27)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the right of recognition, guarantees, protection and certainty before a just law, and of equal treatment before the law.
    … (Art. 28D)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum.
    … (Pasal 28D)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • English

    (2) Every person shall have the right to receive facilitation and special treatment to have the same opportunity and benefit in order to achieve equality and fairness.
    … (Art. 28H)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Setiap orang berhak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus untuk memperoleh kesempatan dan manfaat yang sama guna mencapai persamaan dan keadilan.
    … (Pasal 28H)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • English

    (2) Every person shall have the right to be free from discriminative treatment based upon any grounds whatsoever and shall have the right to protection from such discriminative treatment.
    … (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Setiap orang berhak bebas dari perlakuan yang bersifat diskriminatif atas dasar apa pun dan berhak mendapatkan perlindungan terhadap perlakuan yang bersifat diskriminatifitu.
    … (Pasal 28I)
Obligations of the State
  • English
    ...
    (4) The protection, advancement, upholding and fulfilment of human rights are the responsibility of the state, especially the government.
    (5) For the purpose of upholding and protecting human rights in accordance with the principle of a democratic and law-based state, the implementation of human rights shall be guaranteed, regulated and set forth in laws and regulations. (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian
    ...
    (4) Perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia adalah tanggung jawab negara, terutama pemerintah.
    (5) Untuk menegakkan dan melindungi hak asasi manusia sesuai dengan prinsip negara hokum yang demokratis, maka pelaksanaan hak asasi manusia dijamin, diatur, dan dituangkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. (Pasal 28I)
Obligations of Private Parties
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the duty to respect the human rights of others in the orderly life of the community, nation and state.
    (2) In exercising his/her rights and freedoms, every person shall have the duty to accept the restrictions established by law for the sole purposes of guaranteeing the recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others and of satisfying just demands based upon considerations of morality, religious values, security and public order in a democratic society. (Art. 28J)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang wajib menghormati hak asasi manusia orang lain dalam tertib kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara.
    (2) Dalam menjalankan hak dan kebebasannya, setiap orang wajib tunduk kepada pembatasan yang ditetapkan dengan undang-undang dengan maksud semata-mata untuk menjamin pengakuan serta penghormatan atas hak dan kebebasan orang lain dan untuk memenuhi tuntutan yang adil sesuai dengan pertimbangan moral, nilai-nilai agama, keamanan, dan ketertiban umum dalam suatu masyarakat demokratis. (Pasal 28J)
Indigenous Peoples
  • English
    ...
    (2) The State recognises and respects traditional communities along with their traditional customary rights as long as these remain in existence and are in accordance with the societal development and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and shall be regulated by law. (Art. 18B)
  • Indonesian
    ...
    (2) Negara mengakui dan menghormati kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat beserta hak-hak tradisionalnya sepanjang masih hidup dan sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yang diatur dalam undang-undang. (Pasal 18B)
Indigenous Peoples
  • English

    (3) The cultural identities and rights of traditional communities shall be respected in accordance with the development of times and civilisations.
    … (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian

    (3) Identitas budaya dan hak masyarakat tradisional dihormati selaras denganperkembangan zaman dan peradaban.
    … (Pasal 28I)
Limitations and/or Derogations
  • English
    (1) The rights to life, freedom from torture, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion, freedom from enslavement, recognition as a person before the law, and the right not to be tried under a law with retrospective effect are all human rights that cannot be limited under any circumstances.
    … (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Hak untuk hidup, hak untuk tidak disiksa, hak kemerdekaan pikiran dan hati nurani, hak beragama, hak untuk tidak diperbudak, hak untuk diakui sebagai pribadi di hadapan hukum, dan hak untuk tidak dituntut atas dasar hukum yang berlaku surut adalah hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apa pun.
    … (Pasal 28I)
Limitations and/or Derogations
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the duty to respect the human rights of others in the orderly life of the community, nation and state.
    (2) In exercising his/her rights and freedoms, every person shall have the duty to accept the restrictions established by law for the sole purposes of guaranteeing the recognition and respect of the rights and freedoms of others and of satisfying just demands based upon considerations of morality, religious values, security and public order in a democratic society. (Art. 28J)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang wajib menghormati hak asasi manusia orang lain dalam tertib kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara.
    (2) Dalam menjalankan hak dan kebebasannya, setiap orang wajib tunduk kepada pembatasan yang ditetapkan dengan undang-undang dengan maksud semata-mata untuk menjamin pengakuan serta penghormatan atas hak dan kebebasan orang lain dan untuk memenuhi tuntutan yang adil sesuai dengan pertimbangan moral, nilai-nilai agama, keamanan, dan ketertiban umum dalam suatu masyarakat demokratis. (Pasal 28J)
Marriage and Family Life
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the right to establish a family and to procreate based upon lawful marriage.
    … (Art. 28B)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang berhak membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan melalui perkawinan yang sah.
    … (Pasal 28B)
Marriage and Family Life
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honour, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right.
    … (Art. 28G)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi.
    … (Pasal 28G)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
  • English

    (3) Every citizen shall have the right to obtain equal opportunities in government.
    … (Art. 28D)
  • Indonesian

    (3) Setiap warga negara berhak memperoleh kesempatan yang sama dalam pemerintahan.
    … (Pasal 28D)
Political Rights and Association
  • English
    (1) General elections shall be conducted in a direct, general, free, secret, honest, and fair manner once every five years.
    (2) General elections shall be conducted to elect the members of the DPR, DPD, the President and Vice-President, and the Regional People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah or DPRD).
    (3) The participants in the general election for the election of the members of the DPR and the members of the DPRDs are political parties.
    (4) The participants in the general election for the election of the members of the DPD are individuals.

    (6) Further provisions regarding general elections shall be regulated by law. (Art. 22E)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali.
    (2) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.
    (3) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah adalah partai politik.
    (4) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah adalah perseorangan.

    (6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut tentang pemilihan umum diatur dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 22E)
Political Rights and Association
  • English
    The freedom to associate and to assemble, to express written and oral opinions, etc., shall be regulated by law. (Art. 28)
  • Indonesian
    Kemerdekaan berserikat dan berkumpul, mengeluarkan pikiran dengan lisan dan tulisan dan sebagainya ditetapkan dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 28)
Political Rights and Association
  • English

    (3) Every citizen shall have the right to obtain equal opportunities in government.
    … (Art. 28D)
  • Indonesian

    (3) Setiap warga negara berhak memperoleh kesempatan yang sama dalam pemerintahan.
    … (Pasal 28D)
Political Rights and Association
  • English

    (3) Every person shall have the right to the freedom to associate, to assemble and to express opinions. (Art. 28E)
  • Indonesian

    (3) Setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan berserikat, berkumpul, dan mengeluarkan pendapat. (Pasal 28E)
Electoral Bodies
  • English

    (5) The general elections shall be organised by a general election commission of a national, permanent, and independent character.
    … (Art. 22E)
  • Indonesian

    (5) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan oleh suatu komisi pemilihan umum yang bersifat nasional, tetap, dan mandiri.
    … (Pasal 22E)
Head of State
  • English
    (1) The President of the Republic of Indonesia shall hold the power of government in accordance with the Constitution.
    … (Art. 4)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Presiden Republik Indonesia memegang kekuasaan pemerintahan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar.
    … (Pasal 4)
Head of State
  • English
    (1) Any candidate for President or Vice-President shall be a citizen of Indonesia since birth, shall never have acquired another citizenship by his/her own will, shall never have committed an act of treason against the State, and shall be mentally and physically capable of implementing the duties and obligations of President or Vice-President.
    (2) The requirements to become President or Vice-President shall be further regulated by law. (Art. 6)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Calon Presiden dan calon Wakil Presiden harus seorang warga negara Indonesia sejak kelahirannya dan tidak pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain karena kehendaknya sendiri, tidak pernah mengkhianati negara, serta mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajiban sebagai Presiden dan Wakil Presiden.
    (2) Syarat-syarat untuk menjadi Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diatur lebih lanjut dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 6)
Head of State
  • English
    (1) The President and Vice-President shall be elected as a single ticket directly by the people.
    (2) Each ticket of candidates for President and Vice-President shall be proposed prior to the holding of general elections by political parties or coalitions of political parties which are participants in the general elections.
    … (Art. 6A)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dipilih dalam satu pasangan secara langsung oleh rakyat.
    (2) Pasangan calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diusulkan oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik peserta pemilihan umum sebelum pelaksanaan pemilihan umum.
    … (Pasal 6A)
Vice-President
  • English

    (2) In exercising his/her duties, the President shall be assisted by a Vice-President. (Art. 4)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Dalam melakukan kewajibannya Presiden dibantu oleh satu orang Wakil Presiden. (Pasal 4)
Vice-President
  • English
    (1) Any candidate for President or Vice-President shall be a citizen of Indonesia since birth, shall never have acquired another citizenship by his/her own will, shall never have committed an act of treason against the State, and shall be mentally and physically capable of implementing the duties and obligations of President or Vice-President.
    (2) The requirements to become President or Vice-President shall be further regulated by law. (Art. 6)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Calon Presiden dan calon Wakil Presiden harus seorang warga negara Indonesia sejak kelahirannya dan tidak pernah menerima kewarganegaraan lain karena kehendaknya sendiri, tidak pernah mengkhianati negara, serta mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk melaksanakan tugas dan kewajiban sebagai Presiden dan Wakil Presiden.
    (2) Syarat-syarat untuk menjadi Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diatur lebih lanjut dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 6)
Vice-President
  • English
    (1) The President and Vice-President shall be elected as a single ticket directly by the people.
    (2) Each ticket of candidates for President and Vice-President shall be proposed prior to the holding of general elections by political parties or coalitions of political parties which are participants in the general elections.
    … (Art. 6A)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dipilih dalam satu pasangan secara langsung oleh rakyat.
    (2) Pasangan calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden diusulkan oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik peserta pemilihan umum sebelum pelaksanaan pemilihan umum.
    … (Pasal 6A)
Government
  • English
    (1) The President shall be assisted by Ministers of State.
    (2) Ministers of State shall be appointed and dismissed by the President.
    … (Art. 17)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Presiden dibantu oleh menteri-menteri negara.
    (2) Menteri-menteri itu diangkat dan diberhentikan oleh Presiden.
    … (Pasal 17)
Legislature
  • English
    (1) Members of the DPR3 shall be elected through a general election.
    … (Art. 19)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dipilih melalui pemilihan umum.
    … (Pasal 19)
Legislature
  • English
    (1) The DPR shall hold legislative, budgeting and oversight functions.
    … (Art. 20A)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat memiliki fungsi legislasi, fungsi anggaran, dan fungsi pengawasan.
    … (Pasal 20A)
Legislature
  • English
    (1) The members of the DPD4 shall be elected from every province through a general election.
    (2) The total number of members of DPD in every province shall be the same, and the total membership of the DPD shall not exceed a third of the total membership of the DPR.
    … (Art. 22C)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dipilih dari setiap provinsi melalui pemilihan umum.
    (2) Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dari setiap provinsi jumlahnya sama dan jumlah seluruh anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah itu tidak lebih dari sepertiga jumlah anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat.
    … (Pasal 22C)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
  • English

    (1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honour, dignity, and property,
    … (Art. 28G)

  • Indonesian

    (1) Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya,
    … (Pasal 28G)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
  • English

    (4) Every person shall have the right to own personal property, and such property may not be unjustly held possession of by any party. (Art. 28H)
  • Indonesian

    (4) Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapa pun. (Pasal 28H)
Protection from Violence
  • English

    (2) Every child shall have the right to live, to grow and to develop, and shall have the right to protection from violence and discrimination. (Art. 28B)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. (Pasal 28B)
Protection from Violence
  • English

    (2) Every person shall have the right to be free from torture or inhumane and degrading treatment, and shall have the right to obtain political asylum from another country. (Art. 28G)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Setiap orang berhak untuk bebas dari penyiksaan atau perlakuan yang merendahkan derajat martabat manusia dan berhak memperoleh suaka politik dari negara lain. (Pasal 28G)
Protection from Violence
  • English
    (1) The rights to life, freedom from torture, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion, freedom from enslavement, recognition as a person before the law, and the right not to be tried under a law with retrospective effect are all human rights that cannot be limited under any circumstances.
    … (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Hak untuk hidup, hak untuk tidak disiksa, hak kemerdekaan pikiran dan hati nurani, hak beragama, hak untuk tidak diperbudak, hak untuk diakui sebagai pribadi di hadapan hukum, dan hak untuk tidak dituntut atas dasar hukum yang berlaku surut adalah hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apa pun.
    … (Pasal 28I)
Public Institutions and Services
  • English
    (1) Every person shall have the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity, to have a home and to enjoy a good and healthy environment, and shall have the right to obtain medical care.
    (2) Every person shall have the right to receive facilitation and special treatment to have the same opportunity and benefit in order to achieve equality and fairness.
    (3) Every person shall have the right to social security in order to develop oneself fully as a dignified human being.
    ... (Art. 28H)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan.
    (2) Setiap orang berhak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus untuk memperoleh kesempatan dan manfaat yang sama guna mencapai persamaan dan keadilan.
    (3) Setiap orang berhak atas jaminan sosial yang memungkinkan pengembangan dirinya secara utuh sebagai manusia yang bermartabat.
    ... (Pasal 28H)
Public Institutions and Services
  • English

    (2) The State shall develop a system of social security for all of the people and shall empower the inadequate and underprivileged in society in accordance with human dignity.
    (3) The State shall have the obligation to provide sufficient medical and public service facilities.
    … (Art. 34)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Negara mengembangkan sistem jaminan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat dan memberdayakan masyarakat yang lemah dan tidak mampu sesuai dengan martabat kemanusiaan.
    (3) Negara bertanggung jawab atas penyediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan fasilitas pelayanan umum yang layak.
    … (Pasal 34)
Status of the Constitution
  • English
    All existing laws and regulations shall remain in effect as long as new laws and regulations have not yet taken effect under this Constitution. (Transitional Provisions, Art. II)
  • Indonesian
    Semua lembaga negara yang ada masih tetap berfungsi sepanjang untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar dan belum diadakan yang baru menurut Undang-Undang Dasar ini. (Aturan Peralihan, Pasal II)
Religious Law
  • English

    (2) The judicial power shall be implemented by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies underneath it in the form of public courts, religious affairs courts, military tribunals, and state administrative courts, and by a Constitutional Court.
    … (Art. 24)
  • Indonesian

    (2) Kekuasaan kehakiman dilakukan oleh sebuah Mahkamah Agung dan badan peradilan yang berada di bawahnya dalam lingkungan peradilan umum, lingkungan peradilan agama, lingkungan peradilan militer, lingkungan peradilan tata usaha negara, dan oleh sebuah Mahkamah Konstitusi.
    … (Pasal 24)
Religious Law
  • English
    (1) The State shall be based upon the belief in the One and Only God.
    … (Art. 29)
  • Indonesian
    (1) Negara berdasar atas Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa.
    … (Pasal 29)
Customary Law
  • English
    ...
    (2) The State recognises and respects traditional communities along with their traditional customary rights as long as these remain in existence and are in accordance with the societal development and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and shall be regulated by law. (Art. 18B)
  • Indonesian
    ...
    (2) Negara mengakui dan menghormati kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat beserta hakhak tradisionalnya sepanjang masih hidup dan sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yang diatur dalam undang-undang. (Pasal 18B)
Customary Law
  • English

    (3) The cultural identities and rights of traditional communities shall be respected in accordance with the development of times and civilisations.
    … (Art. 28I)
  • Indonesian

    (3) Identitas budaya dan hak masyarakat tradisional dihormati selaras denganperkembangan zaman dan peradaban.
    … (Pasal 28I)
1

Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, as amended to 2002 (English). According to Art. 36: “The national language shall be Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia).”

2

Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, as amended to 2002 (Indonesian), available in HeinOnline World Constitutions Illustrated Library (2024).

Links to all sites last visited 12 February 2024
3
DPR stands for "Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat", the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia.
4
DPD stands for "Dewan Perwakilan Daerah", the House of Regions/the Senate of the Republic of Indonesia.