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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 211 RESULTS
Minorities
China
- EnglishAll nationalities in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the minority nationalities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all of China's nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any acts that undermine the unity of the nationalities or instigate their secession are prohibited.
The state helps the areas inhabited by minority nationalities speed up their economic and cultural development in accordance with the peculiarities and needs of the different minority nationalities.
Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities live in compact communities; in these areas organs of self-government are established for the exercise of the right of autonomy. All the national autonomous areas are inalienable parts of the People's Republic of China.
The people of all nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and to preserve or reform their own ways and customs. (Art. 4) - Chinese中华人民共和国各民族一律平等。国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益,维护和发展各民族的平等团结互助和谐关系。禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫,禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。
国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要,帮助各少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。
各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治,设立自治机关,行使自治权。各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由,都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。 (第四条)
Minorities
Estonia
- EnglishNational minorities have the right, in the interests of their culture, to establish self-governing agencies under such conditions and pursuant to such procedure as are provided in the National Minorities Cultural Autonomy Act. (Sec. 50)
- EstonianVähemusrahvustel on õigus luua rahvuskultuuri huvides omavalitsusasutusi vähemusrahvuste kultuurautonoomia seaduses sätestatud tingimustel ja korras. (§ 50)
Minorities
Montenegro
- EnglishPersons belonging to minority nations and other minority national communities shall be guaranteed the rights and liberties, which they can exercise individually or collectively with others, as follows:
1) the right to exercise, protect, develop and publicly express national, ethnic, cultural and religious particularities;
2) the right to choose, use and publicly post national symbols and to celebrate national holidays;
3) the right to use their own language and alphabet in private, public and official use;
4) the right to education in their own language and alphabet in public institutions and the right to have included in the curricula the history and culture of the persons belonging to minority nations and other minority national communities;
5) the right, in the areas with significant share in the total population, to have the local selfgovernment authorities, state and court authorities carry out the proceedings in the language of minority nations and other minority national communities;
6) the right to establish educational, cultural and religious associations, with the material support of the state;
7) the right to write and use their own name and surname also in their own language and alphabet in the official documents;
8) the right, in the areas with significant share in total population, to have traditional local terms, names of streets and settlements, as well as topographic signs written in the language of minority nations and other minority national communities;
9) the right to authentic representation in the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro and in the assemblies of the local self-government units in which they represent a significant share in the population, according to the principle of affirmative action;
10) the right to proportionate representation in public services, state authorities and local self-government bodies;
11) the right to information in their own language;
12) the right to establish and maintain contacts with the citizens and associations outside of Montenegro, with whom they have common national and ethnic background, cultural and historic heritage, as well as religious beliefs;
13) the right to establish councils for the protection and improvement of special rights. (Art. 79) - MontenegrinPripadnicima manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica jemče se prava i slobode koja mogu koristiti pojedinačno i u zajednici sa drugima:
1) na izražavanje, čuvanje, razvijanje i javno ispoljavanje nacionalne, etničke, kulturne i vjerske posebnosti;
2) na izbor, upotrebu i javno isticanje nacionalnih simbola i obilježavanje nacionalnih praznika;
3) na upotrebu svog jezika i pisma u privatnoj, javnoj i službenoj upotrebi;
4) na školovanje na svom jeziku i pismu u državnim ustanovama i da nastavni programi obuhvataju i istoriju i kulturu pripadnika manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
5) da u sredinama sa značajnim učešćem u stanovništvu organi lokalne samouprave, državni i sudski organi vode postupak i na jeziku manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
6) da osnivaju prosvjetna, kulturna i vjerska udruženja uz materijalnu pomoć države;
7) da sopstveno ime i prezime upisuju i koriste na svom jeziku i pismu u službenim ispravama;
8) da u sredinama sa značajnim učešćem u stanovništvu tradicionalni lokalni nazivi, imena ulica i naselja, kao i topografske oznake budu ispisani i na jeziku manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
9) na autentičnu zastupljenost u Skupštini Crne Gore i skupštinama jedinica lokalne samouprave u kojima čine značajan dio stanovništva, shodno principu afirmativne akcije;
10) na srazmjernu zastupljenost u javnim službama, organima državne vlasti i lokalne samouprave;
11) na informisanje na svom jeziku;
12) da uspostavljaju i održavaju kontakte sa građanima i udruženjima van Crne Gore sa kojima imaju zajedničko nacionalno i etničko porijeklo, kulturno- istorijsko nasljeđe, kao i vjerska ubjeđenja;
13) na osnivanje savjeta za zaštitu i unapređenje posebnih prava. (Član 79)
Minorities
Serbia
- EnglishThe Republic of Serbia shall protect the rights of national minorities.
The State shall guarantee special protection to national minorities for the purpose of exercising full equality and preserving their identity. (Art. 14) - Serbian CyrillicРепублика Србија штити права националних мањина.
Држава јемчи посебну заштиту националним мањинама ради остваривања потпуне равноправности и очувања њиховог идентитета. (Члан 14)
Minorities
Slovenia
- EnglishEveryone has the right to freely express affiliation with his nation or national community, to foster and give expression to his culture, and to use his language and script. (Art. 61)
- SloveneVsakdo ima pravico, da svobodno izraža pripadnost k svojemu narodu ali narodni skupnosti, da goji in izraža svojo kulturo in uporablja svoj jezik in pisavo. (61. Člen)
Minorities
Burundi
- EnglishThe President of the Republic and the Vice President belong to different ethnic groups, political parties and coalitions of political parties or [are] independents of different ethnicities. (Art. 124)
- KirundiUmukuru w’Igihugu ava mu bwoko canke mu migambwe, mu nani z’imigambwe canke mu bitoje ku giti cabo bitandukanye n’ivy’Icegera c’Umukuru w’Igihugu. (Ingingo ya 124)
- FrenchLe Président de la République, et le Vice-Président appartiennent aux groupes ethniques, aux partis politiques et indépendants différents. (Art. 124)
Minorities
Iraq
- EnglishThis Constitution shall guarantee the administrative, political, cultural, and educational rights of the various nationalities, such as Turkomen, Chaldeans, Assyrians, and all other constituents, and this shall be regulated by law. (Art. 125)
- Arabicيضمن هذا الدستور الحقوق الادارية والسياسية والثقافية والتعليمية للقوميات المختلفة كالتركمان، والكلدان والآشوريين، وسائر المكونات الاخرى، وينظم ذلك بقانون. (المادة 125)
Minorities
Ethiopia
- English…
2. Members of the House shall be elected from candidates in each electoral district by a plurality of the votes cast. Provisions shall be made by law for special representation for minority Nationalities and Peoples.
3. Members of the House, on the basis of population and special representation of minority Nationalities and Peoples, shall not exceed 550; of these, minority Nationalities and Peoples shall have at least 20 seats. Particulars shall be determined by law.
… (Art. 54) - Amharic…
2. የምክር ቤቱ አባላት በአንድ የምርጫ ክልል ውስጥ ከሌሎች ተወዳዳሪዎች መካከል አብላጫ ድምጽ ያገኘ ተወዳዳሪ አሸናፊ በሚሆንበት የምርጫ ሥርዓት ይመረጣሉ፡፡ የተለየ ውክልና ያሰፈልጋቸዋል ተብሎ የታመነባቸው አናሳ ብሔረሰቦች እና ሕዝቦች በምርጫ የሕዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት አባል ይሆናሉ፡፡ ዝርዝሩ በሕግ ይወሰናል፡፡
3. የምክር ቤቱ አባላት ቁጥር የሕዝብ ብዛትንና በልዩ ትኩረት ውክልና የሚሰጣቸው አናሳ ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦችን ቁጥር መሰረት በማድረግ 550 የማይበልጥ ሆኖ ከዚህ ውስጥ አናሳ ብሔረሰቦች 20 የማያንስ መቀመጫ ይኖራቸዋል፡፡ ዝርዝሩ በሕግ ይደነግጋል፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 54)
Minorities
Nepal
- English…
(2) A Municipal Assembly under clause (1) shall consist of the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor of the Municipal Executive, Ward Chairpersons, and four members elected from each Ward and members of the Municipal Executive elected from Dalit or minority communities pursuant to clause (4) of Article 216.
… (Art. 223) - Nepali…
(२) उपधारा (१) बमोजिमको नगर सभामा नगरकार्यपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुख, वडा अध्यक्ष र प्रत्येक वडाबाट निर्वाचित चारजना सदस्य र धारा २१६ को उपधारा (४) बमोजिम दलित वा अल्पसंख्यक समुदायबाट निर्वाचित नगर कार्यपालिकाका सदस्य रहनेछन् ।
… (धारा २२३)
Minorities
South Africa
- English(1) The following state institutions strengthen constitutional democracy in the Republic:
…
(c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities.
… (Sec. 181)