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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- EnglishThe following are attributions and duties of the President of the Republic:
1. To comply with and enforce this Constitution and the law.
… (Art. 236) - SpanishSon atribuciones y obligaciones del Presidente o Presidenta de la República:
1. Cumplir y hacer cumplir esta Constitución y la ley.
… (Art. 236)
Head of State
- EnglishThe constitutional powers of the King are hereditary through the direct, natural and legitimate descent from H.M. Leopold, George, Christian, Frederick of Saxe-Coburg, by order of primogeniture.
The descendant mentioned in the first paragraph who marries without the King’s consent or, in his absence, without the consent of those exercising the King’s powers in cases provided for by the Constitution shall be deprived of his right to the crown.
Nonetheless, this right may be restored by the King or, in his absence, by those exercising the powers of the King in cases provided for by the Constitution, but only with the assent of both Houses. (Art. 85) - DutchDe grondwettelijke macht van de Koning gaat bij erfopvolging over op de natuurlijke en wettige nakomelingschap, in de rechte lijn, van Z.M. Leopold, Joris, Christiaan, Frederik van Saksen-Coburg en volgens eerstgeboorterecht.
De in het eerste lid bedoelde nakomeling die huwt zonder toestemming van de Koning of van hen die, bij gebreke van de Koning, zijn macht uitoefenen in de bij de Grondwet bepaalde gevallen, verliest zijn recht op de kroon.
Hij kan echter in zijn recht worden hersteld door de Koning of door hen die, bij gebreke van de Koning, zijn macht uitoefenen in de bij de Grondwet bepaalde gevallen, doch alleen met instemming van beide Kamers. (Art. 85) - FrenchLes pouvoirs constitutionnels du Roi sont héréditaires dans la descendance directe, naturelle et légitime de S.M. Léopold, Georges, Chrétien, Frédéric de Saxe-Cobourg, par ordre de primogéniture.
Sera déchu de ses droits à la couronne, le descendant visé à l’alinéa 1er, qui se serait marié sans le consentement du Roi ou de ceux qui, à son défaut, exercent ses pouvoirs dans les cas prévus par la Constitution.
Toutefois il pourra être relevé de cette déchéance par le Roi ou par ceux qui, à son défaut, exercent ses pouvoirs dans les cas prévus par la Constitution, et ce moyennant l’assentiment des deux Chambres. (Art. 85) - GermanDie verfassungsmäßige Gewalt des Königs geht durch Erbfolge in gerader Linie über auf die leibliche und legitime Nachkommenschaft S.M. Leopold, Georg, Christian, Friedrich von Sachsen-Coburg, und zwar nach dem Recht der Erstgeburt.
Der in Absatz 1 erwähnte Nachkomme, der ohne Einverständnis des Königs oder derjenigen heiratet, die bei Fehlen des Königs dessen Gewalt in den von der Verfassung vorgesehenen Fällen ausüben, verwirkt seine Rechte auf die Krone.
Er kann jedoch vom König oder von denjenigen, die bei Fehlen des Königs dessen Gewalt in den von der Verfassung vorgesehenen Fällen ausüben, wieder in seine Rechte eingesetzt werden, doch nur mit der Zustimmung beider Kammern. (Art. 85)
Head of State
- English(1) The executive authority of Eswatini vests in the King as Head of State and shall be exercised in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.(2) The King shall protect and defend this Constitution and all laws made under or continued in force by this Constitution.(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the King may exercise the executive authority either directly or through the Cabinet or a Minister.… (Sec. 64)
Head of State
- EnglishThe right and title of King George Tupou I to the Crown and the Throne of this Kingdom were confirmed by the Constitution of 1875 and it was further declared in the said Constitution that the succession to the Crown and Throne should devolve upon David Uga and then upon Wellington Gu and then upon them begotten by him in marriage and if at any time there be no heirs of Wellington Gu the Crown and Throne shall descend in accordance with the following law of succession:
It shall be lawful only for those born in marriage to succeed.
The succession shall be to the eldest male child and the heirs of his body but if he should have no children to the second male child and the heirs of his body and so on until all the male line shall be ended.
Should there be no male child the eldest female child shall succeed and the heirs of her body and if she should have no children it shall descend to the second female child and the heirs of her body until the female line is ended.
And if there shall be none of this line of David Uga lawful descendants by marriage to succeed to the Crown of Tonga it shall descend to William Tungi and his lawful heirs begotten by him in marriage and to their heirs begotten by them.
And if there should be no lawful heir the King shall appoint his heir if the House of Nobles consent to it (the representatives of the people having no voice in the matter) and he shall be publicly declared heir to the Crown during the King's life.
Should there be no heir to the Crown or successor who has been so publicly proclaimed the Prime Minister or in his absence the Cabinet ministers shall convoke the nobles of the Legislative Assembly (the representatives of the people having no voice in the matter) and when they meet the House of Nobles shall choose by ballot some one of the chiefs whom they wish to succeed as King. And he shall succeed as the first of a new dynasty and he and the heirs of his body born in marriage shall possess the Crown according to law.
And in the event of there being none to succeed according to this law the Prime Minister or in his absence the Cabinet ministers shall again convoke the nobles of the Legislative Assembly in accordance with this law and they shall choose one to succeed to the Throne as the first of a new dynasty and so on according to this law for ever. (Clause 32) - Tongan‘Oku ma‘u ‘a e Kalauni mo e Nofo‘anga Faka-Tu‘i ‘o e Pule‘anga ni ‘e he ‘Ene ‘Afio ko Kingi Siaosi Tupou I pea ‘oku fakapapau ni ‘e ma‘u ‘e ia pea mo ia na‘e tupu ‘iate ia ‘a Tevita ‘Unga pea mo ia na‘e tupu ai ‘a Uelingatoni Ngu mo kinautolu ‘e tupu ‘iate ia ko ‘ene fānau mali pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai ha hako tupu mali ‘o Uelingatoni Ngu ‘e hoko ‘o hangē ko e lao ‘o e hokohoko ni:
Pea ko ‘eni ‘a e anga ‘o e hokohoko ‘e ngofua ke kau ‘i he hokohoko ni ‘a e fanau tupu mali pe.
Pea ‘e hoko ki he tamasi‘i tangata mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai hano hako ‘e hoko ki hono ua ‘o e tamasi‘i tangata mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea fai pehē kae ‘oua kuo ‘osi ‘a e fānau tangata.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha tamasi‘i tangata ‘e hoko ki he ‘uluaki tamasi‘i fefine mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai hano hako ‘e hoko ki hono ua ‘o e tamasi‘i fefine mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea fai pehē pe kae ‘oua kuo ‘osi ‘a e fānau fefine.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha taha ‘iate kinautolu ‘o Tevita ‘Unga ko e fanau mali hoko totonu ke hoko ki he Kalauni ‘o e Tu‘i ‘o Tonga ‘e hoko kia Uiliami Tungi pe ko hono ngaahi ‘ea totonu ‘a ia ‘oku tupu ‘i hono sino ko e fānau mali pea mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘oku tupu ‘iate kinautolu foki.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha ‘ea totonu ‘e fakanofo ‘e he Tu‘i ‘a hono ‘ea kapau ‘oku loto ki ai ‘a e Hou‘eiki Nopele (ka ‘oku ‘ikai kau ai ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e kakai) pea ‘e fakahāhā ko e ‘ea ia ki he Kalauni ‘i he kei lakoifie ‘a e Tu‘i.
Pea ka faifai pea ‘ikai ha ‘ea mo e hoko totonu ki he Kalauni ha taha kuo fakahāhā‘o hangē ko e tu‘utu‘uni ni ‘e fakataha leva ‘e he Palemia pea ka mama‘o ia ‘e ‘i he Kapineti (ko e kau Minisita) ‘a e Hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea (pea ‘e ‘ikai kau ai ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e kakai) pea ka fakataha ‘e fili ‘e he hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea ‘aki ‘a e paloti ha taha ‘o e Hou‘eiki ‘a ia ‘oku nau loto ki ai ke hoko ko e Tu‘i pea ‘e hoko ia ko e kamata‘anga ‘o e Ha‘a Tu‘i fo‘ou pea ‘e ma’u ‘e hono ngaahi ‘ea ‘oku tupu ‘iate ia ‘i hono sino ko e fānau mali ‘a e Kalauni ‘o hangē ko e lao ni
Pea ka faifai pea ‘ikai ha hoko ‘iate kinautolu ‘o hangē ko e lao ni ‘e toe fakataha ‘e he Palemia pea ka mama‘o ia ‘e ‘i he Kapineti mo e Hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea ‘o hangē ko e tu‘utu‘uni ni pea te nau toe fili ha taha ke hoko ki he Kalauni ko e kamata‘anga ‘o e Ha‘a Tu‘i fo‘ou pea ‘e fai pehē ai pe ‘o hangē ko e lao ni ‘o lauikuonga. (Kupu 32)
Head of State
- English1. The executive authority of Mauritius is vested in the President.
… (Sec. 58)
Head of State
- English
The President of the Republic shall be the Head of the State and shall represent national unity.
… (Art. 87) - Italian
Il Presidente della Repubblica è il capo dello Stato e rappresenta l'unità nazionale.
… (Art. 87)
Head of State
- English(1) The President shall be elected directly by the voters for a period of five years by a procedure established by law.
(2) Eligible for President shall be any natural-born Bulgarian citizen over 40 years of age and qualified to be elected to the National Assembly, who has resided in the country for the five years preceding the election.
… (Art. 93) - Bulgarian(1) Президентът се избира пряко от избирателите за срок от пет години по ред определен със закон.
(2) За президент може да бъде избиран български гражданин по рождение, навършил 40 години, който отговаря на условията за избиране на народен представител и е живял последните пеɬгодини в страната.
… (Чл. 93)
Head of State
- English
(1) The Governor-General shall be appointed, and may be removed from office at any time, by the Sovereign, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after the Prime Minister has, in confidence, consulted the members of Parliament.
(2) A person is not qualified to be appointed Governor-General unless-
(a) he has attained the age of 50 years; and
(b) he is otherwise qualified to be elected as a member of Parliament.
… (Sec. 56)
Head of State
- EnglishThe executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic. The President of the Republic is the elected [person] of the Nation and incarnates the national unity.
He is the guarantor of the national independence, of the integrity of the territory and of the respect for the Constitution, [and] for the treaties and international agreements.
... (Art. 65) - Arabicيمارس رئيس الجمهورية السلطة التنفيذية. رئيس الجمهورية هو منتخب الأمة ويجسد الوحدة الوطنية.
إنه ضامن الاستقلال الوطني والسلامة الإقليمية واحترام الدستور والمعاهدات والاتفاقيات الدولية.
... (المادة 65) - FrenchLe pouvoir exécutif est exercé par le Président de la République. Le Président de la République est l'élu de la Nation et incarne l'unité nationale.
Il est le garant de l'indépendance nationale, de l'intégrité territoriale et du respect de la Constitution, des traités et accords internationaux,
... (Art. 65)
Head of State
- English(1) The executive power of The Gambia is vested in the President and, subject to this Constitution, shall be exercised by him or her either directly or through the Vice-President, Ministers or officers responsible to him or her.
… (Art. 76)