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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Religious Law
Jordan
- EnglishSharia Courts shall in their jurisdiction apply the provisions of the Sharia. (Art. 106)
- Arabicتطبق المحاكم الشرعية في قضائها أحكام الشرع الشريف. (المادّة 106)
Religious Law
Papua New Guinea
- EnglishWE THE PEOPLE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA-
…
- pledge ourselves to guard and pass on to those who come after us our noble traditions and the Christian principles that are ours now.
… (Preamble)
Religious Law
Malaysia
- English…
4. Civil and criminal law and procedure and the administration of justice, including
(a) constitution and organization of all courts other than Syariah Courts;
(b) jurisdiction and powers of all such courts;
(c) remuneration and other privileges of the judges and officers presiding over such courts;
(d) persons entitled to practise before such courts;
(e) subject to paragraph (ii), the following:
(i) contract; partnership, agency and other special contracts; master and servant; inns and inn-keepers; actionable wrongs; property and its transfer and hypothecation, except land; bona vacantia; equity and trusts; marriage, divorce and legitimacy; married women’s property and status; interpretation of federal law; negotiable instruments; statutory declarations; arbitration; mercantile law; registration of businesses and business names; age of majority; infants and minors; adoption; succession, testate and intestate; probate and letters of administration; bankruptcy and insolvency; oaths and affirmations; limitation; reciprocal enforcement of judgments and orders; the law of evidence;
(ii) the matters mentioned in paragraph (i) do not include Islamic personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate and intestate;
…
(k) ascertainment of Islamic law and other personal laws for purposes of federal law;
... (Ninth Schedule, Legislative Lists, List I—Federal List, [Articles 74, 77]) - Malay…
4. Undang-undang dan tatacara sivil dan jenayah dan pentadbiran keadilan, termasuk—
(a) Keanggotaan dan susunan semua mahkamah selain Mahkamah Syariah;
(b) Bidang kuasa dan kuasa semua mahkamah itu;
(c) Saraan dan keistemewaan lain hakim dan pegawai yang mengetuai mahkamah itu;
(d) Orang yang berhak menjalankan amalan di hadapan mahkamah itu;
(e) Tertakluk kepada perenggan (ii), perkara yang berikut:
(i) Kontrak; perkongsian, agensi dan kontrak khas yang lain; majikan dan perkhidmat; rumah inapan dan tuan rumah inapan; perbuatan salah boleh dakwa; harta dan pindah hakmiliknya serta hipotekasinya, kecuali tanah; bona vacantia; ekuiti dan amanah; perkahwinan, perceraian dan kesahtarafan; harta dan taraf perempuan bersuami; pentafsiran undang-undang persekutuan; surat cara boleh niaga; akuan berkanun; timbang tara; undang-undang persaudagaran; pendaftaran perniagaan dan nama perniagaan; umur dewasa; budak-budak dan orang belum dewasa; pengangkutan; pewarisan, berwasiat dan tidak berwasiat; probet dan surat kuasa mentadbir; kebankrapan dan ketidakmampuan bayar; sumpah dan ikrar; batasan; penguatkuasaan bersaling penghakiman dan perintah; undang-undang keterangan;
(ii) perkara yang disebut dalam perenggan (i) tidak termasuk undang-undang diri Islam yang berhubungan dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, penjagaan, nafkah, pengangkatan, kesahtarafan, undang-undang keluarga, alang atau pewarisan, berwasiat dan tidak berwasiat;
…
(k) Penenetuan hukum Syarak dan undang-undang diri yang lain bagi maksud undang-undang persekutuan;
… (Jadual Kesembilan, Senarai Perundangan, Senarai I—Senarai Persekutuan, [Perkara 74, 77])
Religious Law
Benin
- English
The Republic of Benin is one and indivisible, secular and democratic.
… (Art. 2) - French
La République du Bénin est une et indivisible, laïque et démocratique.
… (Art. 2)
Religious Law
Nepal
- English…
(3) No woman shall be subjected to physical, mental, sexual, psychological or other form of violence or exploitation on grounds of religion, social, cultural tradition, practice or on any other grounds. Such act shall be punishable by law, and the victim shall have the right to obtain compensation in accordance with law.
… (Art. 38) - Nepali…
(३) महिला विरुद्व धार्मिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक परम्परा, प्रचलन वाअन्य कुनै आधारमा शारीरिक, मानसिक, यौनजन्य, मनोवैज्ञानिक वा अन्यकुनै किसिमको हिंसाजन्य कार्य वा शोषण गरिने छैन । त्यस्तो कार्य कानून बमोजिम दण्डनीय हुनेछ र पीडितलाई कानून बमोजिम क्षतिपूर्ति पाउने हक हुनेछ ।
... (धारा ३८)
Religious Law
Comoros
- EnglishThe Comorian people solemnly affirm their will to:
…
– cultivate a national identity based on a sole people, a sole religion (Sunni Islam) and a sole language;
… (Preamble) - Arabicيؤكد الشعب القمري رسمياً رغبته في:
...
- تنمية هوية وطنية قائمة على أساس شعب واحد ودين واحد (الإسلام السني) ولغة واحدة؛
... (الديباجة) - FrenchLe peuple comorien affirme solennellement sa volonté de:
- cultiver une identité nationale basée sur un seul peuple, une seule religion (Islam Sunnite) et une seule langue;
… (Préambule)
Religious Law
Sudan
- English(1) The death penalty may only be inflicted as retribution (qasas), a hudud punishment, or as a penalty for crimes of extreme gravity, in accordance with the law.
...
(3) The death penalty may only be inflicted on pregnant women and nursing mothers two years after [they have finished] breastfeeding. (Art. 53) - Arabic1. لا يجوز توقيع عقوبة الإعدام إلا قصاصاً او حداً او جزاءً علي الجرائم بالغة الخطورة، بموجب القانون.
3. لا يجوز تنفيذ عقوبة الإعدام علي الحوامل او المرضعات إلا بعد عامين من الرضاعة. (الماده 54)
Religious Law
Pakistan
- English(1) The functions of the Islamic Council shall be--
(a) to make recommendations to Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies as to the ways and means of enabling and encouraging the Muslims of Pakistan to order their lives individually and collectively in all respects in accordance with the principles and concepts of Islam as enunciated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah;
(b) to advise a House, a Provincial Assembly, the President or a Governor on any question referred to the Council as to whether proposed law is or is not repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam;
(c) to make recommendations as to the measures for bringing existing laws into conformity with the Injunctions of Islam and the stages by which such measures should be brought into effect; and
(d) to compile in a suitable form, for the guidance of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies, such injunctions of Islam as can be given legislative effect.
… (Art. 230) - Urdu(ا) اسلامی کونسل کے کارہائے منصبی حسب ذیل ہوں گے۔۔
(الف) مجلس شوریٰ (پارلیمنٹ) اور صوبائی اسمبلیوں کو ایسے ذرائع اور وسائل کی سفارش کرنا جن سے پاکستان کےمسلمانوں کو اپنی زندگیاں انفرادی اور اجتماعی طور پر ہر لحاظ سے اسلام کے ان اصولوں اور تصورات کے مطابق ڈھالنےکی ترغیب اور امداد ملے جن کا قرآن پاک اور سنت میں تعین کیا گیا ہے؛
(ب) کسی ایوان، کسی صوبائی اسمبلی، صدر یا کسی گورنر کو کسی ایسے سوال کے بارے میں مشورہ دینا جس میں کونسل سے اس بابت رجوع کیا گیا ہو کہ آیا کوئی مجوزہ قانون اسلامی احکام کے منافی ہے یا نہیں؛
(ج) ایسی تدابیر کی جن سے نافذالعمل قوانین کو اسلامی احکام کے مطابق بنایا جائے گا نیز ان مراحل کی جن سے گزر کر محولہ تدابیر کا نفاذ عمل میں لانا چاہئے، سفارش کرنا؛ اور
(د) مجلس شوریٰ (پارلیمنٹ) اور صوبائی اسمبلیوں کی رہنمائی کے لئے اسلام کے ایسے احکام کی ایک موزوں شکل میں تدوین کرنا جنہیں قانونی طور پر نافذ کیا جا سکے۔
…(آرٹیکل ۲۳۰)
Religious Law
Ethiopia
- English…
4. In accordance with provisions to be specified by law, a law giving recognition to marriage concluded under systems of religious or customary laws may be enacted.
5. This Constitution shall not preclude the adjudication of disputes relating to personal and family laws in accordance with religious or customary laws, with the consent of the parties to the dispute. Particulars shall be determined by law. (Art. 34) - Amharic…
4. በሕግ በተለይ በሚዘረዘረው መሰረት በሃይማኖት፣ በባሕል የሕግ ሥርዓቶች ላይ ተመስርትው ለሚፈጸሙ ጋብቻዎች እውቅና የሚሰጥ ሕግ ሊወጣ ይችላል፡፡
5. ይህ ሕገ መንግሥት የግል እና የቤተሰብ ሕግን በተመለከተ በተከራካሪዎች ፈቃድ በሃይማኖቶች ወይም በባሕሎች ሕጐች መሰረት መዳኘትን አይከለክልም፡፡ ዝርዝሩ በሕግ ይወሰናል፡፡ (አንቀጽ 34)
Religious Law
Colombia
- English…
Religious marriages will have civil effects in the terms established by the law.
The civil effects of all marriages may cease by divorce in accordance with the civil law.
Sentences of annulment of religious marriages issued by the authorities of the respective religion, will also have civil effects within the limits established by the law.
The law will determine [that] relative to the civil status of persons and the consequent rights and duties. (Art. 42) - Spanish…
Los matrimonios religiosos tendrán efectos civiles en los términos que establezca la ley.
Los efectos civiles de todo matrimonio cesarán por divorcio con arreglo a la ley civil.
También tendrán efectos civiles las sentencias de nulidad de los matrimonios religiosos dictadas por las autoridades de la respectiva religión, en los términos que establezca la ley.
La ley determinará lo relativo al estado civil de las personas y los consiguientes derechos y deberes. (Art. 42)