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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNo rights and liberties assured to citizens may be exercised against the independence of the nation, the integrity of the national territory, national unity, the institutions of the Republic nor the principles and objectives established by this Constitution. (Art. 35)
- PortugueseNenhum dos direitos e liberdades garantidos aos cidadãos pode ser exercido contra a independência da Nação, a integridade do território, a unidade nacional, as instituições da República e os princípios e objectivos consagrados na presente Constituição. (Art. 35)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
The State guarantees to all citizens the public and individual freedoms,
…
Liberty cannot be limited except by the law. (Art. 10) - Arabic
تضمن الدّولة لكافة المواطنين الحرّيات العمومية و الفردية،
...
لا تحدّ الحرية إلا بقانون. (المادّة 10) - French
L'État garantit à tous les citoyens les libertés publiques et individuelles,
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La liberté ne peut être limitée que par la loi. (Art. 10)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) Nothing in sections 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41 of this Constitution shall invalidate any law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society –
(a) in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or
(b) for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedom or other persons.
(2) An act of the National Assembly shall not be invalidated by reason only that it provides for the taking, during periods of emergency, of measures that derogate from the provisions of section 33 or 35 of this Constitution; but no such measures shall be taken in pursuance of any such act during any period of emergency save to the extent that those measures are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period of emergency:
Provided that nothing in this section shall authorise any derogation from the provisions of section 33 of this Constitution, except in respect of death resulting from acts of war or authorise any derogation from the provisions of section 36(8) of this Constitution.
(3) In this section, a "period of emergency" means any period during which there is in force a Proclamation of a state of emergency declared by the President in exercise of the powers conferred on him under section 305 of this Constitution. (Sec. 45)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) The rights set out in this Chapter may be limited by law, provided that the law is not targeted at particular individuals or groups.
(2) This right may be limited by law, or by specific exceptions in this Chapter, only if that limitation is demonstrably reasonable and justified according to the values underlying this constitution.
(3) In deciding whether a limitation is reasonable and justifiable, all relevant factors must be taken into account.
(4) The relevant factors in terms of Clause 3 include the nature and importance of the right limited, the importance of the purpose to be achieved by the limitation, whether the limitation is suitable for achieving the purpose, and whether the same purpose could be achieved while being less restrictive of the rights limited.
(5) Possible restriction of fundamental rights during a state of emergency is dealt with in Chapter 14, Article 131 of this Constitution. (Art. 38) - Somali(1) Xuquuqda lagu sheegay Cutubkan waxaa xaddidi kara sharciga, haddii sharcigaasi uusan si gaar ah u bar-tilmaameedsanayn shakhsiyaad ama kooxo.
(2) Xuquuqdan waxaa xaddidaya sharciga, ama waxaaba si gaar ah loogu asteeyay cutubkan, waase haddii xaddidaaddaasi ay tahay mid si cad u maangal ah ama kuwo la aqbali karo oo waafaqsan qiyamka lagu qeexay Dastuurka.
(3) Marka go’aan laga gaarayo in xaddididda xuquuqdu ay noqoto mid la aqbali karo oo maangal ah, waa in dhammaan arrimaha xaddeyntan khuseeya xisaabta lagu darsadaa.
(4) Arrimaha la xiriira waxaa ka mid ah dabeecadda iyo ahmiyadda xuquuqda la xaddidey iyo muhimmadda ujeeddo la rabo in lagu gaaro xaddidaadda; haddii xaddididdaasi u habboon tahay in lagu gaaro ujeeddada ama haddii isla ujeeddadaas lagu gaari karaayey iyadoo aan la xaddidin xuquuqdaas.
(5) Xaddididda suurtogalka ah ee xuquuqda asaasiga ah ee muwaaddinka xilliga xaaladda degdegga waxaa lagu sheegay Cutubka 14aad, Qodobka 131aad. (Qodobka 38aad.)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
...
(4) Any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency may derogate from the Bill of Rights only to the extent that—
(a) the derogation is strictly required by the emergency; and
(b) the legislation—
(i) is consistent with the Republic’s obligations under international law applicable to states of emergency;
(ii) conforms to subsection (5); and
(iii) is published in the national Government Gazette as soon as reasonably possible after being enacted.
(5) No Act of Parliament that authorises a declaration of a state of emergency, and no legislation enacted or other action taken in consequence of a declaration, may permit or authorise—
(a) indemnifying the state, or any person, in respect of any unlawful act;
(b) any derogation from this section; or
(c) any derogation from a section mentioned in column 1 of the Table of Non-Derogable Rights,5 to the extent indicated opposite that section in column 3 of the Table.6
… (Sec. 37)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishNothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of Articles 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 to the extent that it is shown that the law in question authorises the taking, during any period when the Republic is at war or when a declaration under Article 30 is in force, of measures for the purpose of dealing with any situation existing or arising during that period; and nothing done by any person under the authority of any such law shall be held to be in contravention of any of the said provisions if it is shown that the measures taken were, having due regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time, reasonably required for the purpose of dealing with the situation in question. (Art. 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
2. The ambit and the essential content of constitutional rules with respect to rights, liberties and guarantees may not be restrained by way of interpretation.
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4. The law may restrict rights, liberties and guarantees only in cases expressly foreseen in the Constitution.
5. Restrictive laws of rights, liberties and guarantees shall necessarily be of a general and abstract nature, shall not have retroactive effect, may not diminish the ambit and the essential content of constitutional rules and must be strictly limited to the safeguard of other constitutionally protected rights. (Art. 17) - Portuguese...
2. A extensão e o conteúdo essencial das normas constitucionais relativas aos direitos, liberdades e garantias não podem ser restringidos pela via da interpretação.
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4. Só nos casos expressamente previstos na Constituição poderá a lei restringir os direitos, liberdades e garantias.
5. As leis restritivas dos direitos, liberdades e garantias serão obrigatoriamente de carácter geral e abstracto, não terão efeitos retroactivos, não poderão diminuir a extensão e o conteúdo essencial das normas constitucionais e deverão limitar-se ao necessário para a salvaguarda de outros direitos constitucionalmente protegidos. (Art. 17)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishIn the case of imminent danger, when the declaration of the State of exception or of siege is declared [se acuerde], the President of the Republic can suspend[,] for a maximum time of three months[,] the rights and guarantees established in this Fundamental Law and take exceptional measures to safeguard the territorial integrity, the national independence, the institutions of the State and the functioning of public powers and services[,] informing the People by message. The time of three months referred to may be extended until the causes that motivated this suspension have disappeared. (Art. 43)
- SpanishEn caso de peligro inminente, cuando se acuerde la declaración del estado de excepción o de sitio, el Presidente de la República puede suspender por un tiempo máximo de tres meses los derechos y garantías establecidos en esta Ley Fundamental y tomar medidas excepcionales para salvaguardar la integridad territorial, la independencia nacional, las instituciones del Estado y el funcionamiento de los servicios y poderes públicos informándolo al Pueblo por mensaje. El referido plazo de tres meses será prorrogado hasta que desaparezcan las causas que motivaron dicha suspensión. (Art. 43)
- FrenchEn cas de danger imminent, lorsqu'un état d'exception ou de siège est déclaré, le Président de la République peut suspendre, pour une période maximale de trois mois, les droits et garanties prévus par la présente Loi fondamentale et prendre des mesures exceptionnelles de nature à sauvegarder l'intégrité territoriale, l'indépendance nationale, les institutions de l'État et le fonctionnement des services et des pouvoirs publics en informant le peuple par message. Cette durée de trois mois sera prorogée jusqu'à ce que cessent les causes ayant motivé les mesures de suspension des droits et garanties. (Art. 43)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
(2) Every person in Ghana, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, religion, creed or gender shall be entitled to the fundamental human rights and freedoms of the individual contained in this Chapter7 but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest. (Art. 12)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English...
(6) Any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency—
(a) may limit a right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights only to the extent that—
(i) the limitation is strictly required by the emergency; and
(ii) the legislation is consistent with the Republic’s obligations under international law applicable to a state of emergency; and
(b) shall not take effect until it is published in the Gazette.
… (Art. 58) - Swahili...
(6) Sheria yoyote iliyotungwa kwa sababu ya tangazo la hali ya dharura-
(a) inaweza kuwekea mpaka haki au uhuru wa msingi katika Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu ni kwa kiwango ambacho tu-
(i) mpaka huo unahitajika kabisa na dharura hiyo; na
(ii) sheria hiyo inaoana na majukumu ya Jamhuri chini ya sheria za kimataifa zinazotumika kwa hali ya dharura; na
(b) haitaanza kutekelezwa hadi itakapochapishwa kwenye gazeti la serikali.
… (Kifungu cha 58)