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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Minorities
- English(1) An election for the office of President is reserved for a community if no person belonging to that community has held the office of President for any of the 5 most recent terms of office of the President.
…
(4) The Legislature may, by law —
(a) provide for the establishment of one or more committees to decide, for the purposes of this Article, whether a person belongs to the Chinese community, the Malay community or the Indian or other minority communities;
...
(6) In this Article —
“community” means —
(a) the Chinese community;
(b) the Malay community; or
(c) the Indian or other minority communities;
“person belonging to the Chinese community” means any person who considers himself to be a member of the Chinese community and who is generally accepted as a member of the Chinese community by that community;
“person belonging to the Malay community” means any person, whether of the Malay race or otherwise, who considers himself to be a member of the Malay community and who is generally accepted as a member of the Malay community by that community;
“person belonging to the Indian or other minority communities” means any person of Indian origin who considers himself to be a member of the Indian community and who is generally accepted as a member of the Indian community by that community, or any person who belongs to any minority community other than the Malay or Indian community;
... (Art. 19B)
Minorities
- English
The state shall ensure to all the full exercise of the cultural rights and access to the sources of national culture and shall support and foster the appreciation and diffusion of cultural expressions.
Paragraph 1. The State shall protect the expressions of popular, Indian and Afro-Brazilian cultures, as well as those of other groups participating in the national civilization process.
… (Art. 215) - Portuguese
O Estado garantirá a todos o pleno exercício dos direitos culturais e acesso às fontes da cultura nacional, e apoiará e incentivará a valorização e a difusão das manifestações culturais.
§ 1º O Estado protegerá as manifestações das culturas populares, indígenas e afro-brasileiras, e das de outros grupos participantes do processo civilizatório nacional.
… (Art. 215)
Minorities
- English1. The Ethnic Council is composed of the Chairperson, Vice Chairpersons and Members. The Chairperson of the Ethnic Council shall be elected by the National Assembly; Vice Chairpersons and Members of the Ethnic Council shall be approved by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly.
2. The Ethnic Council shall study and make proposals on ethnic issues to the National Assembly; exercise the power of overseeing the implementation of policies on ethnic groups, programs and plans for socio-economic development in mountainous and ethnic minority areas.
3. The Chairperson of the Ethnic Council may be invited to attend Government meetings to discuss the implementation of policies on ethnic groups. The Government shall consult the Ethnic Council before promulgating regulations on the implementation of policies on ethnic groups.
4. The Ethnic Council has additional tasks and powers similar to those of the Committees of the National Assembly set out in Clause 2, Article 76. (Art. 75) - Vietnamese1. Hội đồng dân tộc gồm Chủ tịch, các Phó Chủ tịch và các Ủy viên. Chủ tịch Hội đồng dân tộc do Quốc hội bầu; các Phó Chủ tịch và các Ủy viên Hội đồng dân tộc do Ủy ban thường vụ Quốc hội phê chuẩn.
2. Hội đồng dân tộc nghiên cứu và kiến nghị với Quốc hội về công tác dân tộc; thực hiện quyền giám sát việc thi hành chính sách dân tộc, chương trình, kế hoạch phát triển kinh tế - xã hội miền núi và vùng đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số.
3. Chủ tịch Hội đồng dân tộc được mời tham dự phiên họp của Chính phủ bàn về việc thực hiện chính sách dân tộc. Khi ban hành quy định thực hiện chính sách dân tộc, Chính phủ phải lấy ý kiến của Hội đồng dân tộc.
4. Hội đồng dân tộc có những nhiệm vụ, quyền hạn khác như Uỷ ban của Quốc hội quy định tại khoản 2 Điều 76. (Điều 75)
Minorities
- English…
The People's Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Socialist relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony have been established among the nationalities and will continue to be strengthened. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, it is necessary to combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and also necessary to combat local-national chauvinism. The state does its utmost to promote the common prosperity of all nationalities in the country.
… (Preamble) - Chinese…
中华人民共和国是全国各族人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系已经确立,并将继续加强。在维护民族团结的斗争中,要反对大民族主义,主要是大汉族主义,也要反对地方民族主义。国家尽一切努力,促进全国各民族的共同繁荣。
… (序言)
Minorities
- EnglishEveryone has the right to preserve his or her ethnic identity. (Sec. 49)
- EstonianIgaühel on õigus säilitada oma rahvuskuuluvus. (§ 49)
Minorities
- EnglishThe law, in accordance with the Constitution, shall regulate:
…
2) the manner of exercise of the special minority rights;
… (Art. 16) - MontenegrinZakonom se, u skladu sa Ustavom, uređuju:
...
2) način ostvarivanja posebnih manjinskih prava;
... (Član 16)
Minorities
- EnglishRule of law is a fundamental prerequisite for the Constitution which is based on inalienable human rights.
The rule of law shall be exercised through free and direct elections, constitutional guarantees of human and minority rights, separation of power, independent judiciary and observance of Constitution and Law by the authorities. (Art. 3) - Serbian CyrillicВладавина права је основна претпоставка Устава и почива на неотуђивим људским правима.
Владавина права се остварује слободним и непосредним изборима, уставним јемствима људских и мањинских права, поделом власти, независном судском влашћу и повиновањем власти Уставу и закону. (Члан 3)
Minorities
- English
(1) Citizens of national minorities or ethnic groups in theSlovak Republic shall be guaranteed their full development, particularly the rights to promote their cultural heritage with other citizens of the same national minority or ethic group, receive and disseminate information in their mother tongues, form associations, and create and maintain educational and cultural institutions. Details thereof shall be fixed by law.
(2) In addition to the right to learn the official language, the citizens of national minorities or ethnic groups shall, under provisions fixed by law, also be guaranteed:
a) the right to be educated in a minority language,
b) the right to use a minority language in official communications,
c) the right to participate in decision-making in matters affecting the national minorities and ethnic groups.
(3) The exercise of rights by citizens of a national minority guaranteed by this Constitution may not threaten the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Slovak Republic or discriminate against other citizens. (Art. 34) - Slovak
(1) Občanom tvoriacim v Slovenskej republike národnostné menšiny alebo etnické skupiny sa zaručuje všestranný rozvoj, najmä právo spoločne s inými príslušníkmi menšiny alebo skupiny rozvíjať vlastnú kultúru, právo rozširovať a prijímať informácie v ich materinskom jazyku, zdruţovať sa v národnostných zdruţeniach, zakladať a udrţiavať vzdelávacie a kultúrne inštitúcie. Podrobnosti ustanoví zákon.
(2) Občanom patriacim k národnostným menšinám alebo etnickým skupinám sa za podmienok ustanovených zákonom zaručuje okrem práva na osvojenie si štátneho jazyka aj
a) právo na vzdelanie v ich jazyku,
b) právo pouţívať ich jazyk v úradnom styku,
c) právo zúčastňovať sa na riešení vecí týkajúcich sa národnostných menšín a etnických skupín.
(3) Výkon práv občanov patriacich k národnostným menšinám a etnickým skupinám zaručených v tejto ústave nesmie viesť k ohrozeniu zvrchovanosti a územnej celistvosti Slovenskej republiky a k diskriminácii jej ostatného obyvateľstva. (Čl. 34)
Minorities
- EnglishAll Burundians are equal in merits and in dignity. All citizens enjoy the same rights and have right to the same protection of the law. No Burundian may be excluded from the social, economical or political life of the nation because of their race, of their language, of their religion, of their sex or of their ethnic origin. (Art. 13)
- KirundiAbarundi bose baranganya iteka n’ivyo bakwiye kuronka. Abanyagihugu bose baranganya amateka kandi amabwirizwa abakingira kumwe. Nta murundi n’umwe azokumirwa mu vyerekeye imibano, ubutunzi canke intwaro y’igihugu kubera ibara ry’urukoba, ururimi, idini, igitsina canke ubwoko vyiwe. (Ingingo ya 13)
- FrenchTous les burundais sont égaux en mérite et en dignité. Tous les citoyens jouissent des mêmes droits et ont droit à la même protection de la loi. Aucun burundais ne sera exclu de la vie sociale, économique ou politique de la nation du fait de sa race, de sa langue, de sa religion, de son sexe ou de son origine ethnique. (Art. 13)
Minorities
- EnglishIt shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups; and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities. (Art. 350A)
- Hindiप्रत्येक राज्य और राज्य के भीतर प्रत्येक स्थानीय प्राधिकारी भाषाई अल्पसंख्यक-वर्गों के बालकों को शिक्षा के प्राथमिक स्तर पर मातृभाषा में शिक्षा की पर्याप्त सुविधाओं की व्यवस्था करने का प्रयास करेगा और राष्ट्रपति किसी राज्य को ऐसे निदेश दे सकेगा जो वह ऐसी सुविधाओं का उपबंध सुनिश्चित कराने के लिए आवश्यक या उचित समझता है। (अनुच्छेद 350क)