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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Parties
- English(1) Every person has a freedom, to freely and peaceably assemble, associate and cooperate with other persons, and for that purpose, express views publicly and to form and join with associations or organizations formed for purposes of preserving or furthering his beliefs or interests or any other interests.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subarticles (1) and (4), it shall not be lawful for any political party to be registered which according to its constitution or policy -
(a) aims at promoting or furthering the interests of -
(i) any faith or religious group;
(ii) any tribal group, place of origin, race or gender;
(iii) only a particular area within any part of the United Republic;
(b) advocates for the break-up of the United Republic;
(c) accepts or advocates for the use of the force or violent confrontation as means of attaining its political goals;
(d) advocates or intends to carry on its political activities in only one part of the United Republic; or
(e) does not permit periodic and democratic election of its leaders.
(3) Parliament may enact legislation which makes provisions for ensuring that political parties operate within the limits and adhere to the conditions set out in subarticle (2) concerning the freedom and the right of persons to associate and assemble.
(4) It shall be unlawful for any person to be compelled to join any association or organization, or for any association or for any political party to be refused registration on grounds solely of the ideology or philosophy of that political party. (Art. 20)
Political Parties
- English(1) Any law, arrangement or decision so made as to impose any restriction on the formation and operation of a political party and on the generation of publicity in order to secure support and cooperation from the general public for the ideology, philosophy and program of the party in accordance with Article 269 shall be deemed to be inconsistent with this Constitution and shall, ipso facto, be void.
(2) Any law, arrangement or decision so made as to allow for participation or involvement of only a single political party or persons having similar political ideology, philosophy or program in the elections or in the political system of, or in the conduct of governance of, the country shall be deemed to be inconsistent with this Constitution and shall, ipso facto, be void. (Art. 270) - Nepali(१) धारा २६९ बमोजिम राजनीतिक दलको गठन गरी सञ्चालन गर्न र दलको विचारधारा, दर्शन र कार्यक्रमप्रति जनसाधारणको समर्थन र सहयोग प्राप्त गर्नका लागि त्यसको प्रचार र प्रसार गर्ने कार्यमा कुनै प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने गरी बनाइएको कानून वा गरिएको कुनै व्यवस्था वा निर्णय यो संविधानको प्रतिकूल मानिनेछ र स्वतः अमान्य हुनेछ।
(२) कुनै एउटै राजनीतिक दल वा एकै किसिमको राजनीतिक विचारधारा, दर्शन वा कार्यक्रम भएका व्यक्तिहरूले मात्र निर्वाचन, देशको राजनीतिक प्रणाली वा राज्य व्यवस्था सञ्चालनमा भाग लिन पाउने वा सम्मिलित हुन पाउने गरी बनाइएको कानून वा गरिएको कुनै व्यवस्था वा निर्णय यो संविधानको प्रतिकूल मानिनेछ र स्वतः अमान्य हुनेछ । (धारा २७०)
Political Parties
- English
The creation, amalgamation, merger and extinction of political parties is free, with due regard for national sovereignty, the democratic regime, the plurality of political parties, the fundamental rights of the individual, and observing the following precepts:
I – national character;
II – prohibition from receiving financial assistance from a foreign entity or government or from subordination to same;
III – rendering of accounts to the Electoral Courts;
IV – operation in the National Congress in accordance with the law.
Paragraph 1. Political parties are assured autonomy to define their internal structure; to establish rules on the choice, composition and duration of their permanent and provisional bodies, as well as on their organization and operation; and to adopt the selection criteria as well as the regime of their coalitions in majority elections. Coalitions are forbidden in proportional elections and there is no obligation to follow the same party alliances at the national, state, Federal District or municipal levels. The by-laws of the parties shall establish rules of discipline and party loyalty.
Paragraph 2. After acquiring corporate legal status under civil law, political parties shall register their by-laws at the Superior Electoral Court.
Paragraph 3. Access to the party fund as well as to free advertisement on the radio and television, pursuant to the law, will be available only to political parties that have alternatively:
I – obtained, in the elections for the Chamber of Deputies, at least 3% (three percent) of the valid votes, distributed in at least one third of the units of the Federation, with a minimum of 2% (two percent) of the valid votes in each of them; or
II – elected at least fifteen Federal Deputies distributed in at least one third of the units of the Federation.
Paragraph 4. Political parties are forbidden to use paramilitary organizations.
...
Paragraph 7. Political parties shall allocate at least 5% (five percent) of the resources from the party fund to the creation and maintenance of programs for the promotion and dissemination of women's political participation, according to the intra-party interests.
Paragraph 8. The total amount of the Special Fund for Campaign Financing and the portion of the party fund allocated to electoral campaigns, as well as the free access time to radio and television to be distributed by the parties to their respective female candidates, shall be of at least 30% (thirty percent), proportional to the number of female candidates, and the distribution shall be carried out according to criteria established by the respective boards of direction and by regulatory norms, considering party autonomy and interest. (Art. 17)
- Portuguese
É livre a criação, fusão, incorporação e extinção de partidos políticos, resguardados a soberania nacional, o regime democrático, o pluripartidarismo, os direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana e observados os seguintes preceitos:
I - caráter nacional;
II - proibição de recebimento de recursos financeiros de entidade ou governo estrangeiros ou de subordinação a estes;
III - prestação de contas à Justiça Eleitoral;
IV - funcionamento parlamentar de acordo com a lei.
§ 1º É assegurada aos partidos políticos autonomia para definir sua estrutura interna e estabelecer regras sobre escolha, formação e duração de seus órgãos permanentes e provisórios e sobre sua organização e funcionamento e para adotar os critérios de escolha e o regime de suas coligações nas eleições majoritárias, vedada a sua celebração nas eleições proporcionais, sem obrigatoriedade de vinculação entre as candidaturas em âmbito nacional, estadual, distrital ou municipal, devendo seus estatutos estabelecer normas de disciplina e fidelidade partidária.
§ 2º Os partidos políticos, após adquirirem personalidade jurídica, na forma da lei civil, registrarão seus estatutos no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral.
§ 3º Somente terão direito a recursos do fundo partidário e acesso gratuito ao rádio e à televisão, na forma da lei, os partidos políticos que alternativamente:
I - obtiverem, nas eleições para a Câmara dos Deputados, no mínimo, 3% (três por cento) dos votos válidos, distribuídos em pelo menos um terço das unidades da Federação, com um mínimo de 2% (dois por cento) dos votos válidos em cada uma delas; ou
II - tiverem elegido pelo menos quinze Deputados Federais distribuídos em pelo menos um terço das unidades da Federação.
§ 4º É vedada a utilização pelos partidos políticos de organização paramilitar.
...
§ 7º Os partidos políticos devem aplicar no mínimo 5% (cinco por cento) dos recursos do fundo partidário na criação e na manutenção de programas de promoção e difusão da participação política das mulheres, de acordo com os interesses intrapartidários.
§ 8º O montante do Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanha e da parcela do fundo partidário destinada a campanhas eleitorais, bem como o tempo de propaganda gratuita no rádio e na televisão a ser distribuído pelos partidos às respectivas candidatas, deverão ser de no mínimo 30% (trinta por cento), proporcional ao número de candidatas, e a distribuição deverá ser realizada conforme critérios definidos pelos respectivos órgãos de direção e pelas normas estatutárias, considerados a autonomia e o interesse partidário. (Art. 17)
Political Parties
- EnglishCitizens shall have the right to form political parties and other public associations operating within the framework of the Constitution and laws.
The establishment and activity of political parties, and other public associations, aimed at bringing violent change to the constitutional order, introducing violence in their activity, opposing the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, advocating war, hatred on the basis of colour, national or religious hatred, encroaching on the health and morality of the people, as well as the political parties with ethnic or religious attributes shall be prohibited. (Art. 44) - RussianГраждане вправе создавать политические партии и иные общественные объединения, действующие в пределах Конституции и законов.
Запрещаются создание и деятельность политических партий и иных общественных объединений, имеющих целью насильственное изменение конституционного строя, допускающих насилие в своей деятельности, выступающих против конституционных прав и свобод граждан, пропагандирующих войну, вражду по признаку цвета кожи, национальную, религиозную вражду, посягающих на здоровье и нравственность народа, а также политических партий по национальному или религиозному признакам. (Статья 44) - TurkmenRaýatlar Konstitusiýanyň we kanunlaryň çäklerinde hereket edýän syýasy partiýalary we gaýry jemgyýetçilik birleşiklerini döretmäge haklydyrlar.
Konstitusion gurluşy zorlukly üýtgetmegi maksat edinýän, öz işinde zorluga ýol berýän, raýatlaryň konstitusion hukuklaryna we azatlyklaryna garşy çykyş edýän, urşy, teniniň reňkiniň alamaty boýunça, milli, dini duşmançylygy wagyz edýän, halkyň saglygyna we ahlaklylygyna kast edýän syýasy partiýalaryň we gaýry jemgyýetçilik birleşikleriniň, şeýle hem milli ýa-da dini alamatlar boýunça syýasy partiýalaryň döredilmegi we işlemegi gadagan edilýär. (44-njy madda)
Political Parties
- English…
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make provision -
…
(b) …
(iii) for the minimum number or proportion of female candidates on a party’s list and in all party’s lists taken together;
(iv) for the minimum number or proportion of female candidates on a party’s lists for geographical constituencies taken individually or together;
(v) for the maximum percentage or the number of geographical constituencies a party can contest in which its lists contain no female candidate.
… (Art. 160)
Political Parties
- English… No organization, individual, group, political party or organization may establish forces or paramilitary groups for whatever purpose or under any name. … (Art. 36)
- Arabic(36 ولا يجوز لأي هيئة أو فرد أو جماعة أو تنظيم أو حزب سياسي إنشاء قوات أو تشكيلات عسكرية أو شبه عسكرية لأي غرض كان وتحت أي مسمى، …(مادة ...
Political Parties
- EnglishAttempts against the republican, democratic and representative system of government by political parties is prohibited. (Art. 48)
- SpanishSe prohíbe a los partidos políticos atentar contra el sistema republicano, democrático y representativo de gobierno. (Art. 48)
Political Parties
- English
(1) All citizens are free to associate in parties and other sociopolitical organizations. These organisations shall contribute to the definition and expression of the political will of citizens and take part in the election process, according to the law.
(2) All parties and other sociopolitical organisations are equal before the law.
(3) The State shall ensure the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of parties and other sociopolitical organisations.
(4) Parties and other sociopolitical organizations, which objectives or activities are the engagement in fighting against political pluralism, the principles of the rule of law, sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova are declared unconstitutional.
(5) Any secret associations shall be forbidden.
(6) The operation of parties consisting of foreign citizens shall be forbidden.
(7) Public offices the holders of which may not join political parties are laid down by organic law. (Art. 41) - Moldovian
(1) Cetăţenii se pot asocia liber în partide şi în alte organizaţii social-politice. Ele contribuie la definirea şi la exprimarea voinţei politice a cetăţenilor şi, în condiţiile legii, participă la alegeri.
(2) Partidele şi alte organizaţii social-politice sînt egale în faţa legii.
(3) Statul asigură respectarea drepturilor şi intereselor legitime ale partidelor şi ale altor organizaţii social-politice.
(4) Partidele şi alte organizaţii social-politice care, prin scopurile ori prin activitatea lor, militează împotriva pluralismului politic, a principiilor statului de drept, a suveranităţii şi independenţei, a integrităţii teritoriale a Republicii Moldova sînt neconstituţionale.
(5) Asociaţiile secrete sînt interzise.
(6) Activitatea partidelor constituite din cetăţeni străini este interzisă.
(7) Funcţiile publice ai căror titulari nu pot face parte din partide se stabilesc prin lege organică. (Art. 41)
Political Parties
- EnglishAll citizens have the right of association for political purposes, through democratic methods of organization, operation and direction. Their governing organs and candidates for offices filled by popular vote, shall be selected by internal elections with participation of their members. No financing of associations for political purposes with State funds shall be permitted. Matters relating to the financing of and private contributions to associations for political purposes shall be regulated by law, as shall the oversight mechanisms to guarantee propriety as to the sources and handling of such funds.
Law shall regulate as well, political and election campaigns, the duration thereof and spending limits with a view pursuing its democratization.
Citizens, on their own initiative, and associations for political purposes, shall be entitled to participate in the electoral process, putting forward candidates. The financing of political advertising and election campaigns shall be regulated by law. The authorities of associations for political purposes shall not enter into contracts with organs in the public sector. (Art. 67) - SpanishTodos los ciudadanos y ciudadanas tienen el derecho de asociarse con fines políticos, mediante métodos democráticos de organización, funcionamiento y dirección. Sus organismos de dirección y sus candidatos o candidatas a cargos de elección popular serán seleccionados o seleccionadas en elecciones internas con la participación de sus integrantes.
No se permitirá el financiamiento de las asociaciones con fines políticos con fondos provenientes del Estado.
La ley regulará lo concerniente al financiamiento y las contribuciones privadas de las organizaciones con fines políticos, y los mecanismos de control que aseguren la pulcritud en el origen y manejo de las mismas. Así mismo regulará las campañas políticas y electorales, su duración y límites de gastos propendiendo a su democratización.
Los ciudadanos y ciudadanas, por iniciativa propia, y las asociaciones con fines políticos, tienen derecho a concurrir a los procesos electorales postulando candidatos y candidatas. El financiamiento de la propaganda política y de las campañas electorales será regulado por la ley. Las direcciones de las asociaciones con fines políticos no podrán contratar con entidades del sector público. (Art. 67)
Political Parties
- English(1) An Organic law shall make provision-
(a) requiring any political party or organization having political aims and desiring to nominate a candidate for election to the Parliament, or to publicly support such a candidate as representing its views, to register with an appropriate body established by an Organic Law such reasonable particulars as are prescribed by Organic Law; and
(b) requiring any such party or organization to disclose to the Ombudsman Commission or some other authority prescribed by the law in such manner, at such times and with such details as are prescribed in or under the law-
i. its assets and income, and their sources; and
ii. its expenditure on or connected with an election or the support of a candidate; and
(c) prohibiting non-citizens from membership of, and from contributing to the funds of, any such party or organization; and
(d) defining the corporations and organizations that are to be regarded as non-citizens for the purposes of a provision made for the purposes of paragraph (c); and
(e) limiting the amount of contributions that such a party or organization may receive from any source or sources; and
(f) requiring persons who have made, or may have made, contributions to any such party or organization to give to the Ombudsman Commission, or some other authority, details of any such contribution.
(g) authorizing the funding of registered political parties from the National Budget and establishing a body to manage and distribute the funds in accordance with established procedures; and
(h) authorizing the payment in certain circumstances of a percentage of electoral expenses incurred by a female candidate in an election.
… (Sec. 129)