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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Customary Law
Myanmar
- EnglishEvery citizen shall, in accord with the law, have the right to freely develop literature, culture, arts, customs and traditions they cherish. In the process, they shall avoid any act detrimental to national solidarity. Moreover, any particular action which might adversely affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after coordinating with and obtaining the settlement of those affected. (Sec. 365)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံသားတိုင်းသည် ဥပဒေနှင့်အညီ မိမိတို့အမြတ်တနိုးထားရှိသော စာပေ၊ ယဉ်ကျေးမှု၊ အနုပညာနှင့် ဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းတို့ကို လွတ်လပ်စွာ ပြုစုပျိူးထောင်ဆောင်ရွက်ပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသည်။ ယင်းသို့ဆောင်ရွက်ရာတွင် တိုင်းရင်းသားစည်းလုံးညီညွတ်ရေးကို ထိပါးမှုမရှိစေရန် ရှောင်ကြဉ်ရမည်။ ထို့ပြင်မိမိတို့၏ ဆောင်ရွက်မှုသည် အခြားတိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုး တစ်မျိုးကိုဖြစ်စေ၊ လူမျိုးများကိုဖြစ်စေ ထိခိုက်နစ်နာစေနိုင်လျှင် သက်ဆိုင်သူများအချင်းချင်းညှိနှိုင်း၍ ပြေလည်မှုရရှိပြီးမှသာ ဆောင်ရွက်ခွင့် ရှိသည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၆၅)
Customary Law
Zimbabwe
- EnglishAn Act of Parliament may provide for the establishment, composition and jurisdiction of—
…
(b) customary law courts whose jurisdiction consists primarily in the application of customary law;
… (Sec. 174)
Customary Law
Malawi
- English...
3. Parliament may make provision for traditional or local courts presided over by lay persons or chiefs:
Provided that the jurisdiction of such courts shall be limited exclusively to civil cases at customary law and such minor common law and statutory offences as prescribed by an Act of Parliament.
4. Appeals from subordinate courts shall lie to the High Court, unless provided in this Constitution or by an Act of Parliament. (Sec. 110)
Customary Law
Micronesia, Federated States of
- EnglishThe Congress may establish, when needed, a Chamber of Chiefs consisting of traditional leaders from each state having such leaders, and of elected representatives from states having no traditional leaders. The constitution of a state having traditional leaders may provide for an active, functional role for them. (Art. V, Sec. 3)
Customary Law
Botswana
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons, attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
(d) for the application in the case of members of a particular race, community or tribe of customary law with respect to any matter whether to the exclusion of any law in respect to that matter which is applicable in the case of other persons or not;
… (Sec. 15)
Customary Law
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The judicial function is singular. Ordinary jurisdiction is exercised by the Supreme Court of Justice, the departmental courts of justice, the sentencing courts and the judges; the agro-environmental jurisdiction is exercised by the Agro-Environmental Court and judges; and the rural native indigenous jurisdiction is exercised by their own authorities. There shall be specialized jurisdictions regulated by the law.
II. Ordinary jurisdiction and rural native indigenous jurisdiction enjoy equal status.
… (Art. 179) - SpanishI. La función judicial es única. La jurisdicción ordinaria se ejerce por el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, los tribunales departamentales de justicia, los tribunales de sentencia y los jueces; la jurisdicción agroambiental por el Tribunal y jueces agroambientales; la jurisdicción indígena originaria campesina se ejerce por sus propias autoridades; existirán jurisdicciones especializadas reguladas por la ley.
II. La jurisdicción ordinaria y la jurisdicción indígena originario campesina gozarán de igual jerarquía.
... (Art. 179)
Customary Law
Mozambique
- English…
4. The law shall establish forms in which traditional and religious marriage shall be esteemed, and determine the registration requirements and effects of such marriage. (Art. 119) - Portuguese…
4. A lei estabelece as formas de valorização do casamento tradicional e religioso, define os requisitos do seu registo e fixa os seus efeitos. (Art. 119)
Customary Law
Samoa
- English(1) All land in Samoa is customary land, freehold land or public land.
(2) Customary land means land held from Samoa in accordance with Samoan custom and usage and with the law relating to Samoan custom and usage.
… (Art. 101) - Samoan(1) O eleele uma i Samoa o eleele tau le aganuu, eleele umia saoloto (fanua na faatauina mai), po o eleele tau le Malo.
(2) O eleele tau le aganuu o lona uiga o eleele e umia mai ia Samoa e talafeagai ai ma aganuu faa-Samoa ma lo latou faaaogaina ma e tusa ai ma le tulafono e uiga i aganuu faa-Samoa ma lo latou faaaogaina.
… (Mataupu 101)
Customary Law
Philippines
- EnglishThe State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.
The Congress may provide for the applicability of customary laws governing property rights or relations in determining the ownership and extent of ancestral domain. (Art. XII, Sec. 5) - FilipinoDapat pangalagaan ng Estado, batay sa mga tadhana ng Konstitusyong ito at sa mga patakaran at mga programa sa pagpapaunlad ng bansa, ang mga karapatan ng mga katutubong pamayanang kultural sa kanilang minanang lupain upang matiyak ang kanilang kagalinang ekonomiko, panlipunan, at pangkultura.
Maaaring magtakda ang Kongreso para sa pagpapairal ng mga nakaugaliang batas hinggil sa mga karapatan o mga ugnayan sa ariarian sa pagtiyak sa pagmamay-ari ng minanang lupain. (Art. XII, Seksyon 5)
Customary Law
Nigeria
- English(1) For the purpose of exercising any jurisdiction conferred upon it by this Constitution or any other law, the Court of Appeal shall be duly constituted if it consists of not less than three Justices of the Court of Appeal and in the case of appeals from –
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(b) a Customary Court of Appeal, if it consists of not less than three Justices of Court of Appeal learned in Customary law. (Sec. 247)