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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Nepal
- EnglishThe non-residential citizenship of Nepal may be so granted to a person who has acquired the citizenship of a foreign country, has resided in a country other than a member state of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, and who or whose father or mother, grandfather or grandmother was previously a citizen of Nepal by decent or birth but subsequently acquired the citizenship of the foreign country that such person may enjoy economic, social and cultural rights in accordance with the Federal law. (Art. 14)
- Nepaliविदेशी मुलुकको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको दक्षिण एशियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठनको सदस्यराष्ट्र बाहेकका देशमा बसोबास गरेको साबिकमा वंशजको वा जन्मको आधारमा निज वा निजको बाबु वा आमा, बाजे वा बज्यै नेपालको नागरिक रही पछि विदेशी मुलुकको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको व्यक्तिलाई संघीय कानून बमोजिम आर्थिक, सामाजिक र सांस्कृतिक अधिकार उपभोग गर्न पाउने गरी नेपालको गैरआवासीय नागरिकता प्रदान गर्न सकिनेछ । (धारा १४)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishAt the commencement of this Constitution, every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and—
(a) who was born in the territory of India; or
(b) either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or
(c) who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years immediately preceding such commencement,
shall be a citizen of India. (Art. 5) - Hindiइस संविधान के प्रारंभ पर प्रत्येक व्यक्ति जिसका भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में अधिवास है और—
(क) जो भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में जन्मा था; या
(ख) जिसके माता या पिता में से कोई भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में जन्मा था; या
(ग) जो ऐसे प्रारंभ से ठीक पहले कम से कम पाँच वर्ष तक भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में मामूली तौर से निवासी रहा है,
भारत का नागरिक होगा। (अनुच्छेद 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
Armenia
- English1. A child born to citizens of the Republic of Armenia shall be a citizen of the Republic of Armenia.
2. Every child whose one parent is a citizen of the Republic of Armenia shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia.
3. Armenians by ethnicity shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia from the moment of establishing residence in the Republic Armenia.
4. Armenians by ethnicity shall acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia through a simplified procedure stipulated by law.
5. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of citizenship. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of the right to change citizenship.
6. The procedure of exercising the rights stipulated by this Article, the other grounds of acquiring citizenship of the Republic of Armenia, and the grounds of termination shall be stipulated by law.
7. The rights stipulated by Part 2-4 and by the second sentence of Part 5 of this Article may be restricted only by law with the aim of protecting state security, preventing or solving crimes, as well as protecting other public interests.
8. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, while outside of the borders of the Republic of Armenia, shall be under the protection of the Republic of Armenia on the basis of international law. (Art. 47) - Armenian1. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիներից ծնված երեխան Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է:
2. Յուրաքանչյուր երեխա, որի ծնողներից մեկը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է, ունի Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
3. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում բնակություն հաստատելու պահից ունեն Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
4. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիությունը ձեռք են բերում օրենքով սահմանված պարզեցված կարգով:
5. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունից: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունը փոխելու իրավունքից:
6. Սույն հոդվածով սահմանված իրավունքների իրականացման կարգը, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիության ձեռքբերման այլ հիմքերը, ինչպես նաև դադարեցման հիմքերը սահմանվում են օրենքով:
7. Սույն հոդվածի 2-4-րդ մասերով, ինչպես նաև 5-րդ մասի 2-րդ նախադասությամբ սահմանված իրավունքները կարող են սահմանափակվել միայն օրենքով` պետական անվտանգության, հանցագործությունների կանխման կամ բացահայտման, ինչպես նաև այլ հանրային շահերի պաշտպանության նպատակով:
8. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիները Հայաստանի Հանրապետության սահմաններից դուրս, միջազգային իրավունքի հիման վրա, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության ներքո են: (Հոդված 47)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cyprus
- English1. The following provisions shall have effect until a law of citizenship is made incorporating such provisions—
a. any matter relating to citizenship shall be governed by the provisions of Annex D to the Treaty of Establishment;
b. any person born in Cyprus, on or after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, shall become on the date of his birth a citizen of the Republic if on that date his father has become a citizen of the Republic or would but for his death have become such a citizen under the provisions of Annex D to the Treaty of Establishment.
2. For the purposes of this Article "Treaty of Establishment" means the Treaty concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus between the Republic, the Kingdom of Greece, the Republic of Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (Art. 198) - Greek1. Αι επόμεναι διατάξεις ισχύουσι, μέχρις ου ψηφισθή νόμος περί ιθαγενείας περιλαμβάνων τας διατάξεις ταύτας:
(α) παν θέμα αναφερόμενον εις την ιθαγένειαν διέπεται υπό των διατάξεων του παραρτήματος Δ της συνθήκης εγκαθιδρύσεως, και
(β) ο γεννώμενος εν Κύπρω κατά την ημερομηνίαν ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος ή μετ’ αυτήν αποκτά δια της γεννήσεως την ιθαγένειαν της Δημοκρατίας, εάν ο πατήρ αυτού είχεν αποκτήσει την ιθαγένειαν της Δημοκρατίας, κατά την ημερομηνίαν ταύτην ή θα απέκτα τοιαύτην ιθαγένειαν δυνάμει των διατάξεων του παραρτήματος Δ της συνθήκης εγκαθιδρύσεως, εάν δεν είχεν αποθάνει.
2. Εν τω παρόντι άρθρω «συνθήκη εγκαθιδρύσεως» σημαίνει την συνθήκην μεταξύ της Δημοκρατίας της Κύπρου, του Βασιλείου της Ελλάδος, της Δημοκρατίας της Τουρκίας και του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου της Μεγάλης Βρεταννίας και Βορείου Ιρλανδίας, την αναφερομένην εις την εγκαθίδρυσιν της Δημοκρατίας της Κύπρου. (Αρθρον 198) - Turkish1. Aşağıdaki hükümler, bu hükümleri içine alan bir vatandaşlık kanunu yapılıncaya kadar, yürürlükte olur:-
a. vatandaşlığa dair herhangi bir konu, Kuruluş Anlaşmasının ‘D’ Ekinin hükümlerine tabi olur;
b. bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte veya ondan sonra Kıbrıs’ta doğan herhangi bir şahıs, doğumu tarihinde babası Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı ise veya ölmemiş olsa idi Kuruluş Anlaşmasının ‘D’ Eki hükümleri gereğince Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı olacak idi ise, doğumu tarihinde Cumhuriyetin bir vatandaşı olur.
2. Bu Madde çerçevesinde "Kuruluş Anlaşması ", Cumhuriyet ile Yunanistan Krallığı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda Birleşik Krallığı arasındaki Kıbrıs Cumhuriyetinin Kuruluşuna dair Anlaşmayı ifade eder. (Madde 198)
Citizenship and Nationality
Maldives
- English(a) The following persons are citizens of the Maldives:
1. citizens of the Maldives at the commencement of this Constitution;
2. children born to a citizen of the Maldives; and
3. foreigners who, in accordance with the law, become citizens of the Maldives.
(b) No citizen of the Maldives may be deprived of citizenship.
(c) Any person who wishes to relinquish his citizenship may do so in accordance with law.
(d) Despite the provisions of article (a) a non-Muslim may not become a citizen of the Maldives. (Art. 9) - Dhivehi(ހ) ތިރީގައި މިވާ މީހުންނަކީ ދިވެހި ރައްޔިތުންނެވެ
. 1. މިޤާނޫނޫ އަސާސީއަށް ޢަމަލުކުރާން ފަށާއިރު ދިވެހި ރައްރިތެއް ކަމުގައިވާ ކޮންމެ މީހެއް.
2. ދިވެހިރައްޔިތަކަށް އުފަން ކޮންމެ މީހެއް
3. ޤާނޫނުގައިވާ ގޮތުގެމަތީން ދިވެހި ރައްޔިތަކަށްވެއްޖެ ކޮންމެ ބިދޭސީއެއް
(ށ) ދިވެހިރައްޔިތެއްގެ ކިބައިން ދިވެހިރައްޔިތުކަން ނިގުޅައެއް ނުގަނެވޭނެއެވެ.
(ނ) ދިވެހިރައްޔިތުކަން ދޫކޮށްލަން އެދޭ ކޮންމެ މީހަކަށް ޤާނޫނުގައިވާ ގޮތުގެމަތީން ދިވެހިރައްޔިތުކަން ދޫކޮށްލެވިދާނެއެވެ.
(ރ) މި މާއްދާގެ (ހ) ގައި އެހެން އޮތްނަމަވެސް މުސްލިމަކަށް މެނުވީ ދިވެހިރައްޔިތަކަށް ނުވެވޭނެއެވެ (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 9 ވަނަ މާއްދާ).
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) The Government may, by order, deprive a citizen of Singapore of his citizenship if the Government is satisfied that —
(a) he has, while of or over the age of 18 years, at any time after 6th April 1960 acquired by registration, naturalisation or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any country outside Singapore or having so acquired such citizenship before the age of 18 years continues to retain it after that age; or
(b) the citizen, being a woman who is a citizen of Singapore by registration under Article 123(2), has acquired the citizenship of any country outside Singapore by virtue of her marriage to a person who is not a citizen of Singapore.
… (Art. 134)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishNothing in the foregoing provisions of this Part shall derogate from the power of Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship. (Art. 11)
- Hindiइस भाग के पूर्वगामी उपबंधों की कोई बात नागरिकता के अर्जन और समाप्ति के तथा नागरिकता से संबंधित अन्य सभी विषयों के संबंध में उपबंध करने की संसद की शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं करेगी। (अनुच्छेद 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Subject to Article 18, any married woman whose husband is a citizen is entitled, upon making application to the Federal Government, to be registered as a citizen if the marriage was subsisting and the husband a citizen at the beginning of October 1962, or if she satisfies the Federal Government—
(a) that she has resided in the Federation throughout the two years preceding the date of the application and intends to do so permanently; and
(b) that she is of good character.
(2) Subject to Article 18, the Federal Government may cause any person under the age of twenty-one years of whose parents one at least is (or was at death) a citizen to be registered as a citizen upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian.
(3) Subject to Article 18, a person under the age of twenty-one years who was born before the beginning of October 1962, and whose father is (or was at his death) a citizen and was also a citizen at the beginning of that month (if then alive), is entitled upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian, to be registered as a citizen if the Federal Government is satisfied that he is ordinarily resident in the Federation and is of good character.
(4) For the purposes of Clause (1) residence before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak shall be treated as residence in the Federation.
(5) The reference in Clause (1) to a married woman is a reference to a woman whose marriage has been registered in accordance with any written law in force in the Federation, including any such law in force before Merdeka Day, or with any written law in force before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak:
Provided that this Clause shall not apply where the woman applies to be registered as a citizen before the beginning of September 1965, or such later date as may be fixed by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and is at the date of the application ordinarily resident in the States of Sabah and Sarawak. (Art. 15) - Malay(1) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh mana-mana perempuan bersuami yang suaminya seorang warganegara, maka perempuan itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika perkahwinan itu masih wujud dan suaminya itu seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan Oktober 1962, atau jika dia memuaskan hati Kerajaan Persekutuan—
(a) bahawa dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan sepanjang tempoh dua tahun sebelum tarikh permohonan itu dan berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap; dan
(b) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik.
(2) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga mana-mana orang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh menyebabkan orang itu didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika sekurang-kurangnya salah seorang daripada ibu bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara.
(3) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga seseorang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka orang itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika dia dilahirkan sebelum permulaan bulan Oktober 1962 dan bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara dan juga seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan itu (jika hidup pada masa itu), dan jika Kerajaan Persekutuan berpuas hati bahawa orang itu biasanya bermastautin di Persekutuan dan berkelakuan baik.
(4) Bagi maksud Fasal (1), kemastautinan sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak hendaklah dikira sebagai kemastautinan di Persekutuan.
(5) Sebutan dalam Fasal (1) mengenai perempuan bersuami ialah sebutan mengenai perempuan yang perkahwinannya telah didaftarkan mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa di Persekutuan, termasuklah mana-mana undang-undang sedemikian yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Merdeka, atau mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak:
Dengan syarat bahawa Fasal ini tidaklah terpakai jika perempuan itu memohon supaya didaftarkan sebagai warganegara sebelum permulaan bulan September 1965, atau apa-apa tarikh kemudiannya sebagaimana yang ditetapkan melalui perintah oleh Yang di-Pertuan Agong, dan jika pada tarikh permohonan itu dia biasanya bermastautin di Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak. (Perkara 15)
Citizenship and Nationality
Thailand
- English… The revocation of Thai nationality acquired by birth shall not be permitted. (Sec. 39)
- Thai… การถอนสัญชาติของบุคคลซึ่งมีสัญชาติไทยโดยการเกิดจะกระทํามิได้ (มาตรา ๓๙)
Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishCitizenship, naturalization and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by law. (Sec. 346)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်ခြင်း၊ နိုင်ငံသားပြုခြင်းနှင့် နိုင်ငံသားအဖြစ်မှရပ်စဲခြင်းတို့သည် ဥပဒေဖြင့် ပြဌာန်းသည့်အတိုင်း ဖြစ်စေရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၆)