SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The High Court—
…
(c) may decide constitutional matters except those that only the Constitutional Court may decide;
… (Sec. 171)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court tries:
a) Appeals of unconstitutionality against laws, executive regulations and the Rules of Procedure of the General Council.
b) Requests of preliminary opinion of unconstitutionality about international laws and treaties.
c) Processes of constitutional appeal.
d) Conflicts of jurisdiction between constitutional organs. To this effect the Coprinces, the General Council, the Government, the High Court of Justice and the Local Councils are considered as constitutional organs. (Art. 98) - CatalanEl Tribunal Constitucional coneix:
a) Dels processos d'inconstitucionalitat contra les lleis, els decrets legislatius i el reglament del Consell General.
b) Dels requeriments de dictamen previ d'inconstitucionalitat sobre lleis i tractats internacionals.
c) Dels processos d'empara constitucional.
d) Dels conflictes de competències entre els òrgans constitucionals. A aquests efectes, es consideren òrgans constitucionals els coprínceps, el Consell General, el Govern, el Consell Superior de la Justícia i els Comuns. (Art. 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall, in general be responsible for the administration of justice in legal and constitutional matters, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. The Constitutional Court shall be responsible for:
a) Assessing the constitutionality of any rules and other acts of the state;
b) Providing a prior review of the constitutionality of the laws of parliament;
c) Exercising jurisdiction in other legal and constitutional, electoral and party political matters, under the terms of the Constitution and the law;
d) Assessing appeals against the constitutionality of the decisions of the various courts which have refused to apply particular rules on the grounds that they are unconstitutional;
e) Assessing appeals against the constitutionality of rulings made by the various courts that have applied rules whose constitutionality has been questioned during the relevant proceedings.
… (Art. 180) - Portuguese1. Ao Tribunal Constitucional compete, em geral, administrar a justiça em matérias de natureza jurídico-constitucional, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. Compete ao Tribunal Constitucional:
a) Apreciar a constitucionalidade de quaisquer normas e demais actos do Estado;
b) Apreciar preventivamente a constitucionalidade das leis do parlamento;
c) Exercer jurisdição sobre outras questões de natureza jurídicoconstitucional, eleitoral e político-partidária, nos termos da Constituição e da lei;
d) Apreciar em recurso a constitucionalidade das decisões dos demais Tribunais que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
e) Apreciar em recurso a constitucionalidade das decisões dos demais Tribunais que apliquem normas cuja constitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
… (Art. 180)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court pronounces judgment on the unconstitutionality
1. of laws
a) on application of a court;
b) ex officio in so far as he will have to apply such a law in a suit pending before him;
c) on application by a person who alleges to have infringement of his rights directly by unconstitutionality, if the ordinance has become effective without a judicial decision having been rendered or a ruling having been rendered has become effective for this person;
d) on application by a person who, as a party in a legal matter that has been decided by a court of justice of first instance, alleges infringement of his rights because of the application of an unconstitutional law, on the occasion of an appeal filed against that decision;
(2) of federal laws also on application by a Provincial Government, a third of the members of the National Council or a third of the members of the Federal Council.
(3) of provincial legislation also at the request of the Federal Government or, if the constitutional law of a province so provides, at the request of a third of the members of the Provincial Parliament.
… (Art. 140) - German
(1) Der Verfassungsgerichtshof erkennt über Verfassungswidrigkeit
1. von Gesetzen
a) auf Antrag eines Gerichtes;
b) von Amts wegen, wenn er das Gesetz in einer bei ihm anhängigen Rechtssache anzuwenden hätte;
c) auf Antrag einer Person, die unmittelbar durch diese Verfassungswidrigkeit in ihren Rechten verletzt zu sein behauptet, wenn das Gesetz ohne Fällung einer gerichtlichen Entscheidung oder ohne Erlassung eines Bescheides für diese Person wirksam geworden ist;
d) auf Antrag einer Person, die als Partei einer von einem ordentlichen Gericht in erster Instanz entschiedenen Rechtssache wegen Anwendung eines verfassungswidrigen Gesetzes in ihren Rechten verletzt zu sein behauptet, aus Anlass eines gegen diese Entscheidung erhobenen Rechtsmittels;
2. von Bundesgesetzen auch auf Antrag einer Landesregierung, eines Drittels der Mitglieder des Nationalrates oder eines Drittels der Mitglieder des Bundesrates;
3. von Landesgesetzen auch auf Antrag der Bundesregierung oder, wenn dies landesverfassungsgesetzlich vorgesehen ist, auf Antrag eines Drittels der Mitglieder des Landtages.
… (Art. 140)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
…
Sovereignty is exercised in accordance with this Constitution which is the Supreme Law of the State.
Any law, any regulatory text and any administrative act contrary to these provisions is null and void. Consequently, any citizen has the right to present himself before the Constitutional Court against the laws, texts and acts presumed unconstitutional. (Art. 3) - French
…
La souveraineté s'exerce conformément à la présente Constitution qui est la Loi Suprême de l'Etat.
Toute loi, tout texte réglementaire et tout acte administratif contraires à ces dispositions sont nuls et non avenus. En conséquence, tout citoyen a le droit de se pourvoir devant la Cour constitutionnelle contre les lois, textes et actes présumés inconstitutionnels. (Art. 3)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishA Constitutional Court is instituted. (Art. 157)
- FrenchIl est institué une Cour constitutionnelle. (Art. 157)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAttributions of the Constitutional Tribunal are:
1. To exercise the control of constitutionality of the laws that interpret any precept of the Constitution, of the constitutional organic laws and of the norms of a treaty which concern matters belonging to the latter, prior to their promulgation;
2. To resolve concerning the questions of constitutionality of the original decisions adopted by the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal and the Qualifying Tribunal of Elections;
3. To resolve the questions concerning constitutionality which arise during the processing of the Bills of law or of constitutional reform and of the treaties submitted to the approval of the Congress;
4. To resolve the questions which arise concerning the constitutionality of a decree with the force of law;
5. To resolve the questions which arise concerning the constitutionality [of] the convocation to a plebiscite, without prejudice to the attributions which correspond to the Qualifying Tribunal of Elections;
6. To resolve, by the majority of its members in office, [on] the inapplicability of a legal precept having application in any measure that is taken before an ordinary or special tribunal, [having a] result contrary to the Constitution;
7. To resolve, by the majority of four-fifths of its members in office, [on] the unconstitutionality of a legal precept declared inapplicable in conformity with that provided in the previous Numeral;
8. To resolve the complaints in case the President of the Republic does not promulgate a law when he should do so or [when] he promulgates a text different from that which constitutionally corresponds;
9. To resolve [the questions] concerning the constitutionality of a decree or resolution of the President of the Republic which the Office of the Comptroller General has objected to [representar] as[,] in its opinion [estimar][,] unconstitutional, when it is required by the President in conformity with Article 99;
10. To declare the unconstitutionality of the organizations and of the movements or political parties, as well as the responsibility of the persons who have participated in the acts which motivated the declaration of unconstitutionality, in conformity with that provided in the sixth, seventh and eighth paragraphs of Numeral 15 of Article 19 of this Constitution. However, if the affected person is the President of the Republic or the President-elect, the declaration referred to will require, also, the agreement of the Senate adopted by the majority of its members in office;
11. To report to the Senate in the cases to which Article 53, Numeral 7, of this Constitution, refers;
12. To resolve the conflicts of competence which arise between the political or administrative authorities and the tribunals of justice, which do not correspond to the Senate [to resolve];
13. To resolve concerning the constitutional or legal ineligibilities [inhabilidades] which affect a person [from] being appointed Minister of State, [from] remaining in that post, or [from] performing other functions simultaneously;
14. To decide concerning the ineligibilities, incompatibilities and grounds for cessation [of] the responsibilities of the parliamentarians;
15. To qualify the ineligibility invoked by a parliamentarian in the terms of the final paragraph of Article 60 and decide concerning the renunciation of the responsibilities, and
16. To resolve concerning the constitutionality of the supreme decrees, whatever the alleged defect may be, including those that may be issued in the exercise of the independent regulatory power of the President of the Republic, when they concern matters that may be reserved to the law by mandate of Article 63.
In the case of Numeral 1, the Chamber of origin will forward to the Constitutional Tribunal the respective Bill within the five days following the [day] on which it is totally processed by the Congress.3
… (Art. 93) - SpanishSon atribuciones del Tribunal Constitucional:
1º.- Ejercer el control de constitucionalidad de las leyes que interpreten algún precepto de la Constitución, de las leyes orgánicas constitucionales y de las normas de un tratado que versen sobre materias propias de estas últimas, antes de su promulgación;
2º.- Resolver sobre las cuestiones de constitucionalidad de los autos acordados dictados por la Corte Suprema, las Cortes de Apelaciones y el Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones;
3º.- Resolver las cuestiones sobre constitucionalidad que se susciten durante la tramitación de los proyectos de ley o de reforma constitucional y de los tratados sometidos a la aprobación del Congreso;
4º.- Resolver las cuestiones que se susciten sobre la constitucionalidad de un decreto con fuerza de ley;
5º.- Resolver las cuestiones que se susciten sobre constitucionalidad con relación a la convocatoria a un plebiscito, sin perjuicio de las atribuciones que correspondan al Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones;
6°.- Resolver, por la mayoría de sus miembros en ejercicio, la inaplicabilidad de un precepto legal cuya aplicación en cualquier gestión que se siga ante un tribunal ordinario o especial, resulte contraria a la Constitución;
7º.- Resolver por la mayoría de los cuatro quintos de sus integrantes en ejercicio, la inconstitucionalidad de un precepto legal declarado inaplicable en conformidad a lo dispuesto en el numeral anterior;
8º.- Resolver los reclamos en caso de que el Presidente de la República no promulgue una ley cuando deba hacerlo o promulgue un texto diverso del que constitucionalmente corresponda;
9º.- Resolver sobre la constitucionalidad de un decreto o resolución del Presidente de la República que la Contraloría General de la República haya representado por estimarlo inconstitucional, cuando sea requerido por el Presidente en conformidad al artículo 99;
10°.- Declarar la inconstitucionalidad de las organizaciones y de los movimientos o partidos políticos, como asimismo la responsabilidad de las personas que hubieran tenido participación en los hechos que motivaron la declaración de inconstitucionalidad, en conformidad a lo dispuesto en los párrafos sexto, séptimo y octavo del Nº 15º del artículo 19 de esta Constitución. Sin embargo, si la persona afectada fuera el Presidente de la República o el Presidente electo, la referida declaración requerirá, además, el acuerdo del Senado adoptado por la mayoría de sus miembros en ejercicio;
11º.- Informar al Senado en los casos a que se refiere el artículo 53 número 7) de esta Constitución;
12º.- Resolver las contiendas de competencia que se susciten entre las autoridades políticas o administrativas y los tribunales de justicia, que no correspondan al Senado;
13º.- Resolver sobre las inhabilidades constitucionales o legales que afecten a una persona para ser designada Ministro de Estado, permanecer en dicho cargo o desempeñar simultáneamente otras funciones;
14º.- Pronunciarse sobre las inhabilidades, incompatibilidades y causales de cesación en el cargo de los parlamentarios;
15º.- Calificar la inhabilidad invocada por un parlamentario en los términos del inciso final del artículo 60 y pronunciarse sobre su renuncia al cargo, y
16°.- Resolver sobre la constitucionalidad de los decretos supremos, cualquiera sea el vicio invocado, incluyendo aquellos que fueren dictados en el ejercicio de la potestad reglamentaria autónoma del Presidente de la República cuando se refieran a materias que pudieran estar reservadas a la ley por mandato del artículo 63.
En el caso del número 1º, la Cámara de origen enviará al Tribunal Constitucional el proyecto respectivo dentro de los cinco días siguientes a aquél en que quede totalmente tramitado por el Congreso.
... (Art. 93)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Chancellor of Justice is a government official who scrutinises legislative instruments of the legislative and executive branch of government and of local authorities for conformity with the Constitution and the laws, and who is independent in discharging his or her duties.
… (Sec. 139) - EstonianÕiguskantsler on oma tegevuses sõltumatu ametiisik, kes teostab järelevalvet seadusandliku ja täidesaatva riigivõimu ning kohaliku omavalitsuse õigustloovate aktide põhiseadusele ja seadustele vastavuse üle.
… (§ 139)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the jurisdiction of the State in constitutional matters.
It is the judge of the constitutionality of the laws and interprets the Constitution. (Art. 231) - KirundiSentare yuhabiriza lbwirizwa shingiro niyo Sentare y’igihugu iraba ivyerekeye Ibwirizwa Shingiro.
Ni yo igenzura y’uko amabwirizwa ashingwa adaciye kubiri n’Ibwirizwa Shingiro ikongera igatanga insiguro yaryo iyo bikenewe. (Ingingo ya 231) - FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle est la juridiction de l’Etat en matière constitutionnelle.
Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité des lois et interprète la Constitution. (Art. 231)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Council of Constitutional Inquiry shall have powers to investigate constitutional disputes. Should the Council, upon consideration of the matter, find it necessary to interpret the Constitution, it shall submit its recommendations thereon to the House of the Federation.
2. Where any Federal or State law is contested as being unconstitutional and such a dispute is submitted to it by any court or interested party, the Council shall consider the matter and submit it to the House of the Federation for a final decision.
3. When issues of constitutional interpretation arise in the courts, the Council shall:
a. Remand the case to the concerned court if it finds there is no need for constitutional interpretation; the interested party, if dissatisfied with the decision of the Council, may appeal to the House of the Federation.
b. Submit its recommendations to the House of the Federation for a final decision if it believes there is a need for constitutional interpretation.
… (Art. 84) - Amharic
1. የሕገ መንግሥት ጉዳዮች አጣሪ ጉባኤ ሕገ መንግሥታዊ ጉዳዮችን የማጣራት ሥልጣን ይኖረዋል፡፡ በሚያደርገው ማጣራት መሰረት ሕገ መንግሥቱ መተርጐም አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ሲያገኘው ለፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት በጉዳዩ ላይ የውሳኔ ሐሳብ ያቀርባል፡፡
2. በፌዴራሉ መንግሥትም ሆነ በክልል ሕግ አውጪ አካላት የሚወጡ ሕጐች ከዚህ ሕገ መንግሥት ጋር ይቃረናሉ የሚል ጥያቄ ሲነሳና ጉዳዩም በሚመለከተው ፍርድ ቤት ወይም በባለ ጉዳዩ ሲቀርብለት መርምሮ ለመጨረሻ ውሳኔ ለፌዴሬሽኑ ምክር ቤት ያቀርባል፡፡
3. በፍርድ ቤቶች የሕገ መንግሥት ትርጉም ጥያቄ ሲነሳ፣
ሀ/ ሕገ መንግሥቱን መተርጐም አስፈላጊ ሆኖ ሳያገኘው ሲቀር ጉዳዩን ለሚመለከተው ፍርድ ቤት ይመልሳል፤ በአጣሪ ጉባኤው ውሳኔ ቅር የተሰኘ ባለጉዳይ ቅሬታውን ለፌዴሬሽኑ ምክር ቤት በይግባኝ ማቅረብ ይችላል፡፡
ለ/ የትርጉም ጥያቄ መኖሩን ያመነበት እንደሆነ በጉዳዩ ላይ የሚሰጠውን ሕገ መንግሥታዊ ትርጉም ለፌዴሬሽኑ ምክር ቤት ለመጨረሻ ውሳኔ ያቀርባል፡፡
… (አንቀጽ 84)