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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork is a social fact and shall enjoy the protection of the State. The law shall make the necessary provisions for improving the material, moral and intellectual conditions of workers. In order to fulfill this duty of the State, the following principles are established:
1. No law shall establish provisions that affect the intactness and progressive nature of labor rights and benefits. In labor relations, reality shall prevail over forms or appearances.
2. Labor rights are unrenounceable; any action, agreement or convention involving a waiver of or encroachment upon these rights is null and void. Concessions and settlements are possible only at the end of the employment relationship, in accordance with the requirements established by law.
3. When there are doubts concerning application or conflicts among several rules, or in the interpretation of a particular rule, that most favorable to the worker shall be applied. The rule applied must be applied in its entirety.
4. Any measure or act on the part of an employer in violation of this Constitution is null and void, and of no effect.
5. All types of discrimination because of political reasons, age, race, creed, sex or any other characteristic is prohibited.
… (Art. 89) - SpanishEl trabajo es un hecho social y gozará de la protección del Estado. La ley dispondrá lo necesario para mejorar las condiciones materiales, morales e intelectuales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Para el cumplimiento de esta obligación del Estado se establecen los siguientes principios:
1. Ninguna ley podrá establecer disposiciones que alteren la intangibilidad y progresividad de los derechos y beneficios laborales. En las relaciones laborales prevalece la realidad sobre las formas o apariencias.
2. Los derechos laborales son irrenunciables. Es nula toda acción, acuerdo o convenio que implique renuncia o menoscabo de estos derechos. Sólo es posible la transacción y convenimiento al término de la relación laboral, de conformidad con los requisitos que establezca la ley.
3. Cuando hubiere dudas acerca de la aplicación o concurrencia de varias normas, o en la interpretación de una determinada norma, se aplicará la más favorable al trabajador o trabajadora. La norma adoptada se aplicará en su integridad.
4. Toda medida o acto del patrono o patrona contrario a esta Constitución es nulo y no genera efecto alguno.
5. Se prohíbe todo tipo de discriminación por razones de política, edad, raza, sexo o credo o por cualquier otra condición.
… (Art. 89)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe employee-employer relationship shall be based on the ideals of social justice and shall be regulated by law. (Art. 30)
- Arabicالعلاقة بين العمّال وأرباب العمل أساسها العدالة الاجتماعية وينظّمها القانون. (المادّة 30)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe following are determined exclusively by the laws of Ukraine:
…
6) the fundamentals of social protection, the forms and types of pension provision; the principles of the regulation of labour and employment,
… (Art. 92) - UkrainianВиключно законами України визначаються:
…
6) основи соціального захисту, форми і види пенсійного забезпечення; засади регулювання праці і зайнятості,
… (Стаття 92)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll workers have the right to a minimum salary, fixed periodically, for a normal working day, that procures them [a] well-being and [a] dignified existence. The salary will always be equal for equal work in identical conditions of efficiency.
All [matters] relative to the fixing of the minimum salaries will be the responsibility of the technical organ that the law determines. (Art. 57) - SpanishTodo trabajador tendrá derecho a un salario mínimo, de fijación periódica, por jornada normal, que le procure bienestar y existencia digna. El salario será siempre igual para trabajo igual en idénticas condiciones de eficiencia.
Todo lo relativo a fijación de salarios mínimos estará a cargo del organismo técnico que la ley determine. (Art. 57)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) Work is a right, a duty and a matter of honour for every citizen who is capable of working, and everyone shall be paid for his work on the basis of the principle “from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work”.
(2) The State shall endeavour to create conditions in which, as a general principle, persons shall not be able to enjoy unearned incomes, and in which human labour in every form, intellectual and physical, shall become a fuller expression of creative endeavour and of the human personality. (Art. 20) - Bengali(১) কর্ম হইতেছে কর্মক্ষম প্রত্যেক নাগরিকের পক্ষে অধিকার, কর্তব্য ও সম্মানের বিষয়, এবং “প্রত্যেকের নিকট হইতে যোগ্যতানুসারে ও প্রত্যেককে কর্মানুযায়ী”-এই নীতির ভিত্তিতে প্রত্যেকে স্বীয় কর্মের জন্য পারিশ্রমিক লাভ করিবেন৷
(২) রাষ্ট্র এমন অবস্থাসৃষ্টির চেষ্টা করিবেন, যেখানে সাধারণ নীতি হিসাবে কোন ব্যক্তি অনুপার্জিত আয় ভোগ করিতে সমর্থ হইবেন না এবং যেখানে বুদ্ধিবৃত্তিমূলক ও কায়িক-সকল প্রকার শ্র্রম সৃষ্টিধর্মী প্রয়াসের ও মানবিক ব্যক্তিত্বের পূর্ণতর অভিব্যক্তিতে পরিণত হইবে৷ (অনুচ্ছেদ ২০)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishNo discrimination may be made with respect to salary, advantages or conditions of work between Costa Ricans and foreigners, or with respect to some group of workers.
In equal conditions the Costa Rican worker must be preferred. (Art. 68) - SpanishNo podrá hacerse discriminación respecto al salario, ventajas o condiciones de trabajo entre costarricenses y extranjeros, o respecto de algún grupo de trabajadores.
En igualdad de condiciones deberá preferirse al trabajador costarricense. (Art. 68)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English…
The dismissal of woman worker for reason of pregnancy shall be prohibited. Woman shall have the right to take maternity leave with full pay and with guarantee of her seniority in employment and of other social benefits.
The State and the society shall provide women, especially those underprivileged living in rural areas, with opportunities to benefit from assistance for a profession, for medical cares, for their children schooling and for decent living conditions. (Art. 46) - Khmer...
ត្រូវហាមឃាត់មិនឱ្យមានការបញ្ឈប់នារីពីការងារ ដោយមូលហេតុមានគភ៌។ នារីមានសិទ្ធិឈប់សម្រាកនៅពេលសម្រាលកូនដោយទទួលប្រាក់បៀវត្ស និងដោយមានការធានារក្សាសិទ្ធិអតីតភាពក្នុងការងារ និងអត្ថប្រយោជន៍សង្គមផ្សេងៗទៀត។
រដ្ឋ និងសង្គមយកចិត្តទុកដាក់បង្កលក្ខណៈឱ្យនារី ជាពិសេសនារីនៅជនបទដែលគ្មានទីពឹងបានទទួលការឧបត្ថម្ភដើម្បីមានមុខរបរ មានលទ្ធភាពព្យាបាលជំងឺ ឱ្យកូនទៅរៀន និងមានជីវភាពរស់នៅសមរម្យ។ (មាត្រា ៤៦)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWages shall be paid in return for work.
The state shall take the necessary measures to ensure that workers earn a fair wage commensurate with the work they perform and that they enjoy other social benefits.
In determining the minimum wage, the living conditions of the workers and the economic situation of the country shall also be taken into account. (Art. 55) - TurkishÜcret emeğin karşılığıdır.
Devlet, çalışanların yaptıkları işe uygun adaletli bir ücret elde etmeleri ve diğer sosyal yardımlardan yararlanmaları için gerekli tedbirleri alır.
Asgarî ücretin tespitinde çalışanların geçim şartları ile ülkenin ekonomik durumu da gözönünde bulundurulur. (Madde 55)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
Equal access to the functions and to employments within the State is guaranteed to all citizens, with the exception of those linked to national sovereignty and security.
The law establishes the conditions of implementation of this provision. (Art. 67) - Arabic
يتساوى جميع المواطنين في تقلّد المهام والوظائف في الدّولة، باستثناء المهام والوظائف ذات الصلة بالسيادة والأمن الوطنيين.
يحدد القانون شروط تطبيق هذا الحكم. (المــادة 67) - French
L'égal accès aux fonctions et aux emplois au sein de l'Etat est garanti à tous les citoyens, à l’exception de ceux liés à la souveraineté et à la sécurité nationales.
La loi fixe les conditions de mise en œuvre de cette disposition. (Art. 67)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishApart from those cases expressly provided for in other Articles of this Fundamental Law, the following are matters reserved to the law:
…
n) The fundamental principles of … labor rights, and social security.
… (Art. 69) - SpanishAparte de los casos expresamente previstos en otros artículos de esta Ley Fundamental, son materias reservadas a la ley las siguientes:
…
n) Los principios fundamentales de … el derecho laboral y la seguridad social.
… (Art. 69) - FrenchOutre les cas expressément prévus dans d'autres articles de cette Loi fondamentale, les matières suivantes relèvent du domaine de la loi:
…
n) Les principes fondamentaux relatifs… au droit du travail et à la sécurité sociale.
… (Art. 69)