SEARCH DATABASE

The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

ABOUT 211 RESULTS

Minorities

India
  • English
    (1) Seats shall be reserved in the House of the People for—
    (a) the Scheduled Castes;
    (b) the Scheduled Tribes except the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam; and
    (c) the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam.
    … (Art. 330)
  • Hindi
    (1) लोक सभा में निम्नलिखित के लिए स्थान आरक्षित रहेंगे—
    (क) अनुसूचित जातियों के लिए;
    (ख) असम के स्वशासी जिलों की अनुसूचित जनजातियों को छोड़ कर अन्य अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए; और
    (ग) असम के स्वशासी जिलों की अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए।
    … (अनुच्छेद 330)

Minorities

Burundi
  • English
    The Corps of Defense and of Security are open without discrimination to all Burundian citizens who desire to be made part of them. Their organization is based on volunteering [volontariat] and on professionalism.
    During a period to be determined by the Senate, the Corps of Defense and of Security may not include more than 50% of the members belonging to a particular ethnic group, taking into account the necessity to assure the ethnic equilibrium and to prevent acts of genocide and coups d’État. (Art. 263)
  • Kirundi
    Inzego zo kwivuna abansi n’iz’umutekano zakira abanyagihugu bose bashaka kuzinjiramwo atawukumiriwe. Izo nzego zitunganijwe ku buryo zinjirwamwo n’uwubishaka kandi abifitiye ubuhinga n’ubushobozi.
    Mu kiringo gishingwa n’Inama Nkenguzamateka, urwego rw’ukwivuna abansi n’urw’abajejwe umutekano ntizishobora kubamwo abarenga ibice 50 % b’ubwoko bumwe kugira ngo amoko yose aserukirwe, hongere hakingwe ibikorwa bigayitse vy’ihonyabwoko n’ugufata ubutegetsi ku nguvu. (Ingingo ya 263)
  • French
    Les Corps de défense et de sécurité sont ouverts sans discrimination à tous les citoyens burundais désireux d’en faire partie. Leur organisation est basée sur le volontariat et le professionnalisme.
    Pendant une période à déterminer par le Sénat, les Corps de défense et de sécurité ne comptent pas plus de 50% de membres appartenant à un groupe ethnique particulier, compte tenu de la nécessité d’assurer l’équilibre ethnique et de prévenir les actes de génocide et les coups d’Etat. (Art. 263)

Minorities

Nepal
  • English
    (1) The Dalit shall have the right to participate in all bodies of the State on the basis of the principle of proportional inclusion. Special provision shall be made by law for the empowerment, representation and participation of the Dalit community in public services as well as other sectors of employment.
    (2) Provision of free education with scholarship, from primary to higher education, shall be made by law for the Dalit students. Special provision shall be made by law for the Dalit in technical and vocational education.
    (3) Special provision shall be made by law in order to provide health and social security to the Dalit community.
    (4) The Dalit community shall have the right to use, protect and develop their traditional occupation, knowledge, skill and technology. The State shall accord priority to the Dalit community in modern business related with their traditional occupation and provide skills and resources required therefor.
    (5) The State shall once provide land to the landless Dalit in accordance with law.
    (6) The State shall, in accordance with law, arrange settlement for the Dalit who do not have housing.
    (7) The facilities conferred by this Article to the Dalit community must be distributed in a just manner so that the Dalit women, men and Dalit in all communities can obtain such facilities proportionately. (Art. 40)
  • Nepali
    (१) राज्यका सबै निकायमा दलितलाई समानुपातिक समावेशी सिद्धान्तको आधारमा सहभागी हुने हक हुनेछ । सार्वजनिक सेवा लगायतका रोजगारीका अन्य क्षेत्रमा दलित समुदायको सशक्तीकरण, प्रतिनिधित्व र सहभागिताकालागि कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
    (२) दलित विद्यार्थीलाई प्राथमिकदेखि उच्च शिक्षासम्म कानून बमोजिम छात्रवृत्ति सहित निःशुल्क शिक्षाको व्यवस्था गरिनेछ । प्राविधिक र व्यावसायिक उच्च शिक्षामा दलितकालागि कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
    (३) दलित समुदायलाई स्वास्थ्य र सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
    (४) दलित समुदायलाई आफ्नो परम्परागत पेशा, ज्ञान, सीप र प्रविधिको प्रयोग, संरक्षण र विकास गर्ने हक हुनेछ । राज्यले दलित समुदायका परम्परागत पेशासँग सम्बन्धित आधुनिक व्यवसायमा उनीहरूलाई प्राथमिकता दिई त्यसकालागि आवश्यक पर्ने सीप र स्रोत उपलब्ध गराउनेछ ।
    (५) राज्यले भूमिहीन दलितलाई कानून बमोजिम एक पटक जमीन उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्नेछ ।
    (६) राज्यले आवासविहीन दलितलाई कानून बमोजिम बसोबासको व्यवस्था गर्नेछ ।
    (७) दलित समुदायलाई यस धाराद्वारा प्रदत्त सुविधा दलित महिला, पुरुष र सबै समुदायमा रहेका दलितले समानुपातिक रूपमा प्राप्त गर्ने गरी न्यायोचित वितरण गर्नु पर्नेछ । (धारा ४०)

Minorities

Kenya
  • English
    The objects of the devolution of government are—
    …
    (d) to recognise the right of communities to manage their own affairs and to further their development;
    (e) to protect and promote the interests and rights of minorities and marginalised communities;
    … (Art. 174)
  • Swahili
    Malengo ya ugatuzi wa serikali ni-
    …
    (d) kutambua haki ya jamii kusimamia mambo yao wenyewe na kukuza maendeleo yao;
    (e) kulinda na kuimarisha masilahi na haki za watu wenye uwakilishi mdogo katika jamii na jamii za pembezoni;
    … (Kifungu cha 174)

Minorities

Nepal
  • English

    (1) Unless the subject or the context otherwise requires, in this Constitution,-
    (a) "Minority" means ethnic, linguistic and religious groups whose population is less than the percentage specified by the federal law, and includes groups that have their distinct ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics, aspirations to protect such characteristics and subjected to discrimination and oppression.
    …
    (m) "Marginalized" means communities that are made politically, economically and socially backward, are unable to enjoy services and facilities because of discrimination and oppression and of geographical remoteness or deprived thereof and are in lower status than the human development standards under federal law, and includes highly marginalized groups and groups on the verge of extinction.
    … (Art. 306)

  • Nepali

    (१) विषय वा प्रसङ्गले अर्को अर्थ नलागेमा यस संविधानमा,–
    (क) “अल्पसंख्यक” भन्नाले संघीय कानून बमोजिम निर्धारित प्रतिशत भन्दा कम जनसंख्या रहेका जातीय, भाषिक र धार्मिक समूह सम्झनु पर्छ र सो शब्दले आफ्नै जातीय, धार्मिक र भाषिक विशिष्टता भएको, त्यसलाई बचाई राख्ने आकांक्षा रहेका, विभेद र उत्पीडन भोगेका समूह समेतलाई जनाउँछ ।
    ...
    (ड) “सीमान्तीकृत” भन्नाले राजनीतिक, आर्थिक र सामाजिक रूपले पछाडि पारिएका, विभेद र उत्पीडन तथा भौगोलिक विकटताको कारणले सेवा सुविधाको उपभोग गर्न नसकेका वा त्यसबाट वञ्चित रहेका संघीय कानून बमोजिमको मानव विकासको स्तर भन्दा न्यून स्थितिमा रहेका समुदाय सम्झनु पर्छ र सो शब्दले अतिसीमान्तीकृत र लोपोन्मुख समुदाय  समेतलाई जनाउँछ ।
    ... (धारा ३०६)

Minorities

Uganda
  • English
    Minorities have a right to participate in decision-making processes, and their views and interests shall be taken into account in the making of national plans and programmes. (Art. 36)

Minorities

Viet Nam
  • English
    ...
    2. All the ethnicities are equal and unite with, respect and assist one another for mutual development; all acts of discrimination against and division of the ethnicities are prohibited.
    3. The national language is Vietnamese. Every ethnic group has the right to use its own spoken and written language to preserve its own identity and to promote its fine customs, practices, traditions and culture.
    4. The State shall implement a policy of comprehensive development and create the conditions for the minority ethnicities to fully utilize their internal strengths and develop together with the country. (Art. 5)
  • Vietnamese
    ...
    2. Các dân tộc bình đẳng, đoàn kết, tôn trọng và giúp nhau cùng phát triển; nghiêm cấm mọi hành vi kỳ thị, chia rẽ dân tộc.
    3. Ngôn ngữ quốc gia là tiếng Việt. Các dân tộc có quyền dùng tiếng nói, chữ viết, giữ gìn bản sắc dân tộc, phát huy phong tục, tập quán, truyền thống và văn hoá tốt đẹp của mình.
    4. Nhà nước thực hiện chính sách phát triển toàn diện và tạo điều kiện để các dân tộc thiểu số phát huy nội lực, cùng phát triển với đất nước. (Điều 5)

Minorities

Nicaragua
  • English

    ...
    The State recognizes the existence of the indigenous and Afro-descendant Peoples, who enjoy the rights, duties and guarantees consigned in the Constitution[,] and especially, those to maintain and develop their identity and culture, to have their own forms of social organization and to administer their local affairs; as well as to maintain the communal forms of ownership of their lands and the enjoyment, use and yields [disfrute] [of them], all in accordance with the law. For the communities of the Caribbean Coast the regime of autonomy is established in this Constitution.
    ... (Art. 5)

  • Spanish

    ...
    El Estado reconoce la existencia de los pueblos originarios y afrodescendientes, que gozan de los derechos, deberes y garantías consignados en la Constitución y en especial, los de mantener y desarrollar su identidad y cultura, tener sus propias formas de organización social y administrar sus asuntos locales; así como mantener las formas comunales de propiedad de sus tierras y el goce, uso y disfrute, todo de conformidad con la Ley. Para las comunidades de la Costa Caribe se establece el régimen de autonomía en la presente Constitución.
    ... (Art. 5)

Minorities

Croatia
  • English
    The Croatian Parliament shall adopt laws (organic laws) regulating the rights of national minorities by a two-thirds majority of all Members.
    … (Art. 83)
  • Croatian
    Zakone (organski zakoni) kojima se uređuju prava nacionalnih manjina Hrvatski sabor donosi dvotrećinskom većinom glasova svih zastupnika.
    … (Članak 83)

Minorities

Lithuania
  • English
    Ethnic communities of citizens shall independently manage the affairs of their ethnic culture, education, charity, and mutual assistance.
    Ethnic communities shall be provided support by the State. (Art. 45)
  • Lithuanian
    Piliečių tautinės bendrijos savo tautinės kultūros reikalus, švietimą, labdarą, savitarpio pagalbą tvarko savarankiškai.
    Tautinėms bendrijoms valstybė teikia paramą. (45 straipsnis)