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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Tonga
- EnglishNo lease, sub-lease, transfer of a lease or of a sub-lease shall be granted—
(a) without the prior consent of Cabinet where the term is ninety-nine years, or less, or
(b) without the prior consent of Privy Council where the term is over ninety-nine years,
Provided that no consent shall be granted to a lease by a widow of the land of her deceased husband. (Clause 114) - Tongan‘E ‘ikai foaki ha lisi, toe lisi, fetongi ‘o ha lisi pe ‘o ha toe lisi —
(a) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Kapineti ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva pe si‘isi‘i ange ai, pe
(b) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Fakataha Tokoni ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku laka hake ‘i he ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva;
Tuku kehe kuo pau he ‘ikai foaki ha fakangofua ki ha lisi ‘e ha uitou ki he kelekele ‘o hono husepaniti kuo pekia. (Kupu 114)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Morocco
- EnglishAll have the right to the security of their person and of their kin [proches], and to the protection of their assets.
… (Art. 21) - Arabicلكلّ فرد الحق في سلامة شخصه وأقربائه، وحماية ممتلكاته.
... (الفصل 21)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mexico
- EnglishThe Mexicans who have fought [militado] in the Constitutionalist Army, the children and widows of them, and the other persons who have rendered services to the cause of the Revolution or to the Public Instruction, will have preference for the acquisition of parcels [fracciones] of land to which Article 27 refers and right to the discounts that the law specifies. (Transitory Articles, Article Twelfth)
- SpanishLos mexicanos que hayan militado en el Ejército Constitucionalista, los hijos y viudas de éstos, y las demás personas que hayan prestado servicios a la causa de la Revolución o a la Instrucción Pública, tendrán preferencia para la adquisición de fracciones a que se refiere el artículo 27 y derecho a los descuentos que las leyes señalarán. (Artículos Transitorios, Artículo Decimosegundo)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Singapore
- English...
(2) Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
… (Art. 12)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Angola
- English1. Land, which is by origin the property of the state, may be transferred to individuals or corporate bodies, with a view to its rational and full use, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. Access to and use of land by local communities shall be recognised by law.
… (Art. 15) - Portuguese1. A terra, que constitui propriedade originária do Estado, pode ser transmitida para pessoas singulares ou colectivas, tendo em vista o seu racional e efectivo aproveitamento, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. São reconhecidos às comunidades locais o acesso e o uso das terras, nos termos da lei.
… (Art. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Rwanda
- EnglishPrivate ownership of land and other rights related to land are granted by the State.
A law determines modalities of concession, transfer and use of land. (Art. 35) - KinyarwandaUmutungo bwite w'ubutaka n'ubundi burenganzira ku butaka bitangwa na Leta.
Itegeko rigena uburyo bwo kubutanga, kubuhererekanya no kubukoresha. (Ingingo ya 35) - FrenchLa propriété foncière privée et d’autres droits réels grevant la propriété foncière sont concédés par l’Etat.
Une loi détermine les modalités de concession, de transfert et d’exploitation de la propriété foncière. (Art. 35)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Paraguay
- EnglishPrivate property, whose content and limits will be established by the law, attending to its economic and social function, in order to make it accessible to all[,] is guaranteed.
… (Art. 109) - SpanishSe garantiza la propiedad privada, cuyo contenido y límites serán establecidos por la ley, atendiendo a su función económica y social, a fin de hacerla accesible para todos.
… (Art. 109)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Turkmenistan
- EnglishThe property shall be inviolable. Turkmenistan shall recognize the right to private ownership of the land, means of production, and other material and intellectual values. They may also belong to the associations of citizens and the state. The law shall establish the objects that shall be exclusive property of the state.
The state shall guarantee equal protection of all forms of ownership and create equal conditions for their development. … (Art. 12) - RussianСобственность неприкосновенна. Туркменистан признаёт право частной собственности на землю, средства производства, иные материальные и интеллектуальные ценности. Они могут принадлежать также объединениям граждан и государству. Законом устанавливаются объекты, являющиеся исключительной собственностью государства.
Государство гарантирует равную защиту всех форм собственности и создаёт равные условия для их развития. … (Статья 12) - TurkmenEýeçilik eldegrilmesizdir. Türkmenistan ýere, önümçilik serişdelerine, gaýry maddy we intellektual gymmatlyklara hususy eýeçilik hukugyny ykrar edýär. Şeýle hem olar raýatlaryň birleşiklerine we döwlete degişli bolup biler. Döwletiň aýratyn eýeçiligi bolup durýan obýektler kanun bilen bellenýär.
Döwlet eýeçiligiň ähli görnüşleriniň deň goragyny kepillendirýär we olaryň ösmegi üçin deň şertleri döredýär. … (12-njy madda)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cameroon
- English…
(19) Ownership shall mean the right guaranteed to every person by law to use, enjoy and dispose of property.
… (Preamble) - French…
(19) La propriété est le droit d’user, de jouir et de disposer des biens garantis à chacun par la loi.
… (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
South Sudan
- EnglishThe National and state governments shall have legislative and executive competences on any of the matters listed below:
…
27. Regulation of land tenure, usage and exercise of rights in land;
… (Schedule (C): Concurrent Powers)