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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) Any citizen of Nepal may file a petition in the Supreme Court to have any law or any part thereof declared void on the ground of inconsistency with this Constitution because it imposes unreasonable restriction on the enjoyment of any fundamental right conferred by this Constitution or on any other ground; or to have any law or any part thereof made by a Provincial Assembly declared void because it is inconsistent with any law made by the Federal Parliament; or to have any law or any part thereof made by a Municipal Assembly or Rural Municipal Assembly declared void because it is inconsistent with a law made by the Federal Parliament or the Provincial Assembly; the Supreme Court shall have an extra-ordinary power to declare such law to be void either ab initio or from the date of its decision in case the law in question appears to be so inconsistent.
(2) The Supreme Court shall, for the enforcement of the fundamental rights conferred by this Constitution or of any other legal right for which no other remedy has been provided for or for which the remedy even though provided appears to be inadequate or ineffective or for the settlement of any constitutional or legal question involved in any dispute of public interest or concern; have the extraordinary power to issue necessary and appropriate orders, provide appropriate remedies, enforce such right or settle such dispute.
…
(4) Subject to this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, as provided for in the federal law, have the power to originally try and settle cases, hear appeals, test judgments referred for confirmation, revise cases, hear petitions or review its judgments or final orders. While so reviewing the judgements, Justices other than those having handed down the previous judgment shall make such review.
(5) The Supreme Court shall have the power to settle appeals from cases originally heard and settled by a High Court and matters of public importance involving questions of interpretation of the Constitution and law or cases recommended by a High Court, accompanied by its opinion that it is reasonable that decision be made by the Supreme Court.
(6) Other powers and procedures of the Supreme Court shall be as provided for in the federal law. (Art. 133) - Nepali
(१) यस संविधानद्वारा प्रदत्त मौलिक हक उपर अनुचित बन्देज लगाइएकोे वा अन्य कुनै कारणले कुनै कानून यो संविधानसँग बाझिएको हुँदा त्यस्तो कानून वा त्यसको कुनै भाग वा प्रदेश सभाले बनाएको कुनै कानून संघीय संसदले बनाएको कुनै कानूनसँग बाझिएको वा नगर सभा वा गाउँ सभाले बनाएको कुनै कानून संघीय संसद वा प्रदेश सभाले बनाएको कुनै कानूनसँग बाझिएको हँुदा त्यस्तो कानून वा त्यसको कुनै भाग बदर घोषित गरी पाऊँ भनी कुनै पनि नेपाली नागरिकले सर्वोच्च अदालतमा निवेदन दिन सक्नेछ र सो अनुसार कुनै कानून बाझिएको देखिएमा सो कानूनलाई प्रारम्भदेखि नै वा निर्णय भएको मितिदेखि अमान्य र बदर घोषित गर्ने असाधारण अधिकार सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई हुनेछ ।
(२) यस संविधानद्वारा प्रदत्त मौलिक हकको प्रचलनका लागि वा अर्को उपचारको व्यवस्था नभएको वा अर्को उपचारको व्यवस्था भए पनि
त्यस्तो उपचार अपर्याप्त वा प्रभावहीन देखिएको अन्य कुनै कानूनी हकको प्रचलनका लागि वा सार्वजनिक हक वा सरोकारको कुनै विवादमा समावेश भएको कुनै संवैधानिक वा कानूनी प्रश्नको निरूपणका लागि आवश्यक र उपयुक्त आदेश जारी गर्ने, उचित उपचार प्रदान गर्ने, त्यस्तो हकको प्रचलन गराउने वा विवाद टुंगो लगाउने असाधारण अधिकार सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई हुनेछ ।
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(४) यस संविधानको अधीनमा रही सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई संघीय कानूनमा व्यवस्था भए बमोजिम मुद्दाको शुरु कारबाही र किनारा गर्ने, पुनरावेदन सुन्ने, साधक जाँच्ने, मुद्दा दोहो¥याउने, निवेदन सुन्ने वा आफ्नो फैसला वा अन्तिम आदेशको पुनरावलोकन गर्ने अधिकार हुनेछ । त्यसरी पुनरावलोकन गर्दा पहिला फैसला गर्ने न्यायाधीश बाहेक अन्य न्यायाधीशले गर्ने छन् ।
(५) उच्च अदालतले शुरू कारबाही र किनारा गरेको मुद्दाको पुनरावेदन सुन्ने र संविधान र कानूनको व्याख्या सम्बन्धी प्रश्न समावेश भएको सार्वजनिक महत्वको विषय वा सर्वोच्च अदालतबाट निर्णय हुनु उपयुक्त छ भनी उच्च अदालतले आफ्नो राय सहित सिफारिस गरेको मुद्दाको निरूपण गर्ने अधिकार सर्वोच्च अदालतलाई हुनेछ ।
(६) सर्वोच्च अदालतको अन्य अधिकार र कार्यविधि संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा १३३)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) If, on an application for naturalisation as a British citizen made by a person of full age and capacity, the Secretary of State is satisfied that the applicant fulfils the requirements of Schedule 1 for naturalisation as such a citizen under this subsection, he may, if he thinks fit, grant to him a certificate of naturalisation as such a citizen.
(2) If, on an application for naturalisation as a British citizen made by a person of full age and capacity who on the date of the application is married to a British citizen, or is the civil partner of a British citizen the Secretary of State is satisfied that the applicant fulfils the requirements of Schedule 1 for naturalisation as such a citizen under this subsection, he may, if he thinks fit, grant to him a certificate of naturalisation as such a citizen. (British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 6)4
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) There shall be a Supreme Court which shall, in addition to the jurisdiction and powers conferred by this Constitution, have-
(a) original jurisdiction in matters relating to application, contravention, enforcement interpretation of this Constitution;
…
(2) Proceedings in respect of matters relating to the application, contravention, enforcement or interpretation of this Constitution shall take precedence over other matters before the Supreme Court.
… (Art. 125)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer any question involving, arising from, relating to, or in connection with, the meaning, interpretation, purpose, construction, ambit or effect of any of the provisions of this Constitution to the Interpretation Tribunal established in accordance with Clause (7) for its determination.
(2) When any such question arises in any legal proceedings before any court, His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may direct that court to refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal or that court shall refer such question to His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan, with a submission that His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan should refer that question to the Interpretation Tribunal, and upon receiving such reference His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal:
Provided that the court shall not refer such question which has already been decided by the Interpretation Tribunal.
(3) If His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan does not refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal, he shall cause the court by whom the reference thereof was made to be so informed, and the court shall thereupon proceed with the determination of the legal proceedings before it.
… (Sec. 86) - Malay(1) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan apa jua perkara yang melibatkan, berbangkit dari, berkenaan dengan, atau berhubung dengan, makna, tafsiran, tujuan, pengertian, bidang atau kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini kepada Tribunal Tafsiran yang ditubuhkan menurut Fasal (7) untuk diputuskan olehnya.
(2) Apabila sebarang perkara sedemikian timbul dalam mana-mana perbicaraan undang-undang di hadapan mana-mana mahkamah, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh mengarahkan supaya mahkamah itu merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran atau mahkamah itu hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut ke hadapan majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan, dengan suatu penghujahan bahawa Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, dan setelah menerima rujukan tersebut Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan perkara itu kepada Tribunal Tafsiran:
Dengan syarat bahawa mahkamah itu tidak boleh merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, sekiranya perkara tersebut telah pun diputuskan oleh Tribunal Tafsiran.
(3) Jika Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan tidak merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, maka Baginda hendaklah menyebabkan mahkamah yang membuat rujukan mengenai perkara tersebut diberitahu, dan mahkamah itu hendaklah meneruskan perbicaraan di hadapannya.
… (Sec. 86)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Supreme Constitutional Court shall not consider the constitutionality of the laws put by the President of the Republic to a referendum and obtained the approval of the people. (Art. 148)
- Arabicلا يحق للمحكمة الدستورية العليا أن تنظر في دستورية القوانين التي يطرحها رئيس الجمهورية على الاستفتاء الشعبي وتنال موافقة الشعب. (المادّة 148)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe appellate division of the Supreme Court may review cases heard in the national courts, and cases heard in state or local courts if they require interpretation of this Constitution, national law, or a treaty. If a state constitution permits, the appellate division of the Supreme Court may review other cases on appeal from the highest state court in which a decision may be had. (Art. XI, Sec. 7)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest court of law and the guarantor of a uniform enforcement of the law, and has jurisdiction throughout the national territory.
2. It is also incumbent on the Supreme Court of Justice to administer justice on matters of legal, constitutional and electoral nature.
… (Sec. 124) - Tetum1. Tribunál Supremu Justisa nian mak órgaun boot liu iha órgaun ierarkia tribunál judisiál hotu-hotu ninian, no mós fó garantia atu aplika lei oin ida de’it ho jurisdisaun iha nasaun tomak nia laran.
2. Kompete mós ba Tribunál Supremu Justisa nian atu administra justisa ba buat ne’ebé konaba lia jurídiku-konstitusionál no eleitorál.
… (Art. 124) - Portuguese1. O Supremo Tribunal de Justiça é o mais alto órgão da hierarquia dos tribunais judiciais e o garante da aplicação uniforme da lei, com jurisdição em todo o território nacional.
2. Ao Supremo Tribunal de Justiça compete também administrar justiça em matérias de natureza jurídico-constitucional e eleitoral.
… (Art. 124)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to Subsection (4), the Supreme Court shall, on application by an authority referred to in Subsection (3), give its opinion on any question relating to the interpretation or application of any provision of a Constitutional Law, including (but without limiting the generality of that expression)any question as to the validity of a law or proposed law.
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(3) The following authorities only are entitled to make application under Subsection (1):-
(a) the Parliament; and
(b) the Head of State, acting with, and in accordance with, the advice of the National Executive Council; and
(c) the Law Officers of Papua New Guinea; and
(d) the Law Reform Commission; and
(e) the Ombudsman Commission; and
(ea) a Provincial Assembly or a Local-level Government; and
(eb) a provincial executive; and
(ec) a body established by a Constitutional Law or an Act of the Parliament specifically for the settlement of disputes between the National Government and Provincial Governments or Local-level Governments, or between Provincial Governments, or between Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments, or Local-level Governments; and
(f) the Speaker, in accordance with Section 137(3) (Acts of Indemnity).
(4) Subject to any Act of the Parliament, the Rules of Court of the Supreme Court may make provision in respect of matters relating to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under this section, and in particular as to-
(a) the form and contents of questions to be decided by the Court; and
(b) the provision of counsel adequate to enable full argument before the Court of any question; and
(c) cases and circumstances in which the Court may decline to give an opinion.
… (Sec. 19)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution shall be determined by the Court of Appeal sitting as the Constitutional Court.
2. When sitting as a Constitutional Court, the Court of Appeal shall consist of a bench of five members of that Court.
3. A person who alleges that-
a. an Act of Parliament or any other law or anything in or done under the authority of any law; or
b. any act or omission by any person or authority,
is inconsistent with or in contravention of a provision of this Constitution, may petition the Constitutional Court for a declaration to that effect, and for redress where appropriate.
4. Where upon determination of the petition under clause (3) of this article the Constitutional Court considers that there is need for redress in addition to the declaration sought, the Constitutional Court may-
a. grant an order of redress; or
b. refer the matter to the High Court to investigate and determine the appropriate redress.
5. Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any proceedings in a court of law other than a Field Court Martial, the Court-
a. may, if it is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law; and
b. shall, if any party to the proceedings requests it to do so,
refer the question to the constitutional court for decision in accordance with clause (1) of this article.
6. Where any question is referred to the constitutional court under clause (5) of this article, the constitutional court shall give its decision on the question, and the court in which the question arises shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision.
… (Art. 137)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Constitutional Court decides on:
a) compatibility of the law with the Constitution or with international agreements, as foreseen in Article 122;
b) compatibility of international agreements with the Constitution prior to their ratification;
c) compatibility of normative acts of the central and local bodies with the Constitution and international agreements;
ç) conflicts of competencies between state powers, as well as between central government and local government;
d) constitutionality of political parties and other political organizations, as well as their activity, as per Article 9 of this Constitution;
dh) dismissal from duty of the President of the Republic and finding of his/her inability to exercise his/her functions;
e) matters connected to the electability and noncompliance in assuming the functions of the President of the Republic, of deputies, of functionaries of bodies foreseen in the Constitution, as well as to the verification of their election;
ë) constitutionality of the referendum and verification of its results;
f) conclusive adjudication of the complaints of individuals against the acts of the public powers or judicial acts impairing the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, after all effective legal means for the protection of these rights have been exhausted, unless provided otherwise by the Constitution.
2. The Constitutional Court, when recourse being sought for examining a law on the revision of the Constitution, approved by the Assembly according to Article 177, shall control only the compliance with the procedural requirements foreseen in the Constitution. (Art. 131) - Albanian
1. Gjykata Kushtetuese vendos për:
a) pajtueshmërinë e ligjit me Kushtetutën ose me marrëveshjet ndërkombëtare, siç parashikohet në nenin 122;
b) pajtueshmërinë e marrëveshjeve ndërkombëtare me Kushtetutën para ratifikimit të tyre;
c) pajtueshmërinë e akteve normative të organeve qendrore dhe vendore me Kushtetutën dhe me marrëveshjet ndërkombëtare;
ç) mosmarrëveshjet e kompetencës ndërmjet pushteteve, si dhe ndërmjet pushtetit qendror dhe qeverisjes vendore;
d) kushtetutshmërinë e partive dhe të organizatave të tjera politike, si dhe të veprimtarisë së tyre, sipas nenit 9 të kësaj Kushtetute;
dh) shkarkimin nga detyra të Presidentit të Republikës dhe vërtetimin e pamundësisë së ushtrimit të funksioneve të tij;
e) çështjet që lidhen me zgjedhshmërinë dhe papajtueshmëritë në ushtrimin e funksioneve të Presidentit të Republikës, të deputetëve, të funksionarëve të organeve të parashikuara në Kushtetutë, si dhe me verifikimin e zgjedhjes së tyre.
ë) kushtetutshmerinë e referendumit dhe verifikimin e rezultateve të tij;
f) gjykimin përfundimtar të ankesave të individëve kundër çdo akti të pushtetit publik ose vendimi gjyqësor që cenon të drejtat dhe liritë themelore të garantuara në Kushtetutë, pasi të jenë shteruar të gjitha mjetet juridike efektive për mbrojtjen e këtyre të drejtave, përveçse kur parashikohet ndryshe në Kushtetutë.
2. Gjykata Kushtetuese, në rastin kur vihet në lëvizje për shqyrtimin e një ligji për rishikimin e Kushtetutës, të miratuar nga Kuvendi sipas nenit 177, kontrollon vetëm respektimin e procedurës së parashikuar nga Kushtetuta. (Neni 131)