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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Rights and Association
- English
The Nicaraguans who have completed 16 years of age are citizens.
Only citizens enjoy the political rights consigned in the Constitution and in the laws, without greater limitations than those that are established for reasons of age.
... (Art. 47) - Spanish
Son ciudadanos los nicaragüenses que hubieran cumplido dieciséis años de edad.
Sólo los ciudadanos gozan de los derechos políticos consignados en la Constitución y las leyes, sin más limitaciones que las que se establezcan por razones de edad.
... (Art. 47)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe national sovereignty belongs to the people who exercise it by means of universal suffrage, by their elected representatives or by way of referendum. No fraction of the people one fraction of the people, no body of the State or no individual may arrogate its exercise. (Art. 5)
- FrenchLa souveraineté nationale appartient au peuple qui l’exerce au moyen du suffrage universel, par ses représentants élus ou par voie de référendum. Aucune fraction du peuple, aucun corps de l’Etat ni aucun individu ne peut s’en attribuer l’exercice. (Art. 5)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe State recognizes and guarantees within the conditions established by the law, the exercise of the freedoms of association, of assembly and of peaceful demonstration without instruments of violence. … (Art. 30)
- FrenchL'Etat reconnaît et garantit dans les conditions fixées par la loi, l'exercice des libertés d'association, de réunion et de manifestation pacifique et sans instruments de violence. … (Art. 30)
Political Rights and Association
- English…
(3) Every person shall have the right to the freedom to associate, to assemble and to express opinions. (Art. 28E) - Indonesian…
(3) Setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan berserikat, berkumpul, dan mengeluarkan pendapat. (Pasal 28E)
Political Rights and Association
- English(1) Citizens have the right to participate in the administration of public affairs either directly or through the free election of their representatives.
…
(3) The right to vote is universal and equal, and shall be exercised by secret ballot. The conditions for exercising the right to vote shall be provided for by law.
(4) Citizens shall have access, on an equal basis, to any elective and other public office. (Charter, Art. 21) - Czech(1) Občané mají právo podílet se na správě veřejných věcí přímo nebo svobodnou volbou svých zástupců.
…
(3) Volební právo je všeobecné a rovné a vykonává se tajným hlasováním. Podmínky výkonu volebního práva stanoví zákon.
(4) Občané mají za rovných podmínek přístup k voleným a jiným veřejným funkcím. (Listina, Čl. 21)
Political Rights and Association
- English
Peruvians greater than eighteen years [of age] are citizens. For the exercise of citizenship electoral inscription is required. (Art. 30)
- Spanish
Son ciudadanos los peruanos mayores de dieciocho años. Para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía se requiere la inscripción electoral. (Art. 30)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe Republic of Djibouti as composed of the entirety of the persons that it recognizes as members and who have accepted the duties, without distinction of language, of race, of sex or of religion.
The national sovereignty belongs to the Djiboutian people who exercise it through their representatives or by way of referendum. No fraction of the people nor any individual may arrogate the exercise of it.
No one may be arbitrarily deprived of the status of member of the national community. (Art. 3) - Arabicتتألف جمهورية جيبوتي من مجموعة الأشخاص الذين تعترف بهم كأعضاء والذين قبلوا بالواجبات دون التمييز في اللغة أو العنصر أو الجنس أو الدين.
وتعود السيادة الوطنية للشعب الجيبوتي الذي يمارسها من خلال ممثلين أو عن طريق الاستفتاء. لا يجوز لأي جزء من الشعب أو أي فرد الادعاء لنفسه بممارستها.
لا يجوز حرمان أحد تعسفياً من حالة كونه عضواً في المجتمع الوطني. (المادة 3) - FrenchLa République de Djibouti est composée de l'ensemble des personnes qu'elle reconnaît comme membres et qui en acceptent les devoirs, sans distinction de langue, de race, de sexe ou de religion.
La souveraineté nationale appartient au peuple djiboutien qui l'exerce par ses représentants ou par la voie du référendum. Aucune fraction du peuple ni aucun individu ne peut s'en attribuer l'exercice.
Nul ne peut être arbitrairement privé de la qualité de membre de la communauté nationale. (Art. 3)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishEveryone has the right to form non-profit associations and federations. Only citizens of Estonia may belong to political parties.
… (Sec. 48) - EstonianIgaühel on õigus koonduda mittetulundusühingutesse ja -liitudesse. Erakondadesse võivad kuuluda ainult Eesti kodanikud.
… (§ 48)
Political Rights and Association
- English…
(2) Every Commonwealth citizen of the age of eighteen years or upwards who possesses such qualifications relating to residence in the island of Nevis or domicile in Saint Christopher and Nevis as Parliament may prescribe shall, unless he or she is disqualified by Parliament from registration as such, be entitled to be registered as a voter for the purpose of electing members of the Assembly in one (but not more than one) electoral district in accordance with the provisions of any law in that behalf and no other person may be registered as such.
(3) Every person who is registered under subsection (2) in any electoral district shall, unless he or she is disqualified by Parliament from voting in any election of Representatives or of members of the Assembly, be entitled to vote in that electoral district in accordance with the provisions of any law in that behalf and no other person may so vote.
… (Sec. 29)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishAll citizens shall have the right to form non-governmental associations and foundations on democratic basis, which shall acquire legal personality upon notification.
… (Art. 75) - Arabicللمواطنين حق تكوين الجمعيات والمؤسسات الأهلية على أساس ديمقراطى، وتكون لها الشخصية الاعتبارية بمجرد الإخطار.
... (المادّة 75)