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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Head of State
Mauritania
- EnglishThe President of the Republic is the Head of the State. He is of Muslim religion. (Art. 23)
- Arabicرئيس الجمهورية هو رئيس الدّولة و الإسلام دينه. (المادّة 23)
- FrenchLe président de la République est le chef de l'État. Il est de religion musulmane. (Art. 23)
Head of State
Paraguay
- EnglishThe Executive Power is exercised by the President of the Republic. (Art. 226)
- SpanishEl Poder Ejecutivo es ejercido por el Presidente de la República. (Art. 226)
Head of State
Myanmar
- English(a) The President shall be elected by the Presidential Electoral College.
(b) The Presidential Electoral College shall be formed with three groups of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives as follows :
(i) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw with an equal number of representatives elected from Regions and States;
(ii) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw elected on the basis of township and population;
(iii) group formed with the Defence Services personnel Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services for the said two Hluttaws.
(c) Each group shall elect a Vice-President from among the Hluttaw representatives or from among persons who are not Hluttaw representatives.
(d) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and a Body comprising the Heads and Deputy Heads of the two Hluttaws in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall scrutinize whether or not the Vice-Presidents possess the qualifications prescribed for the President.
(e) The Presidential Electoral College comprising all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives shall elect by vote one of the three Vice-Presidents who are Presidential candidates, as the President.
(f) Necessary law shall be enacted for the election of President and Vice Presidents. (Sec. 60) - Burmese(က) နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတကို သမ္မတရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ဖြင့် ရွေးချယ် တင်မြှောက်ရမည်၊
(ခ) သမ္မတရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ကို ပြည်ထောင်စုလွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ် အစုအဖွဲ့သုံးဖွဲ့ဖြင့် အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ဖွဲ့စည်းရမည် -
(၁) တိုင်းဒေသကြီးများ နှင့် ပြည်နယ်များမှ ကိုယ်စားလှယ်ဦးရေတူညီစွာ ရွေးကောက် တင်မြှောက်သည့် လွှတ်တော်ရှိ ရွေးကောက်တင်မြှောက်ခြင်းခံရသော လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ် စားလှယ်များ အစုအဖွဲ့၊
(၂) မြို့နယ်ကိုအခြေခံ၍လည်းကောင်း၊ လူဦးရေကိုအခြေခံ၍လည်းကောင်း ရွေးကောက် တင်မြှောက်သည့်လွှတ်တော်ရှိ ရွေးကောက်တင်မြှောက်ခြင်းခံရသည့် လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ် စားလှယ်များ အစုအဖွဲ့၊
(၃) ဖော်ပြပါလွှတ်တော်နှစ်ရပ်အတွက် တပ်မတော်ကာကွယ်ရေးဦးစီးချုပ်က အမည် စာရင်းတင်သွင့်သည့် တပ်မတော်သားလွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ်များအစုအဖွဲ့။
(ဂ) ယင်းအစုအဖွဲ့တစ်ဖွဲ့စီက ဒုတိယသမ္မတတစ်ဦးစီကို လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ်များ ထဲမှ ဖြစ်စေ၊ လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ်မဟုတ်သူများထဲမှဖြစ်စေ ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက် ရမည်၊
(ဃ) ဒုတိယသမ္မတများသည် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတအတွက်သတ်မှတ်ထားသည့် အရည် အချင်းများနှင့် ပြည့်စုံခြင်း ရှိ၊ မရှိကို ပြည်ထောင်စုလွှတ်တော်နှင့် ပြည်ထောင်စုလွှတ်တွင် ပါဝင်သော လွှတ်တော်နှစ်ရပ်၏ အကြီးအမှူးများနှင့် ဒုတိယအကြီးအမှူးများ ပါဝင်သည့် အဖွဲ့က စိစစ်ရမည်၊
(င) ပြည်ထောင်စုလွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ်အားလုံးပါဝင်သော သမ္မတရွေးချယ် တင်မြှောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့က နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတလောင်းများဖြစ်သည့် ဒုတိယသမ္မတသုံးဦး အနက် မိမိတို့ကြိုက်နှစ်သက်သည့် ဒုတိယသမ္မတတစ်ဦးကို နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတအဖြစ် ဆန္ဒမဲပေး ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ရမည်၊
(စ) ထိုသို့ နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတနှင့် ဒုတိယသမ္မတများရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်နိုင်ရန် လိုအပ် သည့် ဥပဒေကို ပြဌာန်းပေးရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၆၀)
Head of State
Poland
- English1. The President of the Republic shall be elected by the Nation, in universal, equal and direct elections, conducted by secret ballot.
...
3. Only a Polish citizen who, no later than the day of the elections, has attained 35 years of age and has a full electoral franchise in elections to the Sejm, may be elected President of the Republic. Any such candidature shall be supported by the signatures of at least 100,000 citizens having the right to vote in elections to the Sejm.
... (Art. 127) - Polish1. Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej jest wybierany przez Naród w wyborach powszechnych, równych, bezpośrednich i w głosowaniu tajnym.
…
3. Na Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej może być wybrany obywatel polski, który najpóźniej w dniu wyborów kończy 35 lat i korzysta z pełni praw wyborczych do Sejmu. Kandydata zgłasza co najmniej 100 000 obywateli mających prawo wybierania do Sejmu.
... (Art. 127)
Head of State
Nigeria
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive powers of the Federation:
(a) shall be vested in the President and may, subject as aforesaid and to the provisions of any law made by the National Assembly, be exercised by him either directly or through the Vice-President and Ministers of the Government of the Federation or officers in the public service of the Federation;
… (Sec. 5)
Head of State
Trinidad and Tobago
- EnglishThere shall be a President of Trinidad and Tobago elected in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter7 who shall be the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. (Sec. 22)
Head of State
Saudi Arabia
- Englisha. The system of government in Saudi Arabia shall be monarchical.
b. The dynasty right shall be confined to the sons of the Founder, King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (Ibn Saud), and the sons of sons. The most eligible among them shall be invited, through the process of "bai'ah", to rule in accordance with the Book of God and the Prophet's Sunnah.
c. The King names the Crown Prince and may relieve him of his duties by Royal Order.
… (Basic Law, Art. 5) - Arabicأ.نظام الحكم في المملكة العربية السعودية، ملكيّ،
ب. يكون الحكم في أبناء الملك المؤسّس عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمان الفيصل آل سعود و أبناء الأبناء ، و يبايع الأصلح منهم للحكم على كتلب الله و سنّة رسوله صلى الله عليه و سلم،
ج. يختار الملك ولي العهد، و يعفيه بأمر ملكي.
... (النظام الأساسي، المادّة 5)
Head of State
Spain
- English(1) The King is the Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence. He arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions, assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations, especially with those nations belonging to the same historic community, and exercices the functions expressly conferred on him by the Constitution and the law.
… (Sec. 56) - Spanish1. El Rey es el Jefe del Estado, símbolo de su unidad y permanencia, arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones, asume la más alta representación del Estado español en las relaciones internacionales, especialmente con las naciones de su comunidad histórica, y ejerce las funciones que le atribuyen expresamente la Constitución y las leyes.
… (Art. 56)
Head of State
Sierra Leone
- English(1) There shall be a President of the Republic of Sierra Leone who shall be Head of State, the supreme executive authority of the Republic and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
…
(3) The President shall be the guardian of the Constitution and the guarantor of national independence and territorial integrity, and shall ensure respect for treaties and international agreements.
(4) Notwithstanding any provisions of this Constitution or any other law to the contrary, the President shall, without prejudice to any such law as may for the time being be adopted by Parliament, be responsible, in addition to the functions conferred upon him in the Constitution, for—
a. all constitutional matters concerning legislation;
... (Sec. 40)
Head of State
Afghanistan
- EnglishThe individual who becomes a presidential candidate shall have the following qualifications:
1. Shall be a citizen of Afghanistan, Muslim, born of Afghan parents and shall not be a citizen of another country;
2. Shall not be less than forty years old the day of candidacy;
3. Shall not have been convicted of crimes against humanity, a criminal act or deprivation of civil rights by court.
No individual shall be elected for more than two terms as President. The provision of this article shall also apply to Vice-Presidents. (Art. 62) - Dariشخصی كه به ریاست جمهوری كاندید می شود، واجد شرایط ذیل می باشد:
١- تبعۀ افغانستان، مسلمان و متولد از والدین افغان بوده و تابعیت كشور دیگری را نداشته باشد؛
٢- در روز كاندید شدن سن وی از چهل سال كمتر نباشد؛
٣- از طرف محكمه به ارتكاب جرایم ضد بشری، جنایت و یا حرمان از حقوق مدنی محكوم نشده باشد.
هیچ شخص نمی تواند بیش از دو دوره به حیث رئیس جمهور انتخاب گردد. حكم مندرج این ماده در مورد معاونین رئیس جمهور نیز تطبیق می گردد. (مادۀ ۶۲) - Pashtoڅوك چې جمهوري رياست ته كانديدېږي، بايد دلاندنيو شرطونو لرونكى وي:
١- د افغانستان تبعه، مسلمان، له افغان مور او پلار څخه زېږيدلى وي او د بل هېواد تابعيت ونه لري؛
٢- د كانديديدو په ورځ يې عمر تر څلويښتو كلونو لږ نه وي؛
٣- د محكمې له خوا د بشري ضد جرمونو، او جنايت په ارتكاب او يا له مدني حقوقو څخه په محرومۍ محكوم شوى نه وي.
هېڅ شخص نشي كولاى له دوو دورو زيات د جمهور رئيس په حيث و ټاكل شي. په دې ماده كې راغلى حكم د جمهور رئيس د مرستيالانو په برخه كې هم تطبيقېږي. (۶۲ ماده)