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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English1. Women shall be accorded full and equal dignity of the person with men.
…
5. Without prejudice to article 32 of this Constitution, women shall have the right to affirmative action for the purpose of redressing the imbalances created by history, tradition or custom. (Art. 33)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
(1) In this section, discrimination refers to the treatment of different people in different ways wholly or mainly because of their different —
(a) races; or
(b) places of origin; or
(c) political opinions; or
(d) colours; or
(e) religious beliefs or lack of religious beliefs, or
(f) disability; or
(g) sex
in such a way that one such person is for some such reason given more favourable treatment or less favourable treatment than another such person.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Part, and in particular to —
(a) the succeeding provisions of this section;
...
no-one shall be treated in a discriminatory manner.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a law so far as it makes provision —
…
(f) by which any person or group may be given favourable treatment or unfavourable treatment which, having regard to the nature of the treatment and to any special circumstances of the person or group, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society having a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
... (Sec. 27)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) Subject to this Constitution, all citizens have the same rights, privileges, obligations and duties irrespective of race, tribe, place of origin, political opinion, colour, creed, religion or sex.
(2) Subsection (1) does not prevent the making of laws for the special benefit, welfare, protection or advancement of females, children and young persons, members of under-privileged or less advanced groups or residents of less advanced areas.
… (Sec. 55)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishWomen and men have equal rights and responsibilities in the economic, political, cultural, occupational, social, and familial domains, as well as in any other domain. The State guarantees that both will be offered the same opportunities and possibilities.
The State encourages the holistic development of women and their full social participation. It ensures the exercise of their sexual and reproductive rights, protects them from gender-based violence in all of its forms and in all spaces, and creates the institutional and legal mechanisms to do so. (Art. 43) - SpanishLa mujer y el hombre tienen iguales derechos y responsabilidades en lo económico, político, cultural, laboral, social, familiar y en cualquier otro ámbito. El Estado garantiza que se ofrezcan a ambos las mismas oportunidades y posibilidades.
El Estado propicia el desarrollo integral de las mujeres y su plena participación social. Asegura el ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos, las protege de la violencia de género en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones y espacios, y crea los mecanismos institucionales y legales para ello. (Art. 43)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) The State shall endeavour to ensure equality of opportunity to all citizens.
(2) The State shall adopt effective measures to remove social and economic inequality between man and man and to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth among citizens, and of opportunities in order to attain a uniform level of economic development throughout the Republic.
(3) The State Shall endeavour to ensure equality of opportunity and participation of women in all spheres of national life. (Art. 19) - Bengali(১) সকল নাগরিকের জন্য সুযোগের সমতা নিশ্চিত করিতে রাষ্ট্র সচেষ্ট হইবেন৷
(২) মানুষে মানুষে সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক অসাম্য বিলোপ করিবার জন্য, নাগরিকদের মধ্যে সম্পদের সুষম বন্টন নিশ্চিত করিবার জন্য এবং প্রজাতন্ত্রের সর্বত্র অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের সমান স্তর অর্জনের উদ্দেশ্যে সুষম সুযোগ-সুবিধাদান নিশ্চিত করিবার জন্য রাষ্ট্র কার্যকর ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করিবেন৷
(৩) জাতীয় জীবনের সর্বস্তরে মহিলাদের অংশগ্রহণ ও সুযোগের সমতা রাষ্ট্র নিশ্চিত করিবেন। (অনুচ্ছেদ ১৯)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.
(2) For the avoidance of any doubt, a person shall not be discriminated against on the grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, or social or economic standing, political opinion, age or disability.
(3) For the purposes of this section, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, birth, tribe, creed or religion, or social or economic standing, political opinion, age or disability.
(4) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5) Parliament shall not be competent to enact a law that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(5) Nothing in this section shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are necessary for implementing policies and programmes aimed at redressing social, economic or educational or other imbalances in society. (Sec. 20)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishThe exercise of rights shall be governed by the following principles:
…
2. …
The State shall adopt affirmative action measures that promote real equality for the benefit of the rights-bearers who are in a situation of inequality.
… (Art. 11) - SpanishEI ejercicio de los derechos se regirá por los siguientes principios:
...
2. ...
El Estado adoptará medidas de acción afirmativa que promuevan la igualdad real en favor de los titulares de derechos que se encuentren en situación de desigualdad.
... (Art. 11)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishPersons wishing to have a career in the armed forces or police force shall not be discriminated against for admittance. The law shall stipulate the specific requirements for those cases where special skills, knowledge or capabilities are required.
Members of the Armed Forces and the National Police Force shall be subject to specific laws governing their rights and obligations and subject to their system of advancement and promotions based on merit and gender equity criteria. Their job security and professional development shall be guaranteed.
… (Art. 160) - SpanishLas personas aspirantes a la carrera militar y policial no serán discriminadas para su ingreso. La ley establecerá los requisitos específicos para los casos en los que se requiera de habilidades, conocimientos o capacidades especiales.
Los miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas y de la Policía Nacional estarán sujetos a las leyes específicas que regulen sus derechos y obligaciones, y su sistema de ascensos y promociones con base en méritos y con criterios de equidad de género. Se garantizará su estabilidad y profesionalización.
… (Art. 160)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English...
I. The political parties are entities of public interest; … In the nomination [postulación] of their candidatures, the principle of parity of gender will be observed.
The political parties have as [their] objective ... to promote the principle of parity of gender, ... in accordance with the programs, principles and ideas they postulate and by way of universal, free, secret and direct suffrage, as well as the regulations that the electoral law specifies [marque] to guarantee the parity of gender, in candidatures to the different offices of popular election.
... (Art. 41) - Spanish…
I. Los partidos políticos son entidades de interés público; … En la postulación de sus candidaturas, se observará el principio de paridad de género.
Los partidos políticos tienen como fin ... fomentar el principio de paridad de género, ... de acuerdo con los programas, principios e ideas que postulan y mediante el sufragio universal, libre, secreto y directo, así como con las reglas que marque la ley electoral para garantizar la paridad de género, en las candidaturas a los distintos cargos de elección popular.
… (Art. 41)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The political parties and the groupings of political parties legally recognized participate [concourent] in the expression of suffrage. They form themselves and exercise their activity freely, within the framework established by the law, according to the principles of multipartism.
They contribute to the equal access of women, of men, of young [persons] and of the handicapped to the electoral mandates, within the conditions established by the law.
... (Art. 6) - French
Les partis politiques et les groupements de partis politiques légalement reconnus concourent à l'expression du suffrage. Ils se forment et exercent leur activité librement, dans le cadre fixé par la loi, selon les principes du multipartisme.
Ils contribuent à l'égal accès des femmes, des hommes, des jeunes et des handicapés aux mandats électoraux, dans les conditions fixées par la loi.
... (Art. 6)