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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 13222 RESULTS
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Ghana
- English…
(6) The State shall afford equality of economic opportunity to all citizens; and, in particular, the State shall take all necessary steps so as to ensure the full integration of women into the mainstream of the economic development of Ghana.
… (Art. 36)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Nepal
- English(1) All citizens shall be equal before law. No person shall be denied the equal protection of law.
(2) No discrimination shall be made in the application of general laws on grounds of origin, religion, race, caste, tribe, sex, physical condition, condition of health, marital status, pregnancy, economic condition, language or region, ideology or on similar other grounds.
(3) The State shall not discriminate citizens on grounds of origin, religion, race, caste, tribe, sex, economic condition, language, region, ideology or on similar other grounds.
Provided that nothing shall be deemed to prevent the making of special provisions by law for the protection, empowerment or development of the citizens including the socially or culturally backward women, Dalit, indigenous people, indigenous nationalities, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslim, oppressed class, Pichhada class, minorities, the marginalized, farmers, labours, youths, children, senior citizens, gender and sexual minorities, persons with disabilities, persons in pregnancy, incapacitated or helpless, backward region and indigent Khas Arya.
… (Art. 18) - Nepali(१) सबै नागरिक कानूनको दृष्टिमा समान हुनेछन् । कसैलाई पनि कानूनको समान संरक्षणबाट वञ्चित गरिने छैन ।
(२) सामान्य कानूनको प्रयोगमा उत्पत्ति, धर्म, वर्ण, जात, जाति, लिंग, शारीरिक अवस्था, अपांगता, स्वास्थ्य स्थिति, वैवाहिक स्थिति, गर्भावस्था, आरक अवस्था, भाषा वा क्षेत्र, वैचारिक आस्था वा यस्तै अन्य कुनै आधारमा भेदभाव गरिने छैन ।
(३) राज्यले नागरिकहरूका बीच उत्पत्ति, धर्म, वर्ण, जात, जाति, लिंग,आर्थिक अवस्था, भाषा, क्षेत्र, वैचारिक आस्था वा यस्तै अन्य कुनै आधारमा भेदभाव गर्ने छैन ।
तर सामाजिक वा सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिले पिछडिएका महिला, दलित, आदिवासी, आदिवासी जनजाति, मधेशी, थारू, मुस्लिम, उत्पीडित वर्ग, पिछडा वर्ग, अल्पसंख्यक, सीमान्तीकृत, किसान, श्रमिक, युवा, बालबालिका, ज्येष्ठ नागरिक, लैंगिक तथा यौनिक अल्पसंख्यक, अपांगता भएका व्यक्ति, गर्भावस्थाका व्यक्ति, अशक्त वा असहाय, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र र आर्थिक रूपले विपन्न खस आर्य लगायत नागरिकको संरक्षण, सशक्तीकरण वा विकासका लागि कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गर्न रोक लगाएको मानिने छैन ।
... (धारा १८)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Zimbabwe
- English(1) The State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level must endeavour to facilitate and take measures to empower, through appropriate, transparent, fair and just affirmative action, all marginalised persons, groups and communities in Zimbabwe.
(2) At all times the State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level must ensure that appropriate and adequate measures are undertaken to create employment for all Zimbabweans, especially women and youths. (Sec. 14)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Ecuador
- EnglishPolitical parties and movements are non-State public organizations, which constitute the expressions of political plurality of the people and are sustained by philosophical, political, ideological, inclusive and nondiscriminatory concepts.
Their organization, structure and functioning shall be democratic and shall guarantee rotation of power, accountability, and parity membership between women and men on their governing boards. They shall choose their board members and candidates by means of internal electoral processes or primaries. (Art. 108) - SpanishLos partidos y movimientos políticos son organizaciones públicas no estatales, que constituyen expresiones de la pluralidad política del pueblo y sustentarán concepciones filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas, incluyentes y no discriminatorias.
Su organización, estructura y funcionamiento será democráticos y garantizarán la alternabilidad, rendición de cuentas y conformación paritaria entre mujeres y hombres en sus directivas. Seleccionarán a sus directivas y candidaturas mediante procesos electorales internos o elecciones primarias. (Art. 108)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Samoa
- English(1) All persons are equal before the law and entitled to equal protection under the law.
(2) Except as expressly authorised under the provisions of this Constitution, no law and no executive or administrative action of the State shall, either expressly or in its practical application, subject any person or persons to any disability or restriction or confer on any person or persons any privilege or advantage on grounds only of descent, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, social origin, place of birth, family status, or any of them.
(3) Nothing in this Article shall –
…
(b) Prevent the making of any provision for the protection or advancement of women or children or of any socially or educationally retarded class of persons.
… (Art. 15) - Samoan(1) E tutusa tagata uma i luma o le tulafono ma e tofu tatau ona maua le puipuiga tutusa i lalo o le tulafono.
(2) Vagana ai e pei ona faatagaina manino e lenei Faavae, e leai se tulafono ma e leai se gaoioiga a le Malo tau le pulega faatonu po o le tausiga o le a, po o lona faamatalaina manino ai pe faatino mai ai se mafatiaga o so o se tagata po o ni tagata i so o se itu e le mafai ai po o le faasaina po o le tuuina atu i so o se tagata po o ni tagata so o se tulaga aloaia po o le tulaga taugamalie ona o le avea ma mafuaaga lona tupuaga, tane pe se fafine, gagana, lotu, taofi tau upu fai o malo po o se isi lava taofi, mafuaaga faale-vafealoai, nuu na fanau ai, tulaga faale-aiga, po o nisi lava o ia mea.
(3) E leai se mea i lenei Mataupu o le a:
…
(e) taofia ai o le faia o so o se aiaiga mo le puipuiga po o le faagasologa i luma o fafine po o tamaiti po o le vasega o tagata ua telegese le gasologa i luma o lo latou tulaga tau le vafealoai po o le aoaoina.
… (Mataupu 15)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Zambia
- English1. Subject to clauses (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
3. In this Article the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable, wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, sex, place of origin, marital status, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Clause (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
e. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in clause (3) may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
… (Art. 23)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Montenegro
- EnglishThe state shall guarantee the equality of women and men and shall develop the policy of equal opportunities. (Art. 18)
- MontenegrinDržava jemči ravnopravnost žene i muškarca i razvija politiku jednakih mogućnosti. (Član 18)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Switzerland
- English…
3 Men and women have equal rights. The law shall ensure their equality, both in law and in practice, most particularly in the family, in education, and in the workplace.
… (Art. 8) - French…
3 L’homme et la femme sont égaux en droit. La loi pourvoit à l’égalité de droit et de fait, en particulier dans les domaines de la famille, de la formation et du travail.
… (Art. 8) - German…
3 Mann und Frau sind gleichberechtigt. Das Gesetz sorgt für ihre rechtliche und tatsächliche Gleichstellung, vor allem in Familie, Ausbildung und Arbeit.
… (Art. 8) - Italian…
3 Uomo e donna hanno uguali diritti. La legge ne assicura l’uguaglianza, di diritto e di fatto, in particolare per quanto concerne la famiglia, l’istruzione e il lavoro.
… (Art. 8)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Kenya
- English…
(11) The chairperson and vice-chairperson of a commission4 shall not be of the same gender.
… (Art. 250) - Swahili…
(11) Mwenyekiti na makamu mwenyekiti wa tume hawatakuwa wa jinsia moja.
… (Kifungu cha 250)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Gambia
- English…
(4) In the composition of the Government, women shall be fairly represented.
… (Sec. 214)