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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English…
“citizen of Brunei Darussalam” means a subject of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan by virtue of the provisions of any written law relating to nationality;
… (Sec. 2) - Malay…
“warganegara Negara Brunei Darussalam” bermakna rakyat Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan menurut peruntukan-peruntukan sebarang undang-undang bertulis berkenaan dengan kerakyatan;
… (Sec. 2)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishNothing in the foregoing provisions of this Part shall derogate from the power of Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship. (Art. 11)
- Hindiइस भाग के पूर्वगामी उपबंधों की कोई बात नागरिकता के अर्जन और समाप्ति के तथा नागरिकता से संबंधित अन्य सभी विषयों के संबंध में उपबंध करने की संसद की शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं करेगी। (अनुच्छेद 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) If while a person is a minor an application is made for his registration as a British citizen, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, cause him to be registered as such a citizen.
(2) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the requirements specified in subsection (3) or, in the case of a person born stateless, the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of that subsection, are fulfilled in the case of either that person’s father or his mother (“the parent in question”).
(3) The requirements referred to in subsection (2) are—
(a) that the parent in question was a British citizen by descent at the time of the birth; and
(b)that the father or mother of the parent in question—
(i) was a British citizen otherwise than by descent at the time of the birth of the parent in question; or
(ii) became a British citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement, or would have become such a citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement but for his or her death; and
(c) that, as regards some period of three years ending with a date not later than the date of the birth—
(i) the parent in question was in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of that period; and
(ii) the number of days on which the parent in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270.
…
(5) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the following requirements are satisfied, namely—
(a) that at the time of that person’s birth his father or mother was a British citizen by descent; and
(b) subject to subsection (6), that that person and his father and mother were in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of the period of three years ending with the date of the application and that, in the case of each of them, the number of days on which the person in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270; and
(c) subject to subsection (6), that the consent of his father and mother to the registration has been signified in the prescribed manner.
(6) In the case of an application under subsection (5) for the registration of a person as a British citizen—
(a) if his father or mother died, or their marriage or civil partnership was terminated, on or before the date of the application, or his father and mother were legally separated on that date, the references to his father and mother in paragraph (b) of that subsection shall be read either as references to his father or as references to his mother; and
(b) if his father or mother died on or before that date, the reference to his father and mother in paragraph (c) of that subsection shall be read as a reference to either of them.
(British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 3)3
Citizenship and Nationality
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by birth:
1. The child of [a] Costa Rican father or mother born in the territory of the Republic;
2. The child of [a] father or mother Costa Rican by birth, who are born abroad, and who are inscribed as such in the Civil Registry, by the will of the Costa Rican progenitor, while they are minors, or on their own until they turn twenty-five years old;
3. The child of foreign parents born in Costa Rica who are inscribed as Costa Ricans, by the will of either of their progenitors while they are minors, or on their own until they turn twenty-five years old;
4. The infant, of unknown [ignorados] parents, found in Costa Rica. (Art. 13) - SpanishSon costarricenses por nacimiento:
1) El hijo de padre o madre costarricense nacido en el territorio de la República;
2) El hijo de padre o madre costarricense por nacimiento, que nazca en el extranjero, y se inscriba como tal en el Registro Civil, por la voluntad del progenitor costarricense, mientras sea menor de edad, o por la propia hasta cumplir veinticinco años;
3) El hijo de padres extranjeros nacido en Costa Rica que se inscriba como costarricense, por voluntad de cualquiera de sus progenitores mientras sea menor de edad, o por la propia hasta cumplir veinticinco años;
4) El infante, de padres ignorados, encontrado en Costa Rica. (Art. 13)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Lao citizens are persons who hold Lao nationality as provided by the laws.
... (Art. 34) - Lao
ພົນລະເມືອງລາວ ແມ່ນ ຜູ້ມີສັນຊາດລາວ ຕາມທີ່ກໍາໜົດໄວ້ໃນກົດໝາຍ.
... (ມາດຕາ. 34) (ປັບປຸງ)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishA person born of parents one or both of whom are citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia is a citizen and national of the Federated States by birth. (Art. III, Sec. 2)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe following are Dominicans:
1. The sons and daughters of a Dominican mother or father;
2. Those who enjoyed Dominican nationality before the entry into effect of this Constitution;
3. People born in the national territory, with the exception of the sons and daughters of foreign members of diplomatic and consular legations, of foreigners that find themselves in transit or reside illegally in Dominican territory. All foreigners are considered people in transit as defined in Dominican laws.
4. Those born abroad to a Dominican mother or father, notwithstanding having acquired by the place of birth a nationality different from those of their parents. Once having reached the age of eighteen, they may demonstrate their desire, before the appropriate authority, to assume dual nationality or to renounce one of theirs;
5. Those who enter into marriage with a Dominican, as long as they choose the nationality of their spouses and fulfill the requirements established by law;
6. The direct descendants of Dominicans residing abroad;
7. Naturalized people, in accordance with the conditions and processes required by law.
… (Art. 18) - SpanishSon dominicanas y dominicanos:
1) Los hijos e hijas de madre o padre dominicanos;
2) Quienes gocen de la nacionalidad dominicana antes de la entrada en vigencia de esta Constitución;
3) Las personas nacidas en territorio nacional, con excepción de los hijos e hijas de extranjeros miembros de legaciones diplomáticas y consulares, de extranjeros que se hallen en tránsito o residan ilegalmente en territorio dominicano. Se considera persona en tránsito a toda extranjera o extranjero definido como tal en las leyes dominicanas;
4) Los nacidos en el extranjero, de padre o madre dominicanos, no obstante haber adquirido, por el lugar de nacimiento, una nacionalidad distinta a la de sus padres. Una vez alcanzada la edad de dieciocho años, podrán manifestar su voluntad, ante la autoridad competente, de asumir la doble nacionalidad o renunciar a una de ellas;
5) Quienes contraigan matrimonio con un dominicano o dominicana, siempre que opten por la nacionalidad de su cónyuge y cumplan con los requisitos establecidos por la ley;
6) Los descendientes directos de dominicanos residentes en el exterior;
7) Las personas naturalizadas, de conformidad con las condiciones y formalidades requeridas por la ley.
… (Art. 18)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) The persons who have obtained the citizenship of Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution and who are qualified to obtain citizenship in accordance with this Part shall be the citizens of Nepal.
(2) The following person who has his or her permanent domicile in Nepal at the time of commencement of this Constitution shall be the citizen of Nepal by descent:-
(a) A person who has obtained the citizenship of Nepal by descent prior to the commencement of this Constitution;
(b) A person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the time of his or her birth.
(3) A child of a citizen having obtained the citizenship of Nepal by virtue of birth prior to the commencement of this Constitution shall, upon attaining the age of majority, acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent in case the child's father and mother both are citizens of Nepal.
(4) Every minor who is found within Nepal and the whereabouts of whose father and mother are not known shall, until the father or the mother of the child is traced, be a citizen of Nepal by descent.
(5) A person who is born in Nepal to a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and has resided in Nepal and whose father is not traced shall be provided with the citizenship of Nepal by descent.
Provided that in case his or her father is held to be a foreign citizen, the citizenship of such person shall be converted into naturalized citizenship as provided for in the federal law.
(6) A foreign woman who has a matrimonial relationship with a citizen of Nepal may, in case she so desires, acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for in the federal law.
(7) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in the case of a person born to a woman who is a citizen of Nepal and married to a foreign citizen, the person may acquire the naturalized citizenship of Nepal in accordance with the federal law in case he or she has permanently resided in Nepal and has not acquired the citizenship of a foreign country.
Provided that in case such person's mother and father both are citizens of Nepal at the time of acquisition of citizenship, such person born in Nepal may acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent.
(8) In the cases other than those referred to in this Article, the Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the federal law, grant the naturalized citizenship of Nepal.
(9) The Government of Nepal may, in accordance with the federal law, grant the honorary citizenship of Nepal.
(10) Whenever any territory is acquired by way of incorporation into Nepal, a person having his or her domicile within such territory shall, subject to the federal law, become a citizen of Nepal. (Art. 11) - Nepali
(१) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुँदाका बखत नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेका र यस भाग बमोजिम नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न योग्य व्यक्तिहरू नेपालको नागरिक हुनेछन् ।
(२) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुँदाका बखत नेपालमा स्थायी बसोवास भएको देहायको व्यक्ति वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिक ठहर्नेछः–
(क) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुनुभन्दा अघि वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको व्यक्ति ।
(ख) कुनै व्यक्तिको जन्म हुँदाका बखत निजको बाबु वा आमा नेपालको नागरिक रहेछ भने त्यस्तो व्यक्ति ।
(३) यो संविधान प्रारम्भ हुनुभन्दा अघि जन्मको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको नागरिकको सन्तानले बाबु र आमा दुवै नेपालको नागरिक रहेछन् भने निज बालिग भएपछि वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्नेछ ।
(४) नेपालभित्र फेला परेको पितृत्व र मातृत्वको ठेगान नभएको प्रत्येक नाबालक निजको बाबु वा आमा फेला नपरेसम्म वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिक ठहर्नेछ ।
(५) नेपालको नागरिक आमाबाट नेपालमा जन्म भई नेपालमा नै बसोबास गरेको र बाबुको पहिचान हुन नसकेको व्यक्तिलाई वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्रदान गरिनेछ । तर बाबु विदेशी नागरिक भएको ठहरेमा त्यस्तो व्यक्तिको नागरिकता संघीय कानून बमोजिम अंगीकृत नागरिकतामा परिणत हुनेछ ।
(६) नेपाली नागरिकसँग वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध कायम गरेकी विदेशी महिलाले चाहेमा संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता लिनसक्नेछ ।
(७) यस धारामा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि विदेशी नागरिकसँग विवाह गरेकी नेपाली महिला नागरिकबाट जन्मिएको व्यक्तिको हकमा निज नेपालमा नै स्थायी बसोबास गरेको र निजले विदेशी मुलुकका नागरिकता प्राप्त गरेको रहेनछ भने निजले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न सक्नेछ । तर नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्दाका बखत निजका आमा र बाबु दुवै नेपाली नागरिक रहेछन् भने नेपालमा जन्मेको त्यस्तो व्यक्तिले वंशजको आधारमा नेपालको नागरिकता प्राप्त गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(८) यस धारामा लेखिएदेखि बाहेक नेपाल सरकारले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको अंगीकृत नागरिकता प्रदान गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(९) नेपाल सरकारले संघीय कानून बमोजिम नेपालको सम्मानार्थ नागरिकता प्रदान गर्न सक्नेछ ।
(१०) नेपालभित्र गाभिने गरी कुनै क्षेत्र प्राप्त भएमा त्यस्तो क्षेत्रभित्र बसोबास भएको व्यक्ति संघीय कानूनको अधीनमा रही नेपालको नागरिक हुनेछ । (धारा ११)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Persons born in Mozambique after the proclamation of independence are Mozambican nationals.
2. This rule shall not apply to children born of a foreign father and a foreign mother, when either of them is in Mozambique in the employ of the government of his or her country.
… (Art. 24) - Portuguese1. São moçambicanos os cidadãos nascidos em Moçambique após a proclamação da independência.
2. Exceptuam-se os filhos de pai e mãe estrangeiros quando qualquer deles se encontre em Moçambique ao serviço do Estado a que pertence.
… (Art. 24)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) (a) Every person who is immediately before Independence Day an indigenous Solomon Islander shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(b) Every person who was born in Solomon Islands before Independence Day and who has or had two grandparents who are or were members of a group, tribe or line indigenous to Papua New Guinea or the New Hebrides shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(2) Every person who before Independence Day has made, or been included in, an application to the Government for citizenship of Solomon Islands containing the information specified in subsection (4) of this section and who at the time of making such application possessed any of the qualifications specified in subsection (3) of this section shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(3) The qualifications referred to in subsection (2) of this section and subsection (1) of the next following section are that the person concerned, not being an indigenous Solomon Islander, is -
(a) a woman married to an indigenous Solomon Islander; or
(b) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was born in Solomon Islands; or
(c) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person having acquired such status under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965(a) by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered under those Acts, or naturalised as a British subject before 1949, by the Governor of the former protectorate of the Solomon Islands; or
(d) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person whose father possesses, or at his death possessed, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b) or (c) or (d) of this subsection; or
(e) a woman who has been married to a person who possesses, or at his death possesses, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section; or(f) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was deemed to belong to Solomon Islands because such person -
(i) has lawfully resided in Solomon Islands for any period of seven years during which he has not been absent therefrom for a period or periods amounting in all to more than eighteen months and since the completion of such period of residence has not been ordinarily resident continuously for a period of two years or more in any other territory within the Commonwealth in circumstances in which he has acquired or retained a right of residence in that territory; or
(ii) is the wife of a person to whom the foregoing subparagraph applies not living apart from such person under a decree of a court or a deed of separation; or
(iii) is the Child, step-child or child adopted in a manner recognised by law under the age of eighteen years of a person to whom either of the foregoing subparagraphs applies.
(4) The information required to be contained in an application for the purposes of this section and the next following section is as follows -
(a) the name, date and place of birth (so far as is known) of the applicant, of any other person included in the application or of a minor on whose behalf the application is made, together with, where applicable, the date of naturalisation or registration;
(b) a statement by the applicant whether or not he is including in his application his wife and minor children, if any, and in the case of an application including a wife, a statement by her that she consents to her inclusion in the application;
(c) if the applicant is applying on grounds that his father was born, naturalised or registration in Solomon Islands, also the father's name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of the father's naturalisation or registration;
(d) if the application is made by or on behalf of a woman on grounds of marriage to a man who, or whose father, was born, naturalised or registered in Solomon Islands, also the name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of naturalisation or registration of the man and, if necessary, his father;
(e) a statement by the applicant that, if he is resident in Solomon Islands at the time of making application, he intends to continue such residence, or that, if he is not so resident at that time, he regards Solomon Islands as his home country;
(f) a declaration by the applicant of his allegiance to Solomon Islands and his respect for the culture, the language and the way of life of Solomon Islands; and
(g) a statement by the applicant that he intends to renounce any other nationality that he may hold at the time of making application.
... (Sec. 20)