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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Kiribati
- EnglishEvery woman who, having been married to a person who becomes, or would become, or would but for his death or renunciation of his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies have become, a citizen of Kiribati by virtue of section 20 or 21 of this Constitution, acquired the status of citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies, automatically or by registration, on the grounds of that marriage and who possesses that status on the day prior to Independence Day, shall become a citizen of Kiribati on Independence Day. (Sec. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kiribati
- EnglishThe Maneaba ni Maungatabu may make provision—
a. for the acquisition of citizenship of Kiribati by persons who are not eligible or who are no longer eligible to become citizens of Kiribati by virtue of this Chapter;
b. for the renunciation by any person of his citizenship of Kiribati;
c. for the maintenance of a register of citizens of Kiribati who are also citizens of other countries;
d. for depriving of his citizenship of Kiribati—
i. any person not of I-Kiribati descent who is a citizen of Kiribati otherwise than by virtue of this Chapter;
ii. any other person not of I-Kiribati descent who being a citizen of Kiribati has after the day prior to Independence Day acquired another nationality. (Sec. 28)
Citizenship and Nationality
Zimbabwe
- English(1) Persons are Zimbabwean citizens by birth if they were born in Zimbabwe and, when they were born—
(a) either their mother or their father was a Zimbabwean citizen; or
(b) any of their grandparents was a Zimbabwean citizen by birth or descent.
(2) Persons born outside Zimbabwe are Zimbabwean citizens by birth if, when they were born, either of their parents was a Zimbabwean citizen and—
(a) ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe; or
(b) working outside Zimbabwe for the State or an international organisation.
(3) A child found in Zimbabwe who is, or appears to be, less than fifteen years of age, and whose nationality and parents are not known, is presumed to be a Zimbabwean citizen by birth. (Sec. 36)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English…
(2) The Federal Government may by order deprive of her citizenship any woman who is a citizen by registration under Clause (1) of Article 15 if satisfied that the marriage by virtue of which she was registered has been dissolved, otherwise than by death, within the period of two years beginning with the date of the marriage. (Art. 26) - Malay…
(2) Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh melalui perintah melucutkan kewarganegaraan mana-mana perempuan yang menjadi warganegara melalui pendaftaran di bawah Fasal (1) Perkara 15 jika berpuas hati bahawa perkahwinan yang disebabkan olehnya perempuan itu didaftarkan telah dibubarkan, melainkan disebabkan oleh kematian, dalam tempoh dua tahun mulai dari tarikh perkahwinan itu. (Perkara 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Lucia
- English(1) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered as citizens—
(a) any woman who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
…
(e) any woman who is married to any such person as is mentioned in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was entitled to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
(f) any woman who, before the commencement of this Constitution, has been married to a person—
(i) who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 99; or
(ii) who, having died before such commencement, would but for his death have become a citizen by virtue of that section, but whose marriage has been terminated by death or dissolution before such commencement.
(2) The following persons shall, upon making application, be entitled to be registered as citizens—
(a) any man who is married to a citizen or who has been married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married to each other, was a citizen;
(b) any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is and for 7 years previous to his or her application has been ordinarily resident in Saint Lucia;
(c) any man who is married to any such person as is mentioned in subsection (l)(b), (1)(c) or (1)(d) or who was married to a person who, at any time during the period during which they were married too each other, was entitled to apply to be registered as a citizen under any such paragraph;
(d) any person under the age of 21 years who is the stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his or her death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under subsection (l):
Provided that if it is so provided by Parliament an application for registration as a citizen under this subsection may, in such circumstances as may be prescribed by Parliament in the interests of defence, public safety or public order, be refused by the Minister responsible for the matter in any case in which he or she is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for refusing the application.
(3) An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and in the case of a person to whom subsection (2)(d) applies, it shall be made on his or her behalf by his or her parent or guardian:
Provided that if any such person is or has been married, he or she may make the application himself or herself.
… (Sec. 102)
Citizenship and Nationality
Palau
- EnglishA citizen of Palau who is a citizen of another nation shall, within three (3) years after his eighteenth (18) birthday, or within three (3) years after the effective date of this Constitution, whichever is later, renounce his citizenship of the other nation and register his intent to remain a citizen of Palau. If he fails to comply with this requirement, he shall be deprived of Palauan citizenship. (Art. III, Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- EnglishEvery person born in The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 shall become a citizen of The Bahamas at the date of his birth if at that date either of his parents is a citizen of The Bahamas. (Art. 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Oman
- English
Omani nationality shall be regulated by the law. It is not permitted to forfeit it or withdraw it except within the limits of the law. (Art. 19)
- Arabic
الجنسية العمانية ينظمها القانون، ولا يجوز إسقاطها أو سحبها إلا في حدود القانون. (المادة ١٩)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishCitizens of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay are natural or legal. (Art. 73)
- SpanishLos ciudadanos de la República Oriental del Uruguay son naturales o legales. (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
Tonga
- EnglishAny foreigner after he has resided in the Kingdom for the space of five years or more may with the consent of the King take the oath of allegiance and he may be granted Certificates of Naturalization and all naturalized subjects shall have the same rights and privileges as native born subjects of Tonga with the exception that they shall not be entitled to the rights of hereditary tax allotments or town allotments. (Clause 29)
- Tongan‘E ngofua ki he Fale Alea ke fakamaau ‘a e anga ‘o e kau fakafofonga ‘o e Fale Alea pea neongo ‘e ‘ikai katoa ‘a e Fale Alea ‘e ngofua ki he Fale Alea ke fai ‘a e alea mo fokotu‘u ‘a e ngaahi lao mo e fai ‘a e ngaahi ngaue ‘o kapau ‘oku ‘i ai ‘a e vaeua malie ‘o e kau fakafofonga ‘o e Fale Alea pea kapau ‘oku si‘i hifo ‘i he vaeua malie ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e Fale Alea ‘e tutuku ‘a e Fale Alea ‘o tuku ki ha ‘aho kehe, pea ‘i he ‘enau toe fakataha kapau ‘oku ‘ikai te nau tatau mo e vaeua malie ‘e ngofua ki he Tu‘i pe ‘Eiki Sea ‘o e Fale Alea ke fekau fakamalohi ke katoa mai ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e Fale Alea pea kapau ‘oku ‘i ai ha ni‘ihi ‘oku ‘ikai te nau ha‘u leva ‘e ngofua ke tuut‘u‘uni he Fale Alea hanau tautea ‘i he ‘enau talangata‘a. (Kupu 29)