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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Vanuatu
- EnglishOn the Day of Independence the following persons shall automatically become citizens of Vanuatu-
a. a person who has or had four grandparents who belong to a tribe or community indigenous to Vanuatu; and
b. a person of ni-Vanuatu ancestry who has no citizenship, nationality or the status of an optant. (Art. 9) - FrenchDevient automatiquement citoyen de Vanuatu à la date de l'Indépendance:
a) toute personne qui a, ou avait, quatre grands-parents membres d'une tribu ou d'une communauté indigène de Vanuatu;
b) toute personne d'ascendance vanuatuane qui n'a ni citoyenneté, ni nationalité, ni le statut d'optant. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cambodia
- EnglishKhmer citizen shall not be deprived of his/her nationality, …
The acquisition of Khmer nationality shall be determined by law. (Art. 33) - Khmerប្រជាពលរដ្ឋខ្មែរ មិនអាចត្រូវបានដកសញ្ជាតិ។ ...
ការទទួលសញ្ជាតិខ្មែរត្រូវកំណត់ក្នុងច្បាប់។ (មាត្រា ៣៣)
Citizenship and Nationality
Sri Lanka
- EnglishImmigration and Emigration and Citizenship
This would include –
(a) Citizenship, Naturalization and Aliens;
… (Ninth Schedule, List II, Reserved List) - Sinhalaආගමනය හා විගමනය සහ පුරවැසිභාවය
මෙයට පහත දැක්වෙන විෂයයන් ඇතුළත් වේ:-
(අ) පුරවැසිභාවය, පුරවැසිභාවයට ඇතුළත් කිරීම සහ විදේශිකයෝ;
… (නව වෙනි උපලේඛනය, II වෙනි ලැයිස්තුව, සංවෘත ලැයිස්තු)
Citizenship and Nationality
Costa Rica
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by naturalization:
1. The ones who have acquired this nationality by virtue of previous laws.
2. The nationals of other countries of Central American, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans by birth, who have officially resided in the country for five years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
3. The Central Americans, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans that are not so by birth, and the other foreigners who have officially resided in the country for seven years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
4. The foreign woman who by contracting marriage with a Costa Rican loses her nationality.
5. The foreign persons who by marring Costa Ricans lose their nationality or that after being married two years to Costa Ricans, and residing for that same time period in the country, manifest their desire to acquire the Costa Rican nationality.
6. Whoever holds honorary nationality granted by the Legislative Assembly. (Art. 14) - SpanishSon costarricenses por naturalización:
1) Los que hayan adquirido esta nacionalidad en virtud de leyes anteriores.
2) Los nacionales de otros países de Centroamérica, los españoles y los iberoamericanos por nacimiento que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante cinco años y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
3) Los centroamericanos, los españoles y los iberoamericanos que no lo sean por nacimiento y los demás extranjeros que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante siete años como mínimo y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
4) La mujer extranjera que al contraer matrimonio con costarricense pierde su nacionalidad.
5) Las personas extranjeras que al casarse con costarricenses pierdan su nacionalidad o que luego de haber estado casadas dos años con costarricenses, y de residir por ese mismo período en el país, manifiesten su deseo de adquirir la nacionalidad costarricense.
6) Quienes ostenten la nacionalidad honorífica otorgada por la Asamblea Legislativa. (Art. 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cabo Verde
- EnglishNo one who is Cabo Verdean by origin may be deprived of nationality or of the prerogatives of citizenship. (Art. 40)
- PortugueseNenhum cabo-verdiano de origem poderá ser privado da nacionalidade ou das prerrogativas da cidadania. (Art. 40)
Citizenship and Nationality
Liberia
- EnglishThe Legislature shall have the power:
…
h. to establish laws for citizenship, naturalization and residence;
… (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belarus
- EnglishThe House of Representatives shall:
…
2) consider draft laws, including … on citizenship
… (Art. 97) - BelarusianПалата прадстаўнікоў:
…
2) разглядае праекты законаў, у тым ліку … аб грамадзянстве
… (Артыкул 97) - RussianПалата представителей:
…
2) рассматривает проекты законов, в том числе … о гражданстве
… (Статья 97)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- EnglishThe Salvadorans by birth have the right to enjoy the double or multiple nationality.
The quality of [being] Salvadoran by birth is only lost by an expressed renouncement before a competent authority and is recovered by petition before the same [authority]. (Art. 91) - SpanishLos salvadoreños por nacimiento tienen derecho a gozar de la doble o múltiple nacionalidad.
La calidad de salvadoreño por nacimiento sólo se pierde por renuncia expresa ante autoridad competente y se recupera por solicitud ante la misma. (Art. 91)
Citizenship and Nationality
Eswatini
- English(1) A person born in Eswatini after the commencement of this Constitution is a citizen of Eswatini by birth if at the time of birth the father of that person was a citizen of Eswatini in terms of this Constitution.(2) A person born outside Eswatini after the commencement of this Constitution is a citizen of Eswatini if at the time of birth the father of that person was a citizen of Eswatini in terms of this Constitution.(3) A person born outside Eswatini who becomes a citizen by virtue of subsection (2) shall cease to be a citizen if the father of that person was also born outside Eswatini unless, within one year after attaining the age of majority (or within such extended time as the Board may allow) that person notifies the Board in writing of the desire to retain the citizenship of Eswatini.(4) Where a child born outside of marriage is not adopted by its father or claimed by that father in accordance with Eswatini law and custom and the mother of that child is a citizen of Eswatini, the child shall be a citizen of Eswatini by birth.(5) A child adopted, whether before or after the commencement of this Constitution, under the legislation relating to the adoption of children or under customary law, shall, if not already a citizen, be deemed to be a citizen of Eswatini by birth if, at the time of adoption the adoptive parent was a citizen of Eswatini or would have been a citizen if this Constitution were in force. (Sec. 43)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mozambique
- English1. A foreign person who has been married to a Mozambican citizen for at least five years acquires Mozambican nationality, except in cases of statelessness, provided that all of the following conditions are met:
a. that he or she declares that he or she wishes to acquire Mozambican nationality;
b. that he or she meets the requirements and offers the guarantees prescribed by law.
2. The nationality acquired by the spouse shall not be prejudiced by the declaration of annulment or dissolution of the marriage. (Art. 26) - Portuguese1. Adquire a nacionalidade moçambicana o estrangeiro ou a estrangeira que tenha contraído casamento com moçambicana ou moçambicano há pelo menos cinco anos, salvo nos casos de apátrida, desde que, cumulativamente:
a) declare querer adquirir a nacionalidade moçambicana;
b) preencha os requisitos e ofereça as garantias fixadas por lei.
2. A declaração de nulidade ou a dissolução do casamento não prejudica a nacionalidade adquirida pelo cônjuge. (Art. 26)