SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of North Macedonia:
- decides on the conformity of laws with the Constitution;
- decides on the conformity of collective agreements and other regulations with the Constitution and laws;
- protects the freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen relating to the freedom of conviction, conscience, thought and public expression of thought, political association and activity as well as to the prohibition of discrimination among citizens on the ground of sex, race, religion or national, social or political affiliation;
- decides on conflicts of competency among holders of legislative, executive and judicial offices;
- decides on conflicts of competency among bodies of the Republic and units of local self-government;
- decides on the accountability of the President of the Republic;
- decides on the constitutionality of the programmes and statutes of political parties and associations of citizens and
- decides on other issues determined by the Constitution. (Art. 110) - MacedonianУставниот суд на Република Северна Македонија:
- одлучува за согласноста на законите со Уставот;
- одлучува за согласноста на другите прописи и на колективните договори со Уставот и со законите;
- ги штити слободите и правата на човекот и граѓанинот што се однесуваат на слободата на уверувањето, совеста, мислата и јавното изразување на мислата, политичкото здружување и дејствување и забраната на дискриминација на граѓаните по основ на пол, раса, верска, национална, социјална и политичка припадност;
- решава за судирот на надлежностите меѓу носителите на законодавната, извршната и судската власт;
- решава за судирот на надлежностите меѓу органите на Републиката и единиците на локалната самоуправа;
- одлучува за одговорноста на претседателот на Републиката;
- одлучува за уставноста на програмите и статутите на политичките партии и на здруженијата на граѓаните и
- одлучува и за други прашања утврдени со Уставот. (Член 110)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall be the court with jurisdiction specifically over the administration of justice in matters of a legal and constitutional nature.
… (Art. 131) - Portuguese1. O Tribunal Constitucional é o tribunal ao qual compete especificamente administrar a justiça em matérias de natureza jurídico-constitucional.
… (Art. 131)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll of the judges of the Republic, within their respective spheres of competence and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and law, are obligated to ensure the integrity of the Constitution.
In the event of incompatibility between the Constitution and a law or other juridical provision, the provisions of the Constitution shall prevail, being the responsibility of the courts to rule accordingly in any case, even ex officio.
The Constitutional Division of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, as court of constitutional competence, shall have the exclusive power to declare the nullity of laws and other acts of organs exercising Public Power which are issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution or have the status of law. (Art. 334) - SpanishTodos los jueces o juezas de la República, en el ámbito de sus competencias y conforme a lo previsto en esta Constitución y en la ley, están en la obligación de asegurar la integridad de esta Constitución.
En caso de incompatibilidad entre esta Constitución y una ley u otra norma jurídica, se aplicarán las disposiciones constitucionales, correspondiendo a los tribunales en cualquier causa, aún de oficio, decidir lo conducente.
Corresponde exclusivamente a la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia como jurisdicción constitucional, declarar la nulidad de las leyes y demás actos de los órganos que ejercen el Poder Público dictados en ejecución directa e inmediata de la Constitución o que tengan rango de ley, cuando colidan con aquella. (Art. 334)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly must be sent to the Guardian Council. The Guardian Council must review it within a maximum of ten days from its receipt with a view to ensuring its compatibility with the criteria of Islam and the Constitution. If it finds the legislation incompatible, it will return it to the Assembly for review. Otherwise the legislation will be deemed enforceable. (Art. 94)
- Persianکلیه مصوبات مجلس شورای اسلامی باید به شورای نگهبان فرستاده شود. شورای نگهبان موظف است آن را حداکثر ظرف ده روز از تاریخ وصول از نظر انطباق بر موازین اسلام و قانون اساسی مورد بررسی قرار دهد و چنانچه آن را مغایر ببیند برای تجدید نظر به مجلس بازگرداند. در غیر این صورت مصوبه قابل اجرا است. (اصل 94)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Constitutional Court shall be the guarantor for the supremacy of the Constitution.
… (Art. 142) - Romanian(1) Curtea Constituţională este garantul supremaţiei Constituţiei.
… (Art. 142)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Constitutional Court shall have the following exclusive powers:
(a) Upon request from a member of the Council of Ministers, a committee from either one of the Houses, or ten members of either House of the Federal Parliament, to review draft legislation, and determine its compatibility with the Constitution;
(b) To hear and decide cases as stipulated in Article 86 concerning challenges to the constitutionality of a law passed by the Federal Parliament;
(c) To hear and decide on cases that have been submitted to the Constitutional court resulting from matters stated in Article 109 (2) (c), concerning matters of interpretation of the Constitution not arising out of Court litigation;
(d) To resolve any disputes between the Federal Government and the Federal Member State governments, or among the Federal Member State governments;
(e) To hear and decide cases arising out of disputes between organs of the Federal Government, concerning their respective constitutional powers and duties;
(f) To hear and decide cases arising in terms of Article 92 concerning the impeachment trials of the President.
… (Art. 109C) - Somali(1) Maxkamadda Dastuurku waay yeelaneysaa awoodahan u garrka ah:
(a) Marka uu codsi ka yimaaddo Xubin ka Mid ah Golaha Wasiirada, Guddi ka tirsan aqalada Baarlamaanka midkood, ama toban Xubnood oo ka mid ah Aqalada midkood,in ay Maxkamaddu qiimeyso qoraalka sharci la sameynayo, ayna go’aansato in sharcigaasi waafaqsan yahay Dastuurka;
(b) In Maxkamaddu dhegeysato go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad Qodobka 86aad,oo la xidhiidha muran ka dhashay sida xeer uu u waafaqsan yahay dastuurka;
(c) In maxkamaddu dhegeysato, go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad faqradda Qodobeedka 109(2)(c) kaasoo khuseeya in dhinac uu hor keenay maxkamad dood kiis macquul ah, kiiskaana loo gudbiyay Maxkamadda Dastuurka si ay go’aan uga gaadho.)
(d) In ay go’aamiso khilaafyada u dhexeeya dawladda federaalka ah iyo dawlad goboleedyada xubinta ka ah dawladda federaalka ah iyo Dawlad goboleedyada federaalka dhexdooda.
(e) In ay dhegeysato, go’aana ka gaadho Khilaafyada ka dhexeeya waaxaha Dawladda federaalka ah ee la xidhiidha awoodaha dastuuriga ah iyo waajibaadka ay kala leeyihiin; iyo
(f) In ay dhegesato, go’aana ka gaadho Marka la eego Qodobka 92aad (oo la xidhiidha kiisaska denbiyada dastuur ee Madaxweynaha lagu soo oogo ee xil ka qaadista keeni kara
… (Qodobka 109C.)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer any question involving, arising from, relating to, or in connection with, the meaning, interpretation, purpose, construction, ambit or effect of any of the provisions of this Constitution to the Interpretation Tribunal established in accordance with Clause (7) for its determination.
(2) When any such question arises in any legal proceedings before any court, His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may direct that court to refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal or that court shall refer such question to His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan, with a submission that His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan should refer that question to the Interpretation Tribunal, and upon receiving such reference His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan may refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal:
Provided that the court shall not refer such question which has already been decided by the Interpretation Tribunal.
(3) If His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan does not refer such question to the Interpretation Tribunal, he shall cause the court by whom the reference thereof was made to be so informed, and the court shall thereupon proceed with the determination of the legal proceedings before it.
… (Sec. 86) - Malay(1) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan apa jua perkara yang melibatkan, berbangkit dari, berkenaan dengan, atau berhubung dengan, makna, tafsiran, tujuan, pengertian, bidang atau kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini kepada Tribunal Tafsiran yang ditubuhkan menurut Fasal (7) untuk diputuskan olehnya.
(2) Apabila sebarang perkara sedemikian timbul dalam mana-mana perbicaraan undang-undang di hadapan mana-mana mahkamah, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh mengarahkan supaya mahkamah itu merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran atau mahkamah itu hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut ke hadapan majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan, dengan suatu penghujahan bahawa Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan hendaklah merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, dan setelah menerima rujukan tersebut Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan boleh merujukkan perkara itu kepada Tribunal Tafsiran:
Dengan syarat bahawa mahkamah itu tidak boleh merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, sekiranya perkara tersebut telah pun diputuskan oleh Tribunal Tafsiran.
(3) Jika Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan tidak merujukkan perkara tersebut kepada Tribunal Tafsiran, maka Baginda hendaklah menyebabkan mahkamah yang membuat rujukan mengenai perkara tersebut diberitahu, dan mahkamah itu hendaklah meneruskan perbicaraan di hadapannya.
… (Sec. 86)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Federal Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have jurisdiction to determine in accordance with any rules of court regulating the exercise of such jurisdiction—
(a) any question whether a law made by Parliament or by the Legislature of a State is invalid on the ground that it makes provision with respect to a matter with respect to which Parliament or, as the case may be, the Legislature of the State has no power to make laws; and
(b) disputes on any other question between States or between the Federation and any State.
(2) Without prejudice to any appellate jurisdiction of the Federal Court, where in any proceedings before another court a question arises as to the effect of any provision of this Constitution, the Federal Court shall have jurisdiction (subject to any rules of court regulating the exercise of that jurisdiction) to determine the question and remit the case to the other court to be disposed of in accordance with the determination.
… (Art. 128) - Malay(1) Hanya Mahkamah Persekutuan sahaja, dan tidak mana-mana mahkamah lain, mempunyai bidang kuasa bagi memutuskan mengikut mana-mana kaedah mahkamah yang mengawal selia penjalanan bidang kuasa sedemikian—
(a) apa-apa soal sama ada sesuatu undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Parlimen atau Badan Perundangan sesuatu Negeri adalah tidak sah atas alasan bahawa undang-undang itu membuat peruntukan mengenai sesuatu perkara yang mengenainya Parlimen atau, mengikut mana-mana yang berkenaan, Badan Perundangan Negeri itu tidak mempunyai kuasa untuk membuat undang-undang; dan
(b) pertikaian atas apa-apa soal lain antara Negeri dengan Negeri atau antara Persekutuan dengan mana-mana Negeri.
(2) Tanpa menjelaskan apa-apa bidang kuasa rayuan Mahkamah Persekutuan, jika dalam mana-mana prosiding di hadapan suatu mahkamah lain suatu soal berbangkit tentang kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini, Mahkamah Persekutuan mempunyai bidang kuasa (tertakluk kepada mana-mana kaedah mahkamah yang mengawal selia perjalanan bidang kuasa itu) untuk memutuskan soal itu dan menghantar balik kes itu kepada mahkamah yang satu lagi untuk dibereskan mengikut keputusan itu.
… (Perkara 128)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on a complaint against decision verifying or rejecting verification of the mandate of a Member of Parliament.
(2) The Constitutional Court shall decide whether the election of the President of the Slovak Republic, the elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, and to the European Parliament have been held in conformity with the Constitution and the law.
(3) The Constitutional Court shall decide on complaints against the result of a referendum and complaint against the result of a plebiscite on the recall of President of the Slovak Republic.
(4) The Constitutional Court shall decide whether a decision dissolving a political party or movement or suspending political activities thereof is in conformity with the constitutional laws and other laws.
(5) The Constitutional Court shall decide on a prosecution by the National Council of the Slovak Republic against the President of the Slovak Republic in matters of wilful infringement of the Constitution or treason.
(6) The Constitutional Court shall decide on whether a decision on declaring an exceptional state or an emergency state and other decisions connected to this decision were issued in conformity with the Constitution and constitutional law.
(7) The decisions of the Constitutional Court according to the preceding paragraphs shall be binding for all bodies of public authority, natural persons or legal persons whom they concern. The respective body of public authority shall be obliged, without undue delay, to ensure their enforcement. Details shall be laid down by law. (Art. 129) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o sťažnosti proti rozhodnutiu o overení alebo neoverení mandátu poslanca Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky.
(2) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o ústavnosti a zákonnosti volieb prezidenta Slovenskej republiky, volieb do Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky a volieb do Európskeho parlamentu.
(3) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o sťažnostiach proti výsledku referenda a o sťažnostiach proti výsledku ľudového hlasovania o odvolaní prezidenta Slovenskej republiky.
(4) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o tom, či rozhodnutie o rozpustení alebo pozastavení činnosti politickej strany alebo politického hnutia je v zhode s ústavnými zákonmi a s inými zákonmi.
(5) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o obžalobe Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky proti prezidentovi Slovenskej republiky vo veci úmyselného porušenia ústavy alebo vlastizrady.
(6) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o tom, či rozhodnutie o vyhlásení výnimočného stavu alebo núdzového stavu a na toto rozhodnutie nadväzujúce ďalšie rozhodnutia boli vydané v súlade s ústavou alebo s ústavným zákonom.
(7) Rozhodnutia ústavného súdu podľa predchádzajúcich odsekov sú záväzné pre všetky orgány verejnej moci, fyzické osoby alebo právnické osoby, ktorých sa týkajú. Príslušný orgán verejnej moci je povinný bez zbytočného odkladu zabezpečiť ich vykonanie. Podrobnosti ustanoví zákon. (Čl. 129)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the sole body competent to oversee the constitutionality of the following:
- Draft laws, upon the request of the President of the Republic, the Head of Government, or thirty members of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The request shall be filed within seven days from the Assembly’s ratification of the draft law or ratification of a draft law in a modified version, after it has been returned from the President of the Republic.
- Constitutional draft laws submitted to it by the President of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People as specified in Article 144 or to determine whether the procedures of amending the Constitution have been respected.
- Treaties presented to it by the President of the Republic before the draft law approving them is signed.
- Laws referred to it by courts as a result of a request filed by a court, in the case of the invocation of a claim of unconstitutionality by one of the parties in litigation, in accordance with the procedures established by law.
- The rules of procedure of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, submitted to it by the Speaker of the Assembly.
The Constitutional Court is also responsible for other tasks that are conferred upon it by the Constitution. (Art. 120) - Arabicتختصّ المحكمة الدستورية دون سواها بمراقبة دستورية:
- مشاريع القوانين بناء على طلب من رئيس الجمهورية أو رئيس الحكومة أو ثلاثين عضوا من أعضاء مجلس نواب الشّعب يُرفع إليها في أجل أقصاه سبعة (7) أيّام من تاريخ مصادقة المجلس على مشروع القانون أو من تاريخ مصادقته على مشروع قانون في صيغة معدّلة بعد أن تمّ ردّه من قبل رئيس الجمهورية.
-مشاريع القوانين الدّستورية التي يعرضها عليها رئيس مجلس نواب الشّعب حسبما هو مقرّر بالفصل 144 أو لمراقبة احترام إجراءات تعديل الدستور.
- المعاهدات التي يعرضها عليها رئيس الجمهورية قبل ختم مشروع قانون الموافقة عليها.
- القوانين التي تحيلها عليها المحاكم تبعا للدّفع بعدم الدستورية بطلب من أحد الخصوم في الحالات وطبق الإجراءات التي يقرها القانون،
- النظام الدّاخلي لمجلس نواب الشعب الذي يعرضه عليها رئيس المجلس.
كما تتولى المهام الأخرى المسندة إليها بمقتضى الدستور. (الفصل 120) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est seule compétente pour contrôler la constitutionnalité :
- des projets de loi, sur demande du Président de la République, du Chef du Gouvernement ou de trente membres de l’Assemblée des représentants du peuple. La Cour est saisie dans un délai maximum de sept jours à compter de la date d’adoption du projet de loi ou de la date d’adoption du projet de loi amendé, après renvoi par le Président de la République ;
- des projets de loi constitutionnelle que lui soumet le Président de l’Assemblée des représentants du peuple conformément à ce qui est prévu à l’article 144 ou pour contrôler le respect des procédures de révision de la Constitution ;
- des traités que lui soumet le Président de la République avant la promulgation du projet de loi relatif à l’approbation de ces traités ;
- des lois que lui renvoient les tribunaux, suite à une exception d’inconstitutionnalité soulevée par l’une des parties, dans les cas et selon les procédures prévus par la loi ;
- du règlement intérieur de l’Assemblée des représentants du peuple que lui soumet le Président de l’Assemblée.
La Cour exerce les autres attributions qui lui sont conférées par la Constitution. (Art. 120)