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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The President of the Republic may request that the Constitutional Court carry out a prior review of the constitutionality of any regular provision of an international agreement or treaty that was submitted to it for ratification, or of law or ordinance sent to it for enactment.
…
3. The Prime Minister or one fifth of the sitting Deputies of the National Assembly, in addition to the President of the Republic, may request that the Constitutional Court conduct a prior review of the constitutionality of any regular provision of a law sent to the President for promulgation as an organic Law.
… (Art. 145) - Portuguese1. O Presidente da República pode requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de acordo ou tratado internacional que lhe tenha sido submetido para a ratificação, de lei ou decreto-lei que lhe tenha sido enviado para a promulgação.
…
3. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer norma constante de diploma que tenha sido enviado ao Presidente da República para promulgação como Lei orgânica, além deste, o Primeiro-Ministro ou um quinto dos Deputados à Assembleia Nacional em efectividade de funções.
… (Art. 145)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe following are functions of the Constitutional Division of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice:
1. To declare the nullity, in whole or in part, of national laws and other acts of National Assembly with the force of law, which are in conflict with this Constitution.
2. To declare the nullity, in whole or in part, of state Constitutions and laws, municipal ordinances and other acts of the deliberating bodies of the States and Municipalities which are issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution and are in conflict with the same.
3. To declare the nullity, in whole or in part, of acts of the National Executive with the force of law, which are in conflict with this Constitution.
4. To declare the nullity, in whole or in part, of acts issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution by any other government organ exercising Public Power.
5. To verify, at the request of the President of the Republic or the National Assembly, the constitutionality of international treaties signed by the Republic, prior to ratification of the same.
6. To review in all cases, even ex officio, the constitutionality of decree of the President of the Republic decreeing states of exception.
7. To declare the unconstitutionality of omissions on the part of the municipal, state, national or legislatures, in failing to promulgate rules or measures essential to guaranteeing compliance with the Constitution, or promulgating it in an incomplete manner; and to establish the time limit and, where necessary, guidelines for correcting the deficiencies.
8. To resolve any conflicts existing between different provisions of law, and declare which of the same must prevail.
9. To resolve constitutional controversies arising between any of the organs of Public Power.
10. To review judgments embodying constitutional protective orders or control on the constitutionality of laws or juridical rules, handed down by the courts of the Republic, on the terms established by the pertinent organic law.
11. Any other functions established by this Constitution or by law. (Art. 336) - SpanishSon atribuciones de la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia:
1. Declarar la nulidad total o parcial de las leyes nacionales y demás actos con rango de ley de los cuerpos legislativos nacionales que colidan con esta Constitución.
2. Declarar la nulidad total o parcial de las Constituciones y leyes estadales, de las ordenanzas municipales y demás actos de los cuerpos deliberantes de los Estados y Municipios dictados en ejecución directa e inmediata de la Constitución y que colidan con ésta.
3. Declarar la nulidad total o parcial de los actos con rango de ley dictados por el Ejecutivo Nacional que colidan con esta Constitución.
4. Declarar la nulidad total o parcial de los actos en ejecución directa e inmediata de esta Constitución, dictados por cualquier otro órgano estatal en ejercicio del Poder Público, cuando colidan con ésta.
5. Verificar, a solicitud del Presidente o Presidenta de la República o de la Asamblea Nacional, la conformidad de la Constitución con los tratados internacionales suscritos por la República antes de su ratificación.
6. Revisar, en todo caso, aun de oficio, la constitucionalidad de los decretos que declaren estados de excepción dictados por el Presidente o Presidenta de la República.
7. Declarar la inconstitucionalidad de las omisiones del legislador o la legisladora nacional, estadal o municipal, cuando haya dejado de dictar las normas o medidas indispensables para garantizar el cumplimiento de la Constitución, o las haya dictado en forma incompleta, y establecer el plazo y, de ser necesario, los lineamientos de su corrección.
8. Resolver las colisiones que existan entre diversas disposiciones legales y declarar cuál de éstas debe prevalecer.
9. Dirimir las controversias constitucionales que se susciten entre cualesquiera de los órganos del Poder Público.
10. Revisar las sentencias de amparo constitucional y de control de constitucionalidad de leyes o normas jurídicas dictadas por los Tribunales de la República, en los términos establecidos por la ley orgánica.
11. Las demás que establezcan esta Constitución y la ley. (Art. 336)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishEvery citizen may invoke the protection of freedoms and rights determined by the Constitution before the regular courts, as well as before the Constitutional Court of North Macedonia, through a procedure based upon the principles of priority and urgency.
… (Art. 50) - MacedonianСекој граѓанин може да се повика на заштита на слободите и правата утврдени со Уставот пред судовите и пред Уставниот суд на Република Северна Македонија во постапка заснована врз начелата на приоритет и итност.
… (Член 50)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe King, the Prime Minister, the President of the National Assembly or one-tenth of the National Assembly’s Members, the President of the Senate or one-fourth of the Senators, may send the laws adopted by the National Assembly to the Constitutional Council for examination before their promulgation.
The rules of procedure of the National Assembly, the rules of procedure of the Senate and the organic laws must be sent to the Constitutional Council for examination before their promulgation. … (Art. 140) - Khmerព្រះមហាក្សត្រ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី ប្រធានរដ្ឋសភា តំណាងរាស្រ្តចំនួនមួយភាគដប់ ប្រធានព្រឹទ្ធសភា ឬសមាជិកព្រឹទ្ធសភាចំនួយមួយភាគបួន អាចបញ្ជូនច្បាប់ ដែលរដ្ឋសភាបានអនុម័តទៅឱ្យក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញពិនិត្យ មុននឹងច្បាប់នោះត្រូវប្រកាសឱ្យប្រើ។
បទបញ្ជាផ្ទៃក្នុង រដ្ឋសភា បទបញ្ជាផ្ទៃក្នុងព្រឹទ្ធសភា និងច្បាប់រៀបចំអង្គការ ទាំងឡាយ ត្រូវតែបញ្ជូនទៅក្រុមប្រឹក្សាធម្មនុញ្ញពិនិត្យ មុននឹងប្រកាសឱ្យប្រើ។ … (មាត្រា ១៤០)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishIf the High Court is satisfied that a case pending in a court subordinate to it involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, it shall withdraw the case and may—
(a) either dispose of the case itself, or
(b) determine the said question of law and return the case to the court from which the case has been so withdrawn together with a copy of its judgment on such question, and the said court shall on receipt thereof proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment. (Art. 228) - Hindiयदि उच्च न्यायालय का यह समाधान हो जाता है कि उसके अधीनस्थ किसी न्यायालय में लंबित किसी मामले में इस संविधान के निर्वचन के बारे में विधि का कोई सारवान प्रश्न अंतर्वलित है जिसका अवधारण मामले के निपटारे के लिए आवश्यक है तो वह उस मामले को अपने पास मंगा लेगा और—
(क) मामले को स्वयं निपटा सकेगा, या
(ख) उक्त विधि के प्रश्न का अवधारण कर सकेगा और उस मामले को ऐसे प्रश्न पर निर्णय की प्रतिलिपि सहित उस न्यायालय को, जिससे मामला इस प्रकार मंगा लिया गया है, लौटा सकेगा और उक्त न्यायालय उसके प्राप्त होने पर उस मामले को ऐसे निर्णय के अनुरूप निपटाने के लिए आगे कार्यवाही करेगा। (अनुच्छेद 228)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court may consider and declare with generally binding force:
a) The unconstitutionality of any norm;
b) The illegality of any norms contained in a legislative act, on the grounds of the breach of a law with superior legal force;
c) The illegality of any norms contained in a regional legislative act, on the grounds of the breach of the autonomous region's statute;
d) The illegality of any norms contained in a legislative act issued by an entity that exercises sovereignty, on the grounds of a breach of those of an autonomous region's rights that are enshrined in its statute.
2. The following may ask the Constitutional Court for a declaration of unconstitutionality or illegality with generally binding force:
a) The President of the Republic;
b) The President of the Assembly of the Republic;
c) The Prime Minister;
d) The Ombudsman;
e) The Attorney General;
f) One tenth of the Members of the Assembly of the Republic;
g) When the grounds for the request for a declaration of unconstitutionality are the breach of the rights of the autonomous regions, or the grounds for the request for a declaration of illegality are the breach of the respective statute, Representatives of the Republic, Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions, presidents of Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions, presidents of Regional Governments, or one tenth of the members of the respective Legislative Assembly.
3. The Constitutional Court may also consider and declare with generally binding force the unconstitutionality or illegality of any norm, on condition that it has already held the norm unconstitutional or illegal in three concrete cases. (Art. 281) - Portuguese1. O Tribunal Constitucional aprecia e declara, com força obrigatória geral:
a) A inconstitucionalidade de quaisquer normas;
b) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de acto legislativo com fundamento em violação de lei com valor reforçado;
c) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de diploma regional, com fundamento em violação do estatuto da região autónoma;
d) A ilegalidade de quaisquer normas constantes de diploma emanado dos órgãos de soberania com fundamento em violação dos direitos de uma região consagrados no seu estatuto.
2. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a declaração de inconstitucionalidade ou de ilegalidade, com força obrigatória geral:
a) O Presidente da República;
b) O Presidente da Assembleia da República;
c) O Primeiro-Ministro;
d) O Provedor de Justiça;
e) O Procurador-Geral da República;
f) Um décimo dos Deputados à Assembleia da República;
g) Os Representantes da República, as Assembleias Legislativas das regiões autónomas, os presidentes das Assembleias Legislativas das regiões autónomas, os presidentes dos Governos Regionais ou um décimo dos deputados à respectiva Assembleia Legislativa, quando o pedido de declaração de inconstitucionalidade se fundar em violação dos direitos das regiões autónomas ou o pedido de declaração de ilegalidade se fundar em violação do respectivo estatuto.
3. O Tribunal Constitucional aprecia e declara ainda, com força obrigatória geral, a inconstitucionalidade ou a ilegalidade de qualquer norma, desde que tenha sido por ele julgada inconstitucional ou ilegal em três casos concretos. (Art. 281)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution shall be determined by the Court of Appeal sitting as the Constitutional Court.
2. When sitting as a Constitutional Court, the Court of Appeal shall consist of a bench of five members of that Court.
3. A person who alleges that-
a. an Act of Parliament or any other law or anything in or done under the authority of any law; or
b. any act or omission by any person or authority,
is inconsistent with or in contravention of a provision of this Constitution, may petition the Constitutional Court for a declaration to that effect, and for redress where appropriate.
4. Where upon determination of the petition under clause (3) of this article the Constitutional Court considers that there is need for redress in addition to the declaration sought, the Constitutional Court may-
a. grant an order of redress; or
b. refer the matter to the High Court to investigate and determine the appropriate redress.
5. Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any proceedings in a court of law other than a Field Court Martial, the Court-
a. may, if it is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law; and
b. shall, if any party to the proceedings requests it to do so,
refer the question to the constitutional court for decision in accordance with clause (1) of this article.
6. Where any question is referred to the constitutional court under clause (5) of this article, the constitutional court shall give its decision on the question, and the court in which the question arises shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision.
… (Art. 137)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The National Assembly Standing Committee has the following rights and duties:
…
2. To create, interpret and explain the provisions of the Constitution and the laws;
… (Art. 56) - Lao
ຄະນະປະຈໍາສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດມີ ສິດ ແລະ ໜ້າທີ່ດັ່ງນີ້:
…
2. ສະເໜີສ້າງ, ຕີຄວາມໝາຍ, ອະທິບາຍ ລັດຖະທໍາມະນູນ ແລະ ກົດໝາຍ
… (ມາດຕາ. 56) (ປັບປຸງ)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on complaints of the bodies of territorial self-administration against unconstitutional or unlawful decision or against other unconstitutional or unlawful action into the matters of self-administration, save another court shall decide on its protection.
… (Art. 127a) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o sťaţnostiach orgánov územnej samosprávy proti neústavnému alebo nezákonnému rozhodnutiu alebo inému neústavnému alebo nezákonnému zásahu do vecí územnej samosprávy, ak o jej ochrane nerozhoduje iný súd.
… (Čl. 127a)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishI. The Action for Constitutional Protection shall be presented by the person who believes him or herself affected, by another with sufficient power to act in his or her name, or by the corresponding authority pursuant to the Constitution, to any judge or competent court, provided that there is no other existing means or legal recourse for the immediate protection of the rights and guarantees that have been restricted, suppressed or threatened.
… (Art. 129) - SpanishI. La Acción de Amparo Constitucional se interpondrá por la persona que se crea afectada, por otra a su nombre con poder suficiente o por la autoridad correspondiente de acuerdo con la Constitución, ante cualquier juez o tribunal competente, siempre que no exista otro medio o recurso legal para la protección inmediata de los derechos y garantías restringidos, suprimidos o amenazados.
... (Art. 129)