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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe actions against the laws, regulations or provisions of a general character which contain a partial or total defect [vicio] of unconstitutionality, will be heard directly before the Tribunal or Court of Constitutionality. (Art. 267)
- SpanishLas acciones en contra de leyes, reglamentos o disposiciones de carácter general que contengan vicio parcial o total de inconstitucionalidad, se plantearán directamente ante el Tribunal o Corte de Constitucionalidad. (Art. 267)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe authority of the interpretation of the Constitution is vested with the Guardian Council, which is to be done with the consent of three-fourths of its members. (Art. 98)
- Persianتفسیر قانون اساسی به عهده شورای نگهبان است که با تصویب سه چهارم آنان انجام میشود. (اصل 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
2. The High Court shall have original jurisdiction to review any law, and any action or decision of the Government, for conformity with this Constitution, save as otherwise provided by this Constitution and shall have such other jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred on it by this Constitution or any other law. (Sec. 108)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall have the following powers:
a) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws, before the promulgation thereof upon notification by the President of Romania, one of the presidents of the two Chambers, the Government, the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Advocate of the People, a number of at least 50 deputies or at least 25 senators, as well as ex officio, on initiatives to revise the Constitution;
b) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of treaties or other international agreements, upon notification by one of the presidents of the two Chambers, a number of at least 50 deputies or at least 25 senators;
c) to adjudicate on the constitutionality of the Standing Orders of Parliament, upon notification, by the president of either Chamber, by a parliamentary group or a number of at least 50 Deputies or at least 25 Senators;
d) to decide on objections as to the unconstitutionality of laws and ordinances, brought up before courts of law or commercial arbitration; the objection as to the unconstitutionality may also be brought up directly by the Advocate of the People;
e) to solve legal disputes of a constitutional nature between public authorities, at the request of the President of Romania, one of the presidents of the two Chambers, the Prime Minister, or of the president of the Superior Council of Magistracy;
f) to guard the observance of the procedure for the election of the President of Romania and to confirm the ballot returns;
g) to ascertain the circumstances which justify the interim in the exercise of the office of President of Romania, and to report its findings to Parliament and the Government; h) to give advisory opinion on the proposal to suspend from office the President of Romania;
l) to guard the observance of the procedure for the organization and holding of a referendum, and to confirm its returns;
j) to check on compliance with the conditions for the exercise of the legislative initiative by citizens;
k) to decide on the objections of unconstitutionality of a political party;
l) to carry out also other duties stipulated by the organic law of the Court. (Art. 146) - RomanianCurtea Constituţională are următoarele atribuţii:
a) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii legilor, înainte de promulgarea acestora, la sesizarea Preşedintelui României, a unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a Guvernului, a Înaltei Curţi de Casaţie şi Justiţie, a Avocatului Poporului, a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori, precum şi, din oficiu, asupra iniţiativelor de revizuire a Constituţiei;
b) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii tratatelor sau altor acorduri internaţionale, la sesizarea unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori;
c) se pronunţă asupra constituţionalităţii regulamentelor Parlamentului, la sesizarea unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a unui grup parlamentar sau a unui număr de cel puţin 50 de deputaţi sau de cel puţin 25 de senatori;
d) hotărăşte asupra excepţiilor de neconstituţionalitate privind legile şi ordonanţele, ridicate în faţa instanţelor judecătoreşti sau de arbitraj comercial; excepţia de neconstituţionalitate poate fi ridicată şi direct de Avocatul Poporului;
e) soluţionează conflictele juridice de natură constituţională dintre autorităţile publice, la cererea Preşedintelui României, a unuia dintre preşedinţii celor două Camere, a primului-ministru sau a preşedintelui Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii;
f) veghează la respectarea procedurii pentru alegerea Preşedintelui României şi confirmă rezultatele sufragiului;
g) constată existenţa împrejurărilor care justifică interimatul în exercitarea funcţiei de Preşedinte al României şi comunică cele constatate Parlamentului şi Guvernului;
h) dă aviz consultativ pentru propunerea de suspendare din funcţie a Preşedintelui României;
i) veghează la respectarea procedurii pentru organizarea şi desfăşurarea referendumului şi confirmă rezultatele acestuia;
j) verifică îndeplinirea condiţiilor pentru exercitarea iniţiativei legislative de către cetăţeni;
k) hotărăşte asupra contestaţiilor care au ca obiect constituţionalitatea unui partid politic;
l) îndeplineşte şi alte atribuţii prevăzute de legea organică a Curţii. (Art. 146)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The disputes that Article 103 of the Constitution concerns, with the exception of those in electoral matters, will be subject to the procedures and formalities [formas] of the juridical order that the law determines, in accordance with the following bases:
I. A trial in amparo will always be held [seguirá] at the instance of the party injured [agrivada], having such character any [person] claiming to be entitled [titular] to a right or to an individual or collective interest, whenever it [is] alleged that the challenged act violates the rights recognized by the Constitution and furthermore affects its juridical sphere, either in direct manner or by virtue of its special situation before [frente] the juridical order.
Concerning the acts or resolutions proceeding from the judicial, administrative or labor tribunals, the complainant must claim to be entitled to a subjective right that affects them in a personal and direct manner;
...
V. ... The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the Federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the direct amparos that by their interest and transcendence [trascendencia] so merit it.
...
VIII. Against the decisions that the District Judges [feminine] and the District Judges [masculine] or the Collegiate Tribunals of Appeal issue in amparo[,] revision proceeds. The Supreme Court of Justice will take cognizance of them:
a) When general norms have been challenged in the demand of amparo, for considering them [estimaraos] directly in violation of this Constitution, the issue [problema] of constitutionality subsisting in the recourse.
b) When it concerns those cases comprehended in Fractions II and III of Article 103 of this Constitution.
The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the amparos in revision, that by their interest and transcendence so merit it.
... (Art. 107) - Spanish
Las controversias de que habla el artículo 103 de esta Constitución, con excepción de aquellas en materia electoral, se sujetarán a los procedimientos que determine la ley reglamentaria, de acuerdo con las bases siguientes:
I. El juicio de amparo se seguirá siempre a instancia de parte agraviada, teniendo tal carácter quien aduce ser titular de un derecho o de un interés legítimo individual o colectivo, siempre que alegue que el acto reclamado viola los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución y con ello se afecte su esfera jurídica, ya sea de manera directa o en virtud de su especial situación frente al orden jurídico.
Tratándose de actos o resoluciones provenientes de tribunales judiciales, administrativos o del trabajo, el quejoso deberá aducir ser titular de un derecho subjetivo que se afecte de manera personal y directa;
…
V. … La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos directos que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
…
Contra las sentencias que pronuncien en amparo las Juezas y los Jueces de Distrito o los Tribunales Colegiados de Apelación procede revisión. De ella conocerá la Suprema Corte de Justicia:
a) Cuando habiéndose impugnado en la demanda de amparo normas generales por estimarlas directamente violatorias de esta Constitución, subsista en el recurso el problema de constitucionalidad.
b) Cuando se trate de los casos comprendidos en las fracciones II y III del artículo 103 de esta Constitución.
La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos en revisión, que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
… (Art. 107)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Yang di-Pertuan Agong may refer to the Federal Court for its opinion any question as to the effect of any provision of this Constitution which has arisen or appears to him likely to arise, and the Federal Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on any question so referred to it. (Art. 130)
- MalayYang di-Pertuan Agong boleh merujukkan kepada Mahkamah Persekutuan untuk pendapatnya apa-apa soal tentang kesan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang telah berbangkit atau yang tampak padanya mungkin berbangkit, dan Mahkamah Persekutuan hendaklah mengumumkan pendapatnya tentang apa-apa soal yang dirujukkan sedemikian kepadanya itu di dalam mahkamah terbuka. (Perkara 130)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Council shall with, general binding force, evaluate and pronounce upon the unconstitutionality of laws and the illegality of other normative acts of State offices, at any time during which they are in force.
2. The following may request the Constitutional Council to pronounce upon the unconstitutionality of laws, or on the illegality of normative acts of State offices:
a. the President of the Republic;
b. the President of the Assembly of the Republic;
c. at least one third of the deputies of the Assembly of the Republic;
d. the Prime Minister;
e. the Attorney General of the Republic;
f. the Ombudsman;
g. two thousand citizens.
3. The law shall establish rules on the admission of actions for the evaluation of unconstitutionality. (Art. 244) - Portuguese1. O Conselho Constitucional aprecia e declara, com força obrigatória geral, a inconstitucionalidade das leis e a ilegalidade dos demais actos normativos dos órgãos do Estado, em qualquer momento da sua vigência.
2. Podem solicitar ao Conselho Constitucional a declaração de inconstitucionalidade das leis ou de ilegalidade dos actos normativos dos órgãos do Estado:
a) o Presidente da República;
b) o Presidente da Assembleia da República;
c) um terço, pelo menos, dos deputados da Assembleia da República;
d) o Primeiro-Ministro;
e) o Procurador-Geral da República;
f) o Provedor de Justiça;
g) dois mil cidadãos.
3. A lei regula o regime de admissão das acções de apreciação de inconstitucionalidade. (Art. 244)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) Judges, in the performance of their function, shall be independent and, in decision making shall be bound by the Constitution, by constitutional law, by international treaty pursuant to Art. 7, paras. 2 and 5, and by law.
(2) If a Court assumes that other generally binding legal regulation, its part, or its individual provisions which concern a pending matter contradicts the Constitution, constitutional law, international treaty pursuant to Art. 7, para. 5 or law, it shall suspend the proceedings and shall submit a proposal for the commence of proceedings according to Art. 125, para. 1. Legal opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic contained in the decision shall be binding for the Court. (Art. 144) - Slovak
(1) Sudcovia sú pri výkone svojej funkcie nezávislí a pri rozhodovaní sú viazaní ústavou, ústavným zákonom, medzinárodnou zmluvou podľa čl. 7 ods. 2 a 5 a zákonom.
(2) Ak sa súd domnieva, ţe iný všeobecne záväzný právny predpis, jeho časť alebo jeho jednotlivé ustanovenie, ktoré sa týka prejednávanej veci, odporuje ústave, ústavnému zákonu, medzinárodnej zmluve podľa čl. 7 ods. 5 alebo zákonu, konanie preruší a podá návrh na začatie konania na základe čl. 125 ods. 1. Právny názor ústavného súdu obsiahnutý v rozhodnutí je pre súd záväzný. (Čl. 144)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any court of law established for Saint Christopher and Nevis (other than the Court of Appeal, the High Court or a court-martial) and the court is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court.
… (Sec. 97)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. A High Constitutional Court shall be established by law to consider:
a. The constitutionality of laws, regulations, and other enacted rules.
b. The interpretation of the Basic Law and legislation.
c. Settlement of jurisdictional disputes which might arise between judicial entities and administrative entities having judicial jurisdiction.
... (Art. 103) - Arabicتشكل محكمة دستورية عليا بقانون، وتتولى النظر في:
أ- دستورية القوانين واللوائح أو النظم وغيرها.
ب- تفسير نصوص القانون الأساسي والتّشريعات.
ج- الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين الجهات القضائية وبين الجهات الإدارية ذات الاختصاص القضائي.
… (المادّة 103)