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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Education
India
- English(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to—
(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or
(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.
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(6) Nothing in this article or sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 or clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making,—
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(b) any special provision for the advancement of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clauses (4) and (5) in so far as such special provisions relate to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30, which in the case of reservation would be in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the total seats in each category. (Art. 15) - Hindi(1) राज्य, किसी नागरिक के विरुद्ध केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, जन्मस्थान या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर कोई विभेद नहीं करेगा।
(2) कोई नागरिक केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, जन्मस्थान या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर निम्नलिखित के संबंध में किसी भी निर्योग्यता, दायित्व, निर्बंधन या शर्त के अधीन नहीं होगा—
(क) दुकानों, सार्वजनिक भोजनालयों, होटलों और सार्वजनिक मनोरंजन के स्थानों में प्रवेश; या
(ख) पूर्णत: या भागत: राज्य-निधि से पोषित या साधारण जनता के प्रयोग के लिए समर्पित कुओं, तालाबों, स्नानघाटों, सड़कों और सार्वजनिक समागम के स्थानों के उपयोग।
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(6) इस अनुच्छेद या अनुच्छेद 19 के खंड (1) के उपखंड (छ) या अनुच्छेद 29 के खंड (2) में कोई बात राज्य को निम्नलिखित प्रावधान करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी,—
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(ख) खंड (4) और (5) में उल्लिखित श्रेणियों के अतिरिक्त नागरिकों के किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों की उन्नति के लिए कोई विशेष प्रावधान जहां तक ऐसे विशेष प्रावधान अनुच्छेद 30 के खंड (1) में निर्दिष्ट अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षा संस्थाओं से भिन्न, शिक्षा संस्थाओं में, जिनके अंतर्गत प्राइवेट शिक्षा संस्थाएं भी हैं, चाहे वे राज्य से सहायता प्राप्त हों या नहीं, प्रवेश से संबंधित हैं, जो आरक्षण के मामले में वर्तमान आरक्षण के अतिरिक्त होगा और प्रत्येक श्रणी में कुल सीटों के अधिकतम दस प्रतिशत के शर्ताधीन होगा। (अनुच्छेद 15)
Education
Portugal
- EnglishThe Assembly of the Republic has exclusive competence to legislate on the following matters:
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i) The bases of the education system;
… (Art. 164) - PortugueseÉ da exclusiva competência da Assembleia da República legislar sobre as seguintes matérias:
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i) Bases do sistema de ensino;
… (Art. 164)
Education
Dominican Republic
- EnglishAll persons have the right to an integral education that is of quality, permanent, equal in conditions and opportunities, and without more limitations than those derived from their aptitudes, vocation, and aspirations. Consequently:
1. The goal of education is the integral formation of the human being for the length of his entire life, and should be oriented toward the development of his creative potential and his ethical values. It seeks access to knowledge, science, skill, and the other assets and values of culture.
2. The family is responsible for the education of its members and has the right to choose the type of education for its minor children.
3. The State guarantees free public education and declares it obligatory in initial, basic, and intermediate levels. The offer for the initial level shall be defined in the law. Superior education in the public system shall be financed by the State, guaranteeing a distribution of resources that is proportional to the educational offer of the regions, in accordance with that which the law establishes.
4. The State shall safeguard the free nature and quality of general education, the fulfillment of its goals and moral, intellectual, and physical formation of the educated. It has the obligation to offer the number of hours of instruction that assure the achievement of the educational goals.
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6. The eradication of illiteracy and the education of people with special needs and with exceptional abilities are obligations of the State.
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13. With the end of forming citizens who are conscious of their rights and duties, in all public and private educational institutions instruction in social and civic formation, teaching of the Constitution, fundamental rights and guarantees, national values and the principles of peaceful coexistence shall be obligatory. (Art. 63) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a una educación integral, de calidad, permanente, en igualdad de condiciones y oportunidades, sin más limitaciones que las derivadas de sus aptitudes, vocación y aspiraciones. En consecuencia:
1) La educación tiene por objeto la formación integral del ser humano a lo largo de toda su vida y debe orientarse hacia el desarrollo de su potencial creativo y de sus valores éticos. Busca el acceso al conocimiento, a la ciencia, a la técnica y a los demás bienes y valores de la cultura;
2) La familia es responsable de la educación de sus integrantes y tiene derecho a escoger el tipo de educación de sus hijos menores;
3) El Estado garantiza la educación pública gratuita y la declara obligatoria en el nivel inicial, básico y medio. La oferta para el nivel inicial será definida en la ley. La educación superior en el sistema público será financiada por el Estado, garantizando una distribución de los recursos proporcional a la oferta educativa de las regiones, de conformidad con lo que establezca la ley;
4) El Estado velará por la gratuidad y la calidad de la educación general, el cumplimiento de sus fines y la formación moral, intelectual y física del educando. Tiene la obligación de ofertar el número de horas lectivas que aseguren el logro de los objetivos educacionales;
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6) Son obligaciones del Estado la erradicación del analfabetismo y la educación de personas con necesidades especiales y con capacidades excepcionales;
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13) Con la finalidad de formar ciudadanas y ciudadanos conscientes de sus derechos y deberes, en todas las instituciones de educación pública y privada, serán obligatorias la instrucción en la formación social y cívica, la enseñanza de la Constitución, de los derechos y garantías fundamentales, de los valores patrios y de los principios de convivencia pacífica. (Art. 63)
Education
Japan
- English(1) All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law.
(2) All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free. (Art. 26) - Japanese1 すべて国民は、法律の定めるところにより、その能力に応じて、ひとしく教育を受ける権利を有する。
2 すべて国民は、法律の定めるところにより、その保護する子女に普通教育を受けさせる義務を負ふ。義務教育は、これを無償とする。(第26条)
Education
Sweden
- EnglishAll children covered by compulsory schooling shall be entitled to a free basic education in the public education system. The public institutions shall be responsible also for the provision of higher education.
… (Instrument of Government, Chapter 2, Art. 18) - SwedishAlla barn som omfattas av den allmänna skolplikten har rätt till kostnadsfri grundläggande utbildning i allmän skola. Det allmänna ska svara också för att högre utbildning finns.
… (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 2 kap, 18§)
Education
El Salvador
- EnglishThe right to education and to culture is inherent to the human person; in consequence, the preservation, promotion, and dissemination of culture is an obligation and [a] primary purpose for the State.
The State shall be favorable to scientific research and occupation [quehacer]. (Art. 53) - SpanishEl derecho a la educación y a la cultura es inherente a la persona humana; en consecuencia, es obligación y finalidad primordial del Estado su conservación, fomento y difusión.
El Estado propiciará la investigación y el quehacer científico. (Art. 53)
Education
Kyrgyzstan
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to education.
2. General basic education shall be compulsory.
Everyone shall have the right to receive general basic and secondary basic education in state educational establishments free of charge.
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4. The State shall create conditions for the development of public, municipal and private educational establishments.
… (Art. 45) - Russian1. Каждый имеет право на образование.
2. Основное общее образование обязательно.
Каждый имеет право бесплатно получить основное общее и среднее общее образование в государственных образовательных организациях.
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4. Государство создает условия для развития государственных, муниципальных и частных учебных заведений.
… (Статья 45) - Kyrgyz1. Ар ким билим алууга укуктуу.
2. Негизги жалпы билим алуу милдеттүү.
Ар ким мамлекеттик билим берүү уюмдарында негизги жалпы жана орто жалпы билимди акысыз алууга укуктуу.
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4. Мамлекет мамлекеттик, муниципалдык жана менчик окуу жайларын өнүктүрүү үчүн шарт түзөт.
… (45-берене)
Education
Palau
- EnglishThe national government shall take positive action to attain these national objectives and implement these national policies: ... provision of public education for citizens which shall be free and compulsory as prescribed by law. (Art. VI)
Education
Haiti
- EnglishThe State guarantees the right to education. Instruction is free to all the degrees. This freedom is exercised under the control of the State. (Art. 32)
- FrenchL'État garantit le droit à l'éducation. L'enseignement est libre à tous les degrés. Cette liberté s'exerce sous le contrôle de l'État. (Art. 32)
Education
Nepal
- English
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2. Education,
… (Schedule 9, List of concurrent Powers/Jurisdiction for Federation, Province and Local Level) - Nepali
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(२) शिक्षा,
... (अनुसूची–९, संघ, प्रदेश र स्थानीय तहको अधिकारको साझा सूची)