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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishFor the avoidance of doubt it is hereby declared that preferential treatment granted by reason of—
(a) a woman’s pregnancy or childbirth; or
(b) a person’s responsibility for part-time care or full-time care of children or other dependants— shall not constitute a breach of this Part. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 74)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishI. Everyone has the right to rest.
II. To people working on contract with [a] maximum 8-hour working day, rest and holiday days, at least 21-day paid annual leave is guaranteed. (Art. 37) - AzerbaijaniI. Hər kəsin istirahət hüququ vardır.
II. Əmək müqaviləsi ilə işləyənlərə qanunla müəyyən edilmiş, lakin gündə 8 saatdan artıq olmayan iş günü, istirahət və bayram günləri, ildə azı bir dəfə 21 təqvim günündən az olmayan ödənişli məzuniyyət verilməsi təmin edilir. (Maddə 37)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
Everyone shall have the right to decent work, to free choice of profession and occupation, favorable working conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene, to fair remuneration for work without any discrimination and not below the established minimum wage, as well as the right to unemployment protection in the manner prescribed by law.
The minimum wage shall be determined taking into account the need to ensure a decent standard of living for a person.
It shall be prohibited to refuse to hire women, dismiss them from work and reduce their wages on the basis of pregnancy or having a child. (Art. 42) - Uzbek
Har kim munosib mehnat qilish, kasb va faoliyat turini erkin tanlash, xavfsizlik va gigiyena talablariga javob beradigan qulay mehnat sharoitlarida ishlash, mehnati uchun hech qanday kamsitishlarsiz hamda mehnatga haq to‘lashning belgilangan eng kam miqdoridan kam bo‘lmagan tarzda adolatli haq olish, shuningdek ishsizlikdan qonunda belgilangan tartibda himoyalanish huquqiga ega.
Mehnatga haq to‘lashning eng kam miqdori insonning munosib turmush darajasini ta’minlash zarurati hisobga olingan holda belgilanadi.
Homiladorligi yoki bolasi borligi sababli ayollarni ishga qabul qilishni rad etish, ishdan bo‘shatish va ularning ish haqini kamaytirish taqiqlanadi. (42-modda)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWomen and men have equal rights and responsibilities in the economic, political, cultural, occupational, social, and familial domains, as well as in any other domain. The State guarantees that both will be offered the same opportunities and possibilities.
… (Art. 43) - SpanishLa mujer y el hombre tienen iguales derechos y responsabilidades en lo económico, político, cultural, laboral, social, familiar y en cualquier otro ámbito. El Estado garantiza que se ofrezcan a ambos las mismas oportunidades y posibilidades.
… (Art. 43)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
The right to work is recognized and is equal for all.
It is prohibited to discriminate in matters of employment and of remuneration founded notably on sex, color, social origin, ethnicity or political opinion. (Art. 19) - French
Le droit au travail est reconnu et est égal pour tous.
Il est interdit de faire des discriminations en matière d’emploi et de rémunération en se fondant notamment sur le sexe, la couleur, l’origine sociale, l’ethnie ou l’opinion politique. (Art. 19)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) Special care shall be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after child-birth; and during those periods, working mothers shall be accorded paid leave.
(2) Facilities shall be provided for the care of children below school-going age to enable women, who have the traditional care for children, realise their full potential.
(3) Women shall be guaranteed equal rights to training and promotion without any impediments from any person. (Art. 27)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English…
(2) The State shall provide social security for the temporarily unemployed in accordance with conditions and procedures established by law.
… (Art. 51) - Bulgarian…
(2) Лицата, останали временно без работа, се осигуряват социално при условия и по ред, определени със закон.
… (Чл. 51)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork will be regulated by a Code which shall have as [its] principal objective the harmonizing of the relations between the employers [patronos] and [the] workers, establishing their rights and obligations. It shall be founded in general principles that tend to the improvement of the living conditions of the workers, and will especially include the following rights:
1) In a same business or establishment and in identical circumstances, to equal work must correspond [an] equal remuneration for the worker, without regard for [their] sex, race, creed, or nationality;
2) Every worker has the right to earn a minimum salary, which shall be set periodically. To set this salary[,] attention will be given to the cost of living, [to] the type of work, [to] the different systems of remuneration, [to] the distinct zones of production, and to other similar criteria. This salary must be sufficient to satisfy the normal necessities of the home of the worker in the material, moral and cultural orders.
For piecework [trabajos a destajo], contract work [por ajuste] or work for a lump sum [precio alzado], it is obligatory to assure the minimum wage per day ['ornada] of work;
3) The salary and the social payments [prestaciones], in the quantity determined by the law, are unattachable and cannot be compensated or retained, except for food [provision] obligations. The amounts for social security, union quota, or tax obligations, may also be retained. The implements [instrumentos] of labor of the worker are unattachable;
4) The salary must be paid in [the] current legal currency [moneda de curso legal].
The salary and the social payments constitute privileged credits in relation to the other credits that could exist against an employer [patrono];
5) The employers shall give their workers a premium [prima] for each year of work. The law will establish the form in which its quantity will be determined in relation to the salaries;
6) The ordinary workday [jornada] of effective daytime work will not exceed eight hours, and the work week [will not exceed] forty-four hours.
The maximum overtime hours [horas extraordinarias] for each type of work will be determined by the law.
Night work [jornada nocturna] and the [work] fulfilled in dangerous or unhealthy tasks, will be inferior to the daytime [work] and will be regulated by the law. The limitation of working hours will not be applied in cases of force majeure.
The law will determine the extension of the pauses that will interrupt the workday when, attending to biological reasons, the rhythm of the [pending] tasks so demands, and of those that must intercede between two workdays.
Overtime hours and night work will be remunerated with a surcharge [recargo];
7) Every worker has the right to one day of remunerated rest for each work week, in the form required by the law.
The workers who do not enjoy [a] rest [period] on the previously indicated days, will have the right to [an] extraordinary remuneration for the services rendered on those days and to compensatory leave;
8) The workers will have the right to remunerated rest on the holidays [días de asueto] that are designated by the law; [the law] will determine the types of work for which this provision will not apply, but in such cases, the workers will have the right to an extraordinary remuneration;
9) Every worker that accredits a minimum provision of services [performed] during a given period, will have the right to an annual paid vacation in the form determined by the law. The vacations may not be compensated in money, and to the obligation of the employer to grant them[,] corresponds the obligation of the worker to take them;
10) The minors of fourteen years of age or less, and those that having reached this age still remain subject to obligatory education by virtue of the law, may not be occupied in any type of work.
Their occupation can be authorized when it is considered indispensable for their subsistence or that of their family, provided that this does not prevent [the] compliance with the minimum of the obligatory education.
The workday of the minors of sixteen years of age cannot be more than six hours a day and thirty-four hours a week, in any kind of work.
Unhealthy or dangerous work is prohibited for persons under eighteen years of age and for women. Night work is also prohibited for persons under eighteen years of age.
The law will determine the dangerous and unhealthy labors;
11) The employer who discharges [despida] a worker without [a] just cause is obligated to indemnify him in accordance with the law;
12) The law will determine under which conditions employers are obligated to pay their permanent workers, who resign from their work, an economic compensation [prestación] which amount will be set [fijará] in relation to their salaries and the time of service.
The resignation produces its effects without the need for acceptance by the employer, but the refusal of the latter to pay the corresponding compensation constitutes a legal presumption of unfair discharge.
In the case of total and permanent disability or [the] death of the worker, the worker or his or her beneficiaries will have the right to the compensations they would receive in the case of voluntary resignation. (Art. 38) - SpanishEl trabajo estará regulado por un Código que tendrá por objeto principal armonizar las relaciones entre patronos y trabajadores, estableciendo sus derechos y obligaciones. Estará fundamentado en principios generales que tiendan al mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de los trabajadores, e incluirá especialmente los derechos siguientes:
1º- En una misma empresa o establecimiento y en idénticas circunstancias, a trabajo igual debe corresponder igual remuneración al trabajador, cualquiera que sea su sexo, raza, credo o nacionalidad;
2º- Todo trabajador tiene derecho a devengar un salario mínimo, que se fijará periódicamente. Para fijar este salario se atenderá sobre todo al costo de la vida, a la índole de la labor, a los diferentes sistemas de remuneración, a las distintas zonas de producción y a otros criterios similares. Este salario deberá ser suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades normales del hogar del trabajador en el orden material, moral y cultural.
En los trabajos a destajo, por ajuste o precio alzado, es obligatorio asegurar el salario mínimo por jornada de trabajo;
3º- El salario y las prestaciones sociales, en la cuantía que determine la ley, son inembargables y no se pueden compensar ni retener, salvo por obligaciones alimenticias. También pueden retenerse por obligaciones de seguridad social, cuotas sindicales o impuestos. Son inembargables los instrumentos de labor de los trabajadores;
4º- El salario debe pagarse en moneda de curso legal. El salario y las prestaciones sociales constituyen créditos privilegiados en relación con los demás créditos que puedan existir contra el patrono;
5º- Los patronos darán a sus trabajadores una prima por cada año de trabajo. La ley establecerá la forma en que se determinará su cuantía en relación con los salarios;
6º- La jornada ordinaria de trabajo efectivo diurno no excederá de ocho horas; y la semana laboral, de cuarenta y cuatro horas.
El máximo de horas extraordinarias para cada clase de trabajo será determinado por la ley.
La jornada nocturna y la que se cumpla en tareas peligrosas o insalubres, será inferior a la diurna y estará reglamentada por la ley. La limitación de la jornada no se aplicará en casos de fuerza mayor.
La ley determinará la extensión de las pausas que habrán de interrumpir la jornada cuando, atendiendo a causas biológicas, el ritmo de las tareas así lo exija, y la de aquellas que deberán mediar entre dos jornadas.
Las horas extraordinarias y el trabajo nocturno serán remunerados con recargo;
7º- Todo trabajador tiene derecho a un día de descanso remunerado por cada semana laboral, en la forma que exija la ley.
Los trabajadores que no gocen de descanso en los días indicados anteriormente, tendrán derecho a una remuneración extraordinaria por los servicios que presten en esos días y a un descanso compensatorio;
8º- Los trabajadores tendrán derecho a descanso remunerado en los días de asueto que señala la ley; ésta determinará la clase de labores en que no regirá esta disposición, pero en tales casos, los trabajadores tendrán derecho a remuneración extraordinaria;
9º- Todo trabajador que acredite una prestación mínima de servicios durante un lapso dado, tendrá derecho a vacaciones anuales remuneradas en la forma que determinará la ley. Las vacaciones no podrán compensarse en dinero, y a la obligación del patrono de darlas corresponde la del trabajador de tomarlas;
10º- Los menores de catorce años, y los que habiendo cumplido esa edad sigan sometidos a la enseñanza obligatoria en virtud de la ley, no podrán ser ocupados en ninguna clase de trabajo.
Podrá autorizarse su ocupación cuando se considere indispensable para la subsistencia de los mismos o de su familia, siempre que ello no les impida cumplir con el mínimo de instrucción obligatoria.
La jornada de los menores de dieciséis años no podrá ser mayor de seis horas diarias y de treinta y cuatro semanales, en cualquier clase de trabajo.
Se prohíbe el trabajo a los menores de dieciocho años y a las mujeres en labores insalubres o peligrosas. También se prohíbe el trabajo nocturno a los menores de dieciocho años.
La ley determinará las labores peligrosas o insalubres;
11º- El patrono que despida a un trabajador sin causa justificada está obligado a indemnizarlo conforme a la ley;
12º- La ley determinará las condiciones bajo las cuales los patronos estarán obligados a pagar a sus trabajadores permanentes, que renuncien a su trabajo, una prestación económica cuyo monto se fijará en relación con los salarios y el tiempo de servicio.
La renuncia produce sus efectos sin necesidad de aceptación del patrono, pero la negative de éste a pagar la correspondiente prestación constituye presunción legal de despido injusto.
En caso de incapacidad total y permanente o de muerte del trabajador, éste o sus beneficiarios tendrán derecho a las prestaciones que recibirían en el caso de renuncia voluntaria. (Art. 38)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe State recognizes to all citizens the right to work and creates the conditions which render its enjoyment effective. (Art. 30)
- FrenchL’Etat reconnaît à tous les citoyens le droit au travail et crée les conditions qui en rendent effective la jouissance. (Art. 30)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishNo one may be prejudiced in their work or in their employment for reason of gender, of age, of religion, of opinions, of origins, of belonging to a trade-union or of political convictions. (Art. 28)
- FrenchNul ne peut être lésé dans son travail ou dans son emploi en raison du sexe, de l'âge, de la religion, des opinions, des origines, de l'appartenance à une organisation syndicale ou des convictions politiques. (Art. 28)