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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) All Spaniards have the duty to work and the right to work, to the free choice of profession or trade, to advancement through work, and to a sufficient remuneration for the satisfaction of their needs and those of their families. Under no circumstances may they be discriminated on account of their sex.
(2) The law shall regulate a Workers' Statute. (Sec. 35) - Spanish1. Todos los españoles tienen el deber de trabajar y el derecho al trabajo, a la libre elección de profesión u oficio, a la promoción a través del trabajo y a una remuneración suficiente para satisfacer sus necesidades y las de su familia, sin que en ningún caso pueda hacerse discriminación por razón de sexo.
2. La ley regulará un estatuto de los trabajadores. (Art. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishLabor is the most important means of human development and an important source of wealth. (Art. 25)
- DutchArbeid is het belangrijkste middel voor de ontplooiing van de mens en een belangrijke bron van welvaart. (Art. 25)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) Every citizen is entitled to –
…
(g) the freedom to engage by himself or in association with others in any lawful occupation, profession, trade, business or enterprise ;
… (Art. 14) - Sinhala(1) සෑම පුරවැසියකුට ම -
…
(උ) එකලාව හෝ අන් අය හා සමග යම් නීත්යානුකූල රැකියාවක, වෘත්තියක, කර්මාන්තයක, වෙළඳ ව්යාපාරයක හෝ ව්යවසායක නියුක්ත වීමේ නිදහසට;
… (14 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
The following are rights of urban and rural workers, among others that aim to improve their social conditions:
I – employment protected against arbitrary dismissal or against dismissal without just cause, in accordance with a supplementary law which shall establish severance-pay, among other rights;
II – unemployment insurance, in the event of involuntary unemployment;
III – severance-pay fund;
IV – nationally unified minimum monthly wage, established by law, capable of satisfying their basic living needs and those of their families with housing, food, education, health, leisure, clothing, hygiene, transportation, and social security, with periodical adjustments to maintain its purchasing power, it being forbidden to use it as an index for any purpose;
V – a salary floor in proportion to the extent and complexity of the work;
VI – irreducibility of the wages, except when established in collective agreement or covenant;
VII – guarantee of wages never below the minimum one, for those receiving variable pay;
VIII – year-end one-salary bonus based on the full pay or on the amount of the pension;
IX – payrate for night-shift work higher than that for daytime work;
X – wage protection, as provided by law, with felonious withholding of wages being a crime;
XI – participation in the profits or results, independent of wages, and, exceptionally, participation in the management of the company, as defined by law;
XII – family allowance paid to each dependent of low-income workers, under the terms of the law;
XIII – normal working hours not exceeding eight hours per day and forty-four hours per week, with the option of compensating working hours and reducing the length of the workday through an agreement or a collective bargaining covenant;
XIV – a workday of six hours for work carried out in continuous shifts, unless otherwise established by collective bargaining;
XV – paid weekly leave, preferably on Sundays;
XVI – rate of pay for overtime at least fifty per cent higher than that of normal work;
XVII – annual vacation with remuneration at least one third higher than the normal salary;
XVIII – maternity leave without loss of job and of salary, for a period of one hundred and twenty days;
XIX – paternity leave, under the terms established by law;
XX – protection of the labour market for women through specific incentives, as provided by law;
XXI – advance notice of dismissal in proportion to the length of service, of at least thirty days, as provided by law;
XXII – reduction of employment related risks by means of health, hygiene and safety rules;
XXIII – additional remuneration for strenuous, unhealthy or dangerous work, as established by law;
XXIV – retirement pension;
XXV – free assistance for children and dependents of up to five years of age, in day-care centres and pre-school facilities;
XXVI – recognition of collective bargaining agreements and covenants;
XXVII – protection on account of automation, as established by law;
XXVIII – occupational accident insurance, to be paid for by the employer, without excluding the employer’s liability for indemnity in the event of malice or fault;
XXIX – legal action, with respect to credits arising from employment relationships, with a limitation of five years for urban and rural workers, up to the limit of two years after the end of the employment contract;
...
XXX – prohibition of any difference in wages, in the performance of duties and in hiring criteria by reason of sex, age, colour or marital status;
XXXI – prohibition of any discrimination with respect to wages and hiring criteria of handicapped workers;
XXXII – prohibition of any distinction between manual, technical, and intellectual work or among the respective professionals;
XXXIII – prohibition of night, dangerous, or unhealthy work for minors under eighteen years of age, and of any work for minors under sixteen years of age, except as an apprentice, for minors above fourteen years of age;
XXXIV – equal rights for workers with a permanent employment bond and for sporadic workers.
Sole paragraph. The category of domestic workers is ensured of the rights set forth in items IV, VI, VII, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXVI, XXX, XXXI, and XXXIII, and, observing the conditions established by law and with due regard for simplified compliance with both primary and ancillary tax obligations arising from labour relations and from their peculiarities, also of those rights set forth in items I, II, III, IX, XII, XXV, and XXVIII, as well as of integration in the Social Security system. (Art. 7) - Portuguese
São direitos dos trabalhadores urbanos e rurais, além de outros que visem à melhoria de sua condição social:
I - relação de emprego protegida contra despedida arbitrária ou sem justa causa, nos termos de lei complementar, que preverá indenização compensatória, dentre outros direitos;
II - seguro-desemprego, em caso de desemprego involuntário;
III - fundo de garantia do tempo de serviço;
IV - salário mínimo , fixado em lei, nacionalmente unificado, capaz de atender a suas necessidades vitais básicas e às de sua família com moradia, alimentação, educação, saúde, lazer, vestuário, higiene, transporte e previdência social, com reajustes periódicos que lhe preservem o poder aquisitivo, sendo vedada sua vinculação para qualquer fim;
V - piso salarial proporcional à extensão e à complexidade do trabalho;
VI - irredutibilidade do salário, salvo o disposto em convenção ou acordo coletivo;
VII - garantia de salário, nunca inferior ao mínimo, para os que percebem remuneração variável;
VIII - décimo terceiro salário com base na remuneração integral ou no valor da aposentadoria;
IX – remuneração do trabalho noturno superior à do diurno;
X - proteção do salário na forma da lei, constituindo crime sua retenção dolosa;
XI – participação nos lucros, ou resultados, desvinculada da remuneração, e, excepcionalmente, participação na gestão da empresa, conforme definido em lei;
XII - salário-família pago em razão do dependente do trabalhador de baixa renda nos termos da lei;
XIII - duração do trabalho normal não superior a oito horas diárias e quarenta e quatro semanais, facultada a compensação de horários e a redução da jornada, mediante acordo ou convenção coletiva de trabalho;
XIV - jornada de seis horas para o trabalho realizado em turnos ininterruptos de revezamento, salvo negociação coletiva;
XV - repouso semanal remunerado, preferencialmente aos domingos;
XVI - remuneração do serviço extraordinário superior, no mínimo, em cinqüenta por cento à do normal;
XVII - gozo de férias anuais remuneradas com, pelo menos, um terço a mais do que o salário normal;
XVIII - licença à gestante, sem prejuízo do emprego e do salário, com a duração de cento e vinte dias;
XIX - licença-paternidade, nos termos fixados em lei;
XX - proteção do mercado de trabalho da mulher, mediante incentivos específicos, nos termos da lei;
XXI - aviso prévio proporcional ao tempo de serviço, sendo no mínimo de trinta dias, nos termos da lei;
XXII - redução dos riscos inerentes ao trabalho, por meio de normas de saúde, higiene e segurança;
XXIII - adicional de remuneração para as atividades penosas, insalubres ou perigosas, na forma da lei;
XXIV - aposentadoria;
XXV - assistência gratuita aos filhos e dependentes desde o nascimento até 5 (cinco) anos de idade em creches e pré-escolas;
XXVI - reconhecimento das convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho;
XXVII - proteção em face da automação, na forma da lei;
XXVIII - seguro contra acidentes de trabalho, a cargo do empregador, sem excluir a indenização a que este está obrigado, quando incorrer em dolo ou culpa;
XXIX - ação, quanto aos créditos resultantes das relações de trabalho, com prazo prescricional de cinco anos para os trabalhadores urbanos e rurais, até o limite de dois anos após a extinção do contrato de trabalho;
...
XXX - proibição de diferença de salários, de exercício de funções e de critério de admissão por motivo de sexo, idade, cor ou estado civil;
XXXI - proibição de qualquer discriminação no tocante a salário e critérios de admissão do trabalhador portador de deficiência;
XXXII - proibição de distinção entre trabalho manual, técnico e intelectual ou entre os profissionais respectivos;
XXXIII - proibição de trabalho noturno, perigoso ou insalubre a menores de dezoito e de qualquer trabalho a menores de dezesseis anos, salvo na condição de aprendiz, a partir de quatorze anos;
XXXIV - igualdade de direitos entre o trabalhador com vínculo empregatício permanente e o trabalhador avulso.
Parágrafo único. São assegurados à categoria dos trabalhadores domésticos os direitos previstos nos incisos IV, VI, VII, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXVI, XXX, XXXI e XXXIII e, atendidas as condições estabelecidas em lei e observada a simplificação do cumprimento das obrigações tributárias, principais e acessórias, decorrentes da relação de trabalho e suas peculiaridades, os previstos nos incisos I, II, III, IX, XII, XXV e XXVIII, bem como a sua integração à previdência social. (Art. 7)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
(1) The primary functions of the Commission are—
…
(d) to promote equal employment opportunities (including pay equity); and
…
(2) The Commission has, in order to carry out its primary functions under subsection (1), the following functions:
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(n) to exercise the following functions in relation to equal employment opportunities:
(i) to evaluate, through the use of benchmarks developed by the Commission, the roles that legislation, guidelines, and voluntary codes of practice play in facilitating and promoting best practice in equal employment opportunities:
(ii) to lead the development of guidelines and voluntary codes of practice to facilitate and promote best practice in equal employment opportunities (including codes that identify related rights and obligations in legislation) in accordance with paragraph (e):
(iii) to monitor and analyse progress in improving equal employment opportunities in New Zealand and to report to the Minister on the results of that monitoring and analysis
(iv) to liaise with, and complement the work of, any trust or body that has as one of its purposes the promotion of equal employment opportunities:
… (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 5)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork is a social fact and shall enjoy the protection of the State. The law shall make the necessary provisions for improving the material, moral and intellectual conditions of workers. In order to fulfill this duty of the State, the following principles are established:
1. No law shall establish provisions that affect the intactness and progressive nature of labor rights and benefits. In labor relations, reality shall prevail over forms or appearances.
2. Labor rights are unrenounceable; any action, agreement or convention involving a waiver of or encroachment upon these rights is null and void. Concessions and settlements are possible only at the end of the employment relationship, in accordance with the requirements established by law.
3. When there are doubts concerning application or conflicts among several rules, or in the interpretation of a particular rule, that most favorable to the worker shall be applied. The rule applied must be applied in its entirety.
4. Any measure or act on the part of an employer in violation of this Constitution is null and void, and of no effect.
5. All types of discrimination because of political reasons, age, race, creed, sex or any other characteristic is prohibited.
… (Art. 89) - SpanishEl trabajo es un hecho social y gozará de la protección del Estado. La ley dispondrá lo necesario para mejorar las condiciones materiales, morales e intelectuales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Para el cumplimiento de esta obligación del Estado se establecen los siguientes principios:
1. Ninguna ley podrá establecer disposiciones que alteren la intangibilidad y progresividad de los derechos y beneficios laborales. En las relaciones laborales prevalece la realidad sobre las formas o apariencias.
2. Los derechos laborales son irrenunciables. Es nula toda acción, acuerdo o convenio que implique renuncia o menoscabo de estos derechos. Sólo es posible la transacción y convenimiento al término de la relación laboral, de conformidad con los requisitos que establezca la ley.
3. Cuando hubiere dudas acerca de la aplicación o concurrencia de varias normas, o en la interpretación de una determinada norma, se aplicará la más favorable al trabajador o trabajadora. La norma adoptada se aplicará en su integridad.
4. Toda medida o acto del patrono o patrona contrario a esta Constitución es nulo y no genera efecto alguno.
5. Se prohíbe todo tipo de discriminación por razones de política, edad, raza, sexo o credo o por cualquier otra condición.
… (Art. 89)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishEveryone shall have the right to work, to choose the profession, job, work protection and social protection during the unemployment. Wages for work shall not be less than the minimum wage.
Any limitation shall be prohibited in labor relations. Equal wages shall be paid for the same work.
Forced labor shall not be permitted, except in cases defined by law.
Using women and children labor shall be prohibited in heavy and underground works and in harmful conditions. (Art. 35) - RussianКаждый имеет право на труд, выбор профессии, работы, охрану труда и социальную защиту от безработицы. Заработная плата не должна быть ниже минимального размера оплаты труда.
Всякие ограничения в трудовых отношениях запрещаются. За равный труд выдается равная оплата.
Никто не может быть привлечен к принудительному труду за исключением случаев, определенных законом.
Использование труда женщин и несовершеннолетних на тяжелых и подземных работах, а также на работах с вредными условиями труда запрещается. (Статья 35) - TajikҲар кас ба меҳнат, интихоби касбу кор, ҳифзи меҳнат ва ҳимояи иҷтимоӣ ҳангоми бекорӣ ҳақ дорад. Музди кор аз ҳадди ақали музди меҳнат набояд кам бошад.
Дар муносибатҳои меҳнатӣ ҳама гуна маҳдудият манъ аст. Барои иҷрои кори якхела музди баробар дода мешавад.
Ҳеҷ кас ба меҳнати маҷбурӣ ҷалб карда намешавад, ба истиснои мавридҳое, ки қонун муайян кардааст....
Дар корҳои вазнин, зеризаминӣ ва шароити меҳнаташон зарарнок истифодаи меҳнати занон ва ноболиғон манъ аст. (Моддаи 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
…
Paragraph 3. The right to special protection shall include the following aspects:
I – minimum age of fourteen years for admission to work, with due regard to the provisions of article 7, XXXIII;
II – guarantee of social security and labour rights;
… (Art. 227) - Portuguese
…
§ 3º O direito a proteção especial abrangerá os seguintes aspectos:
I - idade mínima de quatorze anos para admissão ao trabalho, observado o disposto no art. 7º, XXXIII;
II - garantia de direitos previdenciários e trabalhistas;
… (Art. 227)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
(1) It is unlawful for a person (in the course of that person’s involvement in any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (2)) to treat adversely any other person, or to make an implied or overt threat to treat adversely any other person, on the ground that the other person is, or is suspected or assumed or believed to be, a person affected by domestic violence.
(2) The areas to which subsection (1) applies are—
(a) the making of an application for employment:
(b) employment, which term includes unpaid work.
(3) In this section, an employer treats adversely an employee if the employer—
(a) dismisses that employee, in circumstances in which other employees employed by that employer on work of that description are not or would not be dismissed or subjected to such detriment; or
(b) refuses or omits to offer or afford to that employee the same terms of employment, conditions of work, fringe benefits, or opportunities for training, promotion, and transfer as are made available for other employees of the same or substantially the same qualifications, experience, or skills employed in the same or substantially similar circumstances; or
(c) subjects that employee to any detriment, in circumstances in which other employees employed by that employer on work of that description are not or would not be subjected to such detriment; or
(d) retires that employee, or requires or causes that employee to retire or resign.
(4) For the purposes of this section,— child has the meaning given to it in section 8 of the Family Violence Act 2018
family violence has the meaning given to it in section 9 the Family Violence Act 2018, person affected by family violence means a person who is 1 or both of the following:
(a) a person against whom any other person is inflicting, or has inflicted, family violence:
(b) a person with whom there ordinarily or periodically resides a child against whom any other person is inflicting, or has inflicted, family violence.
(5) Subsection (1) applies regardless of how long ago the family violence occurred or is suspected or assumed or believed to have occurred, and even if the family violence occurred or is suspected or assumed or believed to have occurred before the person became an employee. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 62A)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork is the right of every Afghan. Working hours, paid holidays, employment and employee rights and related matters shall be regulated by the law. Choice of occupation and craft shall be free within the bounds of law. (Art. 48)
- Dariكار حق هر افغان است. تعیین ساعات كار، رخصتی با مزد، حقوق كار و كارگر و سایر امور مربوط به آن توسط قانون تنظیم میگردد. انتخاب شغل و حرفه، در حدود احكام قانون، آزاد می باشد. (مادۀ ۴۸)
- Pashtoكار، د هر افغان حق دي. د كار د ساعتونو ټاكل، او با معاشه رخصتي، د كار او كارگر حقوق او له هغو سره نورې مربوطې چارې د قانون له ليارې تنظيمېږي. د قانون د حكمونو په حدودو كې د كار او كسب انتخاب آزاد دى. (۴۸ ماده)