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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this article -
(a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect; and
(b) no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(2) In this article the expression ‘discriminatory’ means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their or their parents’ or guardians’ respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, creed, age, disability, marital status, sex, gender, language, birth, social class, pregnancy, religion, conscience, belief or culture whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which other persons of the same or another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not afforded to persons of another such description.
(3) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision -
…
(b) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law; or
(c) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.
(4) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of paragraph (1)(a) to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to a person’s or his or her parents’ or guardians’ respective description by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, age, disability, marital status, sex, gender, language, birth, social class, pregnancy, religion, conscience, belief or culture) to be required of any person who is appointed to any office in the public service, any office in a disciplined force, or any office in the service or of a local democratic organ or of a body corporate established by any law for public purposes.
(5) Paragraph (1)(b) shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in either of the two preceding paragraphs.
(6) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article to the extent that the law in question makes provision -
(a) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (2) may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by articles 143, 145, 146,147 and 148, being such a restriction as is authorised by article 143 (2), article 145(5), article 146(2), article 147(2) or article 148 (3), other than subparagraph (c) thereof, as the case may be;
(b) for the appropriation of revenue or other funds of Guyana; or
(c) for the protection, well-being or advancement of the Amerindians of Guyana.
(7) Paragraph (1)(b) shall not affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law. (Art. 149)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English… That every Turkish citizen has an innate right and power, to lead an honourable life and to improve his/her material and spiritual wellbeing under the aegis of national culture, civilization, and the rule of law, through the exercise of the fundamental rights and freedoms set forth in this Constitution, in conformity with the requirements of equality and social justice; … (Preamble)
- Turkish... Her Türk vatandaşının bu Anayasadaki temel hak ve hürriyetlerden eşitlik ve sosyal adalet gereklerince yararlanarak millî kültür, medeniyet ve hukuk düzeni içinde onurlu bir hayat sürdürme ve maddî ve manevî varlığını bu yönde geliştirme hak ve yetkisine doğuştan sahip olduğu; … (BAŞLANGIÇ)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishIn this Constitution –
(a) the masculine gender includes the female gender; and
(b) the feminine gender includes the masculine gender,
… (Schedule 1, Sec. 5)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting, inter alia, policies aimed at the following:
(a) enactment of legislation to ensure equality of opportunity for women, to enable them to participate fully in all spheres of Namibian society;
… (Art. 95)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishAll Panamanians and aliens are equal before the Law, but the Law, for reasons of labor, health, morality, public security and national economy, may subject to special conditions, or may deny the exercise of specific activities to aliens in general. … (Art. 20)
- SpanishLos panameños y los extranjeros son iguales ante la Ley, pero ésta podrá, por razones de trabajo, de salubridad, moralidad, seguridad pública y economía nacional, subordinar a condiciones especiales o negar el ejercicio de determinadas actividades a los extranjeros en general. … (Art. 20)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. All persons are equal before the law. No one may be discriminated against on grounds of birth, race, sex, origin, religion, opinions or any other personal or social condition.
2. Public authorities shall create the conditions in which the equality and the liberty of the individual may be real and effective. (Art. 6) - Catalan1. Totes les persones són iguals davant la llei. Ningú no pot ésser discriminat per raó de naixement, raça, sexe, origen, religió, opinió, o qualsevol altra condició personal o social.
2. Els poders públics han de crear les condicions per tal que la igualtat i la llibertat dels individus siguin reals i efectives. (Art. 6)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWhereas every person in Botswana is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest to each and all of the following, namely-
(a) … the protection of the law;
… (Sec. 3)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
The sovereign People of Senegal,
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PROCLAIM:
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- the rejection and the elimination, under all their forms[,] of injustice, of inequalities and of discriminations;
… (Preamble) - French
Le peuple du Sénégal souverain,
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PROCLAME :
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- le rejet et l’élimination, sous toutes leurs formes de l’injustice, des inégalités et des discriminations ;
… (Préambule)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe social order shall be based in principle on a society, wherein all Suriname citizens have equal rights and obligations. (Art. 45)
- DutchDe sociale ordening rust in beginsel op een samenleving, waarin alle Surinamers dezelfde rechten en plichten hebben. (Art. 45)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
As the homeland of free citizens enjoying equal rights, conscious of their duties towards others and their responsibility towards the community,
… (1993 Constitution, Preamble) - Czech…
jako vlast rovnoprávných, svobodných občanů, kteří jsou si vědomi svých povinností vůči druhým a zodpovědnosti vůči celku,
… (Ústava 1993, Preambule)