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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to subsections (6), (7), (8) and (9), a person shall not be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinions or affiliations, colour, sex or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages that are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision
…
(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons) of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description; or
(d) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage that, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinions or affiliations, colour, creed or sex) to be required of any person who is appointed to or to act in any office under the Crown, any office in the service of a local government authority or any office in a body corporate established by law for public purposes.
(6) Subsection (2) shall not apply to anything that is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or (5).
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) or (2) to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14, being such a restriction as is authorised by section 9(2), 11(5), 12(2) or 13(2) or, as the case may be, paragraph (a), (b), or (h) of section 14(3).
(8) Nothing in subsection (2) shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under any law.
(9) Nothing in subsection (2) shall apply in relation to the exercise of any function vested in any person or authority by any of the provisions of this Constitution except sections 78(1), 79(2), 80(1), 81(1), 82(1), 83 and 85 (which relate to the appointment etc. of public officers). (Sec. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishEvery individual is equal before and under the law, and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law. (Art. 20)
- Dhivehiޤާނޫނުގެ ކުރިމަތީގައި، އަދި އެ މީހެއްގެ މައްޗައް ޤާނޫނު ހިންގުމުގައި ކޮންމެ މީހަކީ ވެސް ހަމަހަމަވެގެންވާ މީހެކެވެ. އަދި ޤާނޫނުގެ ރައްކާތެރިކަމާއި، ޤާނޫނުން ލިބިދޭ މަންފާތައް ހަމަހަމަކަމާއެކު ލިބުމަކީ ހަމަ ކޮންމެ މީހެއްގެ ވެސް ޙައްޤެކެވެ. (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 20 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) All Spaniards have the same rights and obligations in any part of the State territory.
… (Sec. 139) - Spanish1. Todos los españoles tienen los mismos derechos y obligaciones en cualquier parte del territorio del Estado.
… (Art. 139)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) The Social Order of the State shall be founded on the ideals of Freedom, Equality and Justice.
(2) In furtherance of the Social Order—
a. every citizen shall have equality of rights, obligations, and opportunities before the law, and the State shall ensure that every citizen has an equal right and access to all opportunities and benefits based on merit;
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c. the Government shall secure and maintain the independence, impartiality and integrity of courts of law and unfettered access thereto, and to this end shall ensure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity, and that opportunities for securing justice are not denied any citizen by reason of economic or other disability.
… (Sec. 8)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is irrevocably free and independent, basing its moral property and values of freedom, equality, justice and international peace on the doctrine of Simon Bolivar, the Liberator. … (Art. 1)
- SpanishLa República Bolivariana de Venezuela es irrevocablemente libre e independiente y fundamenta su patrimonio moral y sus valores de libertad, igualdad, justicia y paz internacional, en la doctrina de Simón Bolívar, el Libertador. … (Art. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
…
– Justice, equality, and equal opportunities among citizens are pillars of society, guaranteed by the state.
…
– … The state shall guarantee equality between women and men,
... (Art. 15) - Arabic
...
– العدل والمساواة وتكافؤ الفرص بين المواطنين دعامات للمجتمع، تكفلها الدولة.
...
– ... وتكفل الدولة تحقيق المساواة بين المرأة والرجل،
... (المادّة ١٥)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
DECLARE that we are all Fijians united by common and equal citizenry;
… (Preamble) - iTaukei…
TUSANAKA nida sa kai Viti eda sa dua bau na umatamata;
… (Ikau)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English...
5. In adjudicating cases of both civil and criminal nature, the courts shall, subject to the law, apply, inter alia, the following principles:
a. justice shall be done to all irrespective of their social, political or economic status, gender, religion or beliefs;
… (Art. 122)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishPeople are equal in human dignity, and citizens are equal before the law in public rights and duties. There shall be no discrimination among them on the basis of sex, origin, language, religion or creed. (Art. 18)
- Arabicالناس سواسية في الكرامة الإنسانية، ويتساوى المواطنون لدى القانون في الحقوق والواجبات العامة، لا تمييز بينهم في ذلك بسبب الجنس أو الأصل أو اللغة أو الدين أو العقيدة. (المادّة 18)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishAll persons are equal before the law and there shall be no discrimination whatsoever on grounds of sex, race, language, or religion. (Art. 35)
- Arabicالنّاس متساوون أمام القانون. لا تمييز بينهم في ذلك بسبب الجنس، أو الأصل، أو اللّغة، أو الدّين. (المادّة 35)