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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 452 RESULTS
Limitations and/or Derogations
Lesotho
- English1. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of an Act of Parliament shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 6, section 18 or section 19 of this Constitution to the extent that the Act authorises the taking during any period when Lesotho is at war or when a declaration of emergency under section 23 of this Constitution is in force of measures that are necessary in a practical sense in a democratic society for dealing with the situation that exists in Lesotho during that period.
… (Sec. 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Zambia
- EnglishNothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of Articles 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 to the extent that it is shown that the law in question authorises the taking, during any period when the Republic is at war or when a declaration under Article 30 is in force, of measures for the purpose of dealing with any situation existing or arising during that period; and nothing done by any person under the authority of any such law shall be held to be in contravention of any of the said provisions if it is shown that the measures taken were, having due regard to the circumstances prevailing at the time, reasonably required for the purpose of dealing with the situation in question. (Art. 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Poland
- English1. In situations of particular danger, if ordinary constitutional measures are inadequate, any of the following appropriate extraordinary measures may be introduced: martial law, a state of emergency or a state of natural disaster.
2. Extraordinary measures may be introduced only by regulation, issued upon the basis of statute, and which shall additionally require to be publicized.
3. The principles for activity by organs of public authority as well as the degree to which the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens may be subject to limitation for the duration of a period requiring any extraordinary measures shall be established by statute.
4. A statute may specify the principles, scope and manner of compensating for loss of property resulting from limitation of the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens during a period requiring introduction of extraordinary measures.
5. Actions undertaken as a result of the introduction of any extraordinary measure shall be proportionate to the degree of threat and shall be intended to achieve the swiftest restoration of conditions allowing for the normal functioning of the State.
6. During a period of introduction of extraordinary measures, the following shall not be subject to change: the Constitution, the Acts on Elections to the Sejm, the Senate and organs of local self-governments, the Act on Elections to the Presidency, as well as statutes on extraordinary measures.
7. During a period of introduction of extraordinary measures, as well as within the period of 90 days following its termination, the term of office of the Sejm may not be shortened, nor may a nationwide referendum, nor elections to the Sejm, Senate, organs of local self-government nor elections for the Presidency be held, and the term of office of such organs shall be appropriately prolonged. Elections to organs of local self-government shall be possible only in those places where the extraordinary measures have not been introduced. (Art. 228) - Polish1. W sytuacjach szczególnych zagrożeń, jeżeli zwykłe środki konstytucyjne są niewystarczające, może zostać wprowadzony odpowiedni stan nadzwyczajny: stan wojenny, stan wyjątkowy lub stan klęski żywiołowej.
2. Stan nadzwyczajny może być wprowadzony tylko na podstawie ustawy, w drodze rozporządzenia, które podlega dodatkowemu podaniu do publicznej wiadomości.
3. Zasady działania organów władzy publicznej oraz zakres, w jakim mogą zostać ograniczone wolności i prawa człowieka i obywatela w czasie poszczególnych stanów nadzwyczajnych, określa ustawa.
4. Ustawa może określić podstawy, zakres i tryb wyrównywania strat majątkowych wynikających z ograniczenia w czasie stanu nadzwyczajnego wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela.
5. Działania podjęte w wyniku wprowadzenia stanu nadzwyczajnego muszą odpowiadać stopniowi zagrożenia i powinny zmierzać do jak najszybszego przywrócenia normalnego funkcjonowania państwa.
6. W czasie stanu nadzwyczajnego nie mogą być zmienione: Konstytucja, ordynacje wyborcze do Sejmu, Senatu i organów samorządu terytorialnego, ustawa o wyborze Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej oraz ustawy o stanach nadzwyczajnych.
7. W czasie stanu nadzwyczajnego oraz w ciągu 90 dni po jego zakończeniu nie może być skrócona kadencja Sejmu, przeprowadzane referendum ogólnokrajowe, nie mogą być przeprowadzane wybory do Sejmu, Senatu, organów samorządu terytorialnego oraz wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej, a kadencje tych organów ulegają odpowiedniemu przedłużeniu. Wybory do organów samorządu terytorialnego są możliwe tylko tam, gdzie nie został wprowadzony stan nadzwyczajny. (Art. 228)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Neither the Pluri-National Legislative Assembly, nor any other body or institution, nor association or popular group of any kind, shall grant to a body or person any extraordinary authorities different than those established in this Constitution.
II. Public Power may not be accumulated, nor may any body or person be granted supremacy over the rights and guarantees recognized in this Constitution.
III. The reform of the Constitution may not be initiated while there is a state of emergency in force. (Art. 140) - SpanishI. Ni la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional, ni ningún otro órgano o institución, ni asociación o reunión popular de ninguna clase, podrán conceder a órgano o persona alguna facultades extraordinarias diferentes a las establecidas en esta Constitución.
II. No podrá acumularse el Poder Público, ni otorgarse supremacía por la que los derechos y garantías reconocidos en esta Constitución queden a merced de órgano o persona alguna.
III. La reforma de la Constitución no podrá iniciarse mientras esté vigente un estado de excepción. (Art. 140)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Indonesia
- English(1) The rights to life, freedom from torture, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion, freedom from enslavement, recognition as a person before the law, and the right not to be tried under a law with retrospective effect are all human rights that cannot be limited under any circumstances.
… (Art. 28I) - Indonesian(1) Hak untuk hidup, hak untuk tidak disiksa, hak kemerdekaan pikiran dan hati nurani, hak beragama, hak untuk tidak diperbudak, hak untuk diakui sebagai pribadi di hadapan hukum, dan hak untuk tidak dituntut atas dasar hukum yang berlaku surut adalah hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apa pun.
… (Pasal 28I)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Spain
- English(1) The rights recognized in sections 17, 18, subsections 2 and 3, sections 19, sections 21, 28, subsection 2, and section 37, subsection 2, may be suspended when a state of emergency or siege (martial law) is declared under the terms provided in the Constitution. Subsection 3 of section 17 is excepted from the foregoing provisions in the event of the declaration of a state of emergency.
(2) An organic act may determine the manner and the circumstances in which, on an individual basis and with the necessary participation of the courts and proper parliamentary control, the rights recognized in section 17, subsection 2, and 18, subsections 2 and 3, may be suspended for specific persons in connection with investigations of the activities of armed bands or terrorist groups.
Unwarranted or abusive use of the powers recognized in the foregoing organic act shall give rise to criminal liability as a violation of the rights and freedoms recognized by the laws. 20, subsection 1, paragraphs a) and d), and subsection 5. (Sec. 55) - Spanish1. Los derechos reconocidos en los artículos 17, 18, apartados 2 y 3, artículos 19, 20, apartados 1 a) y d), y 5, artículos 21, 28, apartado 2, y artículo 37, apartado 2, podrán ser suspendidos cuando se acuerde la declaración del estado de excepción o de sitio en los términos previstos en la Constitución. Se exceptúa de lo establecido anteriormente el apartado 3 del artículo 17 para el supuesto de declaración de estado de excepción.
2. Una ley orgánica podrá determinar la forma y los casos en los que, de forma individual y con la necesaria intervención judicial y el adecuado control parlamentario, los derechos reconocidos en los artículos 17, apartado 2, y 18, apartados 2 y 3, pueden ser suspendidos para personas determinadas, en relación con las investigaciones correspondientes a la actuación de bandas armadas o elementos terroristas.
La utilización injustificada o abusiva de las facultades reconocidas en dicha ley orgánica producirá responsabilidad penal, como violación de los derechos y libertades reconocidos por las leyes. (Art. 55)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Colombia
- EnglishWhen events different from those provided for in Articles 212 and 213 occur that disrupt or threaten to disrupt in serious or imminent manner the economic, social, or ecological order of the country or which constitute a grave public calamity, the President, with the signature of all the Ministers, can declare a State of Emergency for periods up to thirty days in each case which, added up, must not exceed ninety days in a calendar year.
By means of such a declaration, which must be substantiated, the President can, with the signature of all the Ministers, issue decrees with the force of law, intended exclusively to ward off the crisis and impede the extension of its effects.
…
The Government may not infringe [desmejorar] on the social rights of workers through the decrees contemplated in this Article.
… (Art. 215) - SpanishCuando sobrevengan hechos distintos de los previstos en los artículos 212 y 213 que perturben o amenacen perturbar en forma grave e inminente el orden económico, social y ecológico del país, o que constituyan grave calamidad pública, podrá el Presidente, con la firma de todos los ministros, declarar el Estado de Emergencia por períodos hasta de treinta días en cada caso, que sumados no podrán exceder de noventa días en el año calendario.
Mediante tal declaración, que deberá ser motivada, podrá el Presidente, con la firma de todos los ministros, dictar decretos con fuerza de ley, destinados exclusivamente a conjurar la crisis y a impedir la extensión de sus efectos.
…
El Gobierno no podrá desmejorar los derechos sociales de los trabajadores mediante los decretos contemplados en este artículo.
… (Art. 215)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Kuwait
- EnglishNo provision of this Constitution may be suspended save in the course of Martial Law and within the limits determined by Law. National Assembly conventions may not, in any circumstance, be suspended during that period, nor may the immunity of its members be violated. (Art. 181)
- Arabicلا يجوز تعطيل أي حكم من أحكام هذا الدستور إلا أثناء قيام الأحكام العرفية في الحدود التي يبينها القانون. ولا يجوز بأي حال تعطيل انعقاد مجلس الأمة في تلك الأثناء أو المساس بحصانة أعضائه. (المادّة 181)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Fiji
- English…
(4) A legal person has the rights and freedoms recognised in this Chapter, to the extent required by the nature of the right or freedom, and the nature of the particular legal person.
(5) The rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter apply according to their tenor and may be limited by—
(a) limitations expressly prescribed, authorised or permitted (whether by or under a written law) in relation to a particular right or freedom in this Chapter;
(b) limitations prescribed or set out in, or authorised or permitted by, other provisions of this Constitution; or
(c) limitations which are not expressly set out or authorised (whether by or under a written law) in relation to a particular right or freedom in this Chapter, but which are necessary and are prescribed by a law or provided under a law or authorised or permitted by a law or by actions taken under the authority of a law.
… (Sec. 6) - iTaukei…
(4) Na matakabani e tu vua na dodonu kei na galala me vaka e virikotori ena Wase qo, me yacova na kena iyalayala e vakatarai me vakayagataki kina na dodonu se na galala qo ka na vakatautaki tale ga ena ituvaki ni matakabani.
(5) Na dodonu kei na galala e vakamacalataki ena Wase qo ena rawa ni yalani ena—
(a) so na vanua vakarautaki se vakadonui (veitalia ke virikotori ena lawa tabaki se sega) ena tiki ni dodonu se galala ena Wase qo;
(b) so na vanua vakarautaki se vakadonui ena dua na tikina vakarautaki ena Yavunivakavulewa qo; se
(c) so na vanua e sega ni vakarautaki se vakadonui (veitalia ke virikotori ena lawa tabaki se sega) ena tiki ni dodonu se galala ena Wase qo; ia e gadrevi ka tauyavutaki vakalawa se vakarautaki ena dua na lawa se vakadonui vakalawa se vakayacori ena veivakadonui vakalawa.
… (Sec. 6)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Ecuador
- EnglishThe following rights of persons are recognized and guaranteed:
…
5. The right to freely develop one's personality, without any constraints other than respect for the rights of others.
… (Art. 66) - SpanishSe reconoce y garantizará a las personas:
...
5. El derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, sin más limitaciones que los derechos de los demás.
... (Art. 66)