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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
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Paragraph 4. No proposal of amendment shall be considered which is aimed at abolishing:
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IV – individual rights and guarantees.
… (Art. 60) - Portuguese
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§ 4º Não será objeto de deliberação a proposta de emenda tendente a abolir:
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IV - os direitos e garantias individuais.
… (Art. 60)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishDuring the proclaimed state of war or emergency, the exercise of certain human rights and freedoms may be limited, to the necessary extent.
The limitations shall not be introduced on the grounds of sex, nationality, race, religion, language, ethnic or social origin, political or other beliefs, financial standing or any other personal feature.
There shall be no limitations imposed on the rights to: life, legal remedy and legal aid; dignity and respect of a person; fair and public trail and the principle of legality; presumption of innocence; defence; compensation of damage for illegal or ungrounded deprivation of liberty and ungrounded conviction; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; entry into marriage.
There shall be no abolishment of the prohibition of: inflicting or encouraging hatred or intolerance; discrimination; trial and conviction twice for one and the same criminal offence (ne bis in idem); forced assimilation.
Measures of limitation may be in effect at the most for the duration of the state of war or emergency. (Art. 25) - MontenegrinZa vrijeme proglašenog ratnog ili vanrednog stanja može se ograničiti ostvarivanje pojedinih ljudskih prava i sloboda, u obimu u kojem je to neophodno.
Ograničenje se ne smije činiti po osnovu pola, nacionalnosti, rase, vjere, jezika, etničkog ili društvenog porijekla, političkog ili drugog uvjerenja, imovnog stanja ili bilo kakvog drugog ličnog svojstva.
Ne mogu se ograničiti prava na: život; pravni lijek i pravnu pomoć; dostojanstvo i poštovanje ličnosti; pravično i javno suđenje i načelo zakonitosti; pretpostavku nevinosti; odbranu; naknadu štete za nezakonito ili neosnovano lišenje slobode i neosnovanu osudu; slobodu misli, savjesti i vjeroispovijesti; zaključenje braka.
Ne mogu se ukidati zabrane: izazivanja ili podsticanja mržnje ili netrpeljivosti; diskriminacije; ponovnog suđenja i osude za isto krivično djelo; nasilne asimilacije.
Mjere ograničenja mogu važiti najduže dok traje ratno ili vanredno stanje. (Član 25)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
1. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of a law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 58 or section 169 to the extent that the law authorises the taking during any period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiable for dealing with the situation that exists in Mauritius during that period:
Provided that no law, to the extent that it authorises the taking during a period of public emergency, other than a period during which Mauritius is at war, of measures that would be inconsistent with or in contravention of section 5 or section 16 if taken otherwise than during a period of public emergency, shall have effect unless there is in force a Proclamation of the President declaring that, because of the situation existing at the time, the measures authorised by the law are required in the interests of peace, order and good government.
… (Sec. 18)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English[The following] are duties and attributions that correspond jointly to the President and to the respective Minister of Government:
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4. In the recesses of the Legislative Assembly, to decree the suspension of [the] rights and guarantees that paragraph 7) of Article 121 refers to[,] in the same cases and with the same limitations established there[,] and immediately give account to the Assembly. The decree of suspension of guarantees is equivalent, ipso facto, to the convocation of the Assembly to sessions, which must meet within the following forty-eight hours. If the Assembly does not confirm the measure by two-thirds of the votes of the totality of its members, the guarantees will be considered restored.
… (Art. 140) - SpanishSon deberes y atribuciones que corresponden conjuntamente al Presidente y al respectivo Ministro de Gobierno:
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4) En los recesos de la Asamblea Legislativa, decretar la suspensión de derechos y garantías a que se refiere el inciso 7) del artículo 121 en los mismos casos y con las mismas limitaciones que allí se establecen y dar cuenta inmediatamente a la Asamblea. El decreto de suspensión de garantías equivale, ipso facto, a la convocatoria de la Asamblea a sesiones, la cual deberá reunirse dentro de las cuarenta y ocho horas siguientes. Si la Asamblea no confirmare la medida por dos tercios de votos de la totalidad de sus miembros, se tendrán por restablecidas las garantías.
… (Art. 140)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English…
2. In the Russian Federation no laws must be adopted which abolish or diminish human and civil rights and freedoms.
3. Human and civil rights and freedoms may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary for the protection of the basis of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and lawful interests of other people, and for ensuring the defence of the country and the security of the State. (Art. 55) - Russian…
2. В Российской Федерации не должны издаваться законы, отменяющие или умаляющие права и свободы человека и гражданина.
3. Права и свободы человека и гражданина могут быть ограничены федеральным законом только в той мере, в какой это необходимо в целях защиты основ конституционного строя, нравственности, здоровья, прав и законных интересов других лиц, обеспечения обороны страны и безопасности государства. (Статья 55)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall be entitled to decree a State of Exception throughout the country's territory or in part of this territory in the event of aggression, international or domestic armed conflict, severe domestic unrest, public calamity or natural disaster. The declaration of a State of Exception shall not interrupt the activities of the State's duties.
The State of Exception shall observe the principles of needs, proportionality, legality, temporariness, territoriality and reasonableness. The decree establishing the State of Exception shall indicate its cause and motivation, territorial scope of application, period of duration, measures that must be applied, the rights that can be suspended or restricted and the notifications that correspond, in accordance with the Constitution and international treaties. (Art. 164) - SpanishLa Presidenta o Presidente de la República podrá decretar el estado de excepción en todo el territorio nacional o en parte de él en caso de agresión, conflicto armado internacional o interno, grave conmoción interna, calamidad pública o desastre natural. La declaración del estado de excepción no interrumpirá las actividades de las funciones del Estado.
El estado de excepción observará los principios de necesidad, proporcionalidad, legalidad, temporalidad, territorialidad y razonabilidad. El decreto que establezca el estado de excepción contendrá la determinación de la causal y su motivación, ámbito territorial de aplicación, el periodo de duración, las medidas que deberán aplicarse, los derechos que podrán suspenderse o limitarse y las notificaciones que correspondan de acuerdo a la Constitución y a los tratados internacionales. (Art. 164)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishRestricting or limiting the practice of any of the rights or liberties stipulated in this Constitution is prohibited, except by a law or on the basis of a law, and insofar as that limitation or restriction does not violate the essence of the right or freedom. (Art. 46)
- Arabicلا يكون تقييد ممارسة أيٍ من الحقوق والحريات الواردة في هذا الدستور أو تحديدها الا بقانون أو بناءً عليه، على ان لا يمس ذلك التحديد والتقييد جوهر الحق أو الحرية. (المادة 46)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1 All significant provisions that establish binding legal rules must be enacted in the form of a federal act. These include in particular fundamental provisions on:
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b. the restriction of constitutional rights;
… (Art. 164) - French1 Toutes les dispositions importantes qui fixent des règles de droit doivent être édictées sous la forme d’une loi fédérale. Appartiennent en particulier à cette catégorie les dispositions fondamentales relatives:
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b. à la restriction des droits constitutionnels;
… (Art. 164) - German1 Alle wichtigen rechtsetzenden Bestimmungen sind in der Form des Bundesgesetzes zu erlassen. Dazu gehören insbesondere die grundlegenden Bestimmungen über:
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b. die Einschränkungen verfassungsmässiger Rechte;
… (Art. 164) - Italian1 Tutte le disposizioni importanti che contengono norme di diritto sono emanate sotto forma di legge federale. Vi rientrano in particolare le disposizioni fondamentali in materia di:
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b. restrizioni dei diritti costituzionali;
… (Art. 164)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe exercise of the rights established in articles 69, 71, 72, 78, 81, 84, 93, 99 and 103 may be suspended in the event of invasion of the national territory, serious disturbance of the peace, an epidemic, or other general disaster, or by the president of the republic in agreement with the Council of Ministers, by means of a decree that shall contain:
1. The reasons justifying the suspension;
2. The guarantee or guarantees that are restricted;
3. The territory to be affected by the restriction; and
4. The duration of the restriction. In addition, Congress shall be convened by the same decree in order that, within a period of thirty days, it may take cognizance of the decree and ratify, modify, or reject it.
In the event that Congress is in session, it shall take immediate cognizance of the decree.
The restriction of guarantees shall not exceed a period of forty-five days for each time it is decreed.
If before the expiration of the period set for the restriction the causes underlying the decree have disappeared, it shall cease to be effective and, in this case, every citizen shall have the right to urge its revision. Upon expiration of the period of forty-five days, the guarantees shall be restored automatically unless a new restriction has been decreed.
Restriction of guarantees decreed shall in no way affect the functioning of the state agencies, whose members shall always enjoy the immunities and privileges granted by law. (Art. 187) - SpanishEl ejercicio de los derechos establecidos en los Artículo 69, 71, 72, 78, 81, 84, 93, 99 y 103, podrán suspenderse en caso de invasión del territorio nacional, perturbación grave de la paz, de epidemia o de cualquier otra calamidad general, por el Presidente de la República, de acuerdo con el Consejo de Ministros, por medio de un Decreto que contendrá:
1. Los motivos que lo justifiquen;
2. La garantía o garantías que se restrinjan;
3. El territorio que afectará la restricción; y,
4. El tiempo que durará ésta. Además se convocará en el mismo decreto al Congreso Nacional para que dentro del plazo de (30) treinta días, conozca de dicho decreto y lo ratifique, modifique o impruebe.
En caso que estuviere reunido, conocerá inmediatamente del decreto.
La restricción de garantías no podrá exceder de un plazo de (45) cuarenta y cinco días por cada vez que se decrete.
Si antes de que venza el plazo señalado para la restricción, hubieren desaparecido las causas que motivaron el decreto, se hará cesar en sus efectos, y en este caso todo ciudadano tiene el derecho para instar su revisión. Vencido el plazo de (45) cuarenta y cinco días, automáticamente quedan restablecidas las garantías, salvo que se hubiere dictado nuevo decreto de restricción.
La restricción de garantías decretada, en modo alguno afectará el funcionamiento de los organismos del Estado, cuyos miembros gozarán siempre de las inmunidades y prerrogativas que les conceda la ley. (Art. 187)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(a) This Constitution guarantees to all persons, in a manner that is not contrary to any tenet of Islam, the rights and freedoms contained within this Chapter5 subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by a law enacted by the People’s Majlis in a manner that is not contrary to this Constitution. Any such law enacted by the People’s Majlis can limit the rights and freedoms to any extent only if demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
(b) The limitation of a right or freedom specified in this Chapter by a law enacted by the People’s Majlis as provided for in this Constitution, and in order to protect and maintain the tenets of Islam, shall not be contrary to article (a).
(c) In deciding whether a right or freedom in this Chapter, has been limited in accordance with article (a) and (b), a court must be fully cognisant of and make reference to all the facts, including:
1. the nature and character of the right or freedom;
2. the purpose and importance of limiting the right or freedom;
3. the extent and manner of limiting the right or freedom;
4. the relationship between the limitation of the right or freedom and the importance of the right or freedom;
5. the extent to which the objective for which the right or freedom has been limited could have been achieved by limiting the right or freedom to a lesser degree;
6. the extent to which the right or freedom must be limited in order to protect the tenets of Islam, where the right or freedom has been limited pursuant to article (b).
(d) The onus of establishing that the limitation to any extent, of a right or freedom included in this Chapter is within the reasonable limitations prescribed in this Constitution is on the State or the person asserting the limitation of the right or freedom. (Art. 16) - Dhivehi(ހ) މި ބާބުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ އެންމެހައި ޙައްޤުތަކާއި މިނިވްނަކަން އިސްލާމްދީނުގެ އަޞްލަކާ ޚިލާފު ނުވާނޭ ގޮތުގެމަތީން ކޮންމެ މީހަކަށްމެ ލިބިގެންވާކަން މިޤާނޫނުއަސާސީ ކަށަވަރުކޮށްދެއެވެ. އަދި މިއިން އެއްވެސް ޙާއްޤެއްގެ ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ އެއްވެސް މިންވަރެއެއް ހިފެހެއްޓޭނީ މިޤާނޫނުއަސާސީއާ ތަޢާރުޟްނުވާ ގޮތުގެމަތީން، ރައްޔިތުންގެ މަޖިލީހުން ފާސްކުރާ ޤާނޫނަކުން ވެސް އެއިން ޙައްޤެއްޤެ ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ އެއްވެސް މިންވަރެއެއް ހިފެހެއްޓޭނީ، މިނިވަން، ދީމިޤްރާތީ މުޖުތަމައެއްގައި މިފަދަ ހައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފެހެއްޓިދާނެކަމަށް ޤަބޫލުކުރެވޭ މިންވަރަކަށެވެ.
(ށ) އިސްލާމްދީނުގެ އަސްލުތައް ރައްކާތެރިކޮށް ދެމެހެއްޓުމަށްޓަކައި، މި ބާބުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއް މި ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ގޮތުގެމަތީން، ރައްޔިތުންގެ މަޖިލީހުން ފާސްކުރާ ޤާނޫނަކުން ހިފެހެއްޓުމަކަށް މި މާއްދާގެ (ހ) ހުރަހެއް ނާޅައެވެ.
(ނ) މި ބާބުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ޙައްޤެއްގެ ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ އެއްވެސް މިންވަރެއް ހިފަހައްޓައިފައިވަނީ މި މާއްދާގެ (ހ) އާއި (ށ) ގައިވާ ގޮތުގެ މަތީންތޯ ކަނޑައެޅުމުގައި ކޯޓުން އެ ކަމަކާ ގުޅޭ ހުރިހައި ކަންތައްތަކަށް ފުރިހަމައަށް ރިޢާޔަތްކުރާން ވާނެއެވެ. މީގެތެރޭގައި އަންނަނިވި ކަންތައް ހިމެނެއެވެ.
1. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ ޒާތާއި ބާވަތް.
2. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފެހެއްޓުމުގެ ބޭނުމާއި، މުހިންމުކަން.
3. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެމިނިވަންކަމަމެއް ހިފެހައްޓައިފައިވާ ގޮތާއި މިންވަރު.
4. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފެހެއްޓި ހިފެހެއްޓުމާ އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ މުހިންމުކަމާ ހުރި ގުޅުން.
5. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފަހައްޓައިފައިވާ މިންވަތައްވުރެ ކުޑަކޮށް ހިފަހައްޓައިގެން ބޭނުންވާ މަޤްސަދު ޙަސިލްކުރެވިދާނެތޯ
6. އެ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެ މިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފަހައްޓައިފައިވަނީ މި މާއްދާގެ (ށ) ގެ ދަށުން ނަމަ، އިސްލާމްދީނުގެ އަސްލުތައް ރައްކާތެރިކުރުމަށްޓަކައި އެ ހައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެމިނިވަންކަމެއް ކޮންމެހެން ހިފަހައްޓާންޖެހޭތޯ.
(ރ) މި ބާބުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއްގެ އެއްވެސް މިންވަރެއް ހިފަހައްޓައިފައިވަނީ މި ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ ގޮތުގެމަތީން އެކަށީގެންވާ މިންވަރަކަށްކަން ސާބިތުކޮށްދިނުމަކީ ދައުލަތުގެ ނުވަތަ އެޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ އެމިނިވަންކަމެއް ހިފެހެއްޓި ފަރާތެއްގެ ޒިންމާ އެކެވެ. (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 16 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)