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Marriage and Family Life
- English1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution any matter relating to betrothal, marriage, nullity of marriage of members of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall, on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, be governed by the law of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of the Church of such religious group, as the case may be. A Law shall provide for an attempt of reconciliation or of spiritual dissolution of marriage to be made before a Bishop.
2. A. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed:
a) For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well.
b) For any other trial, or one judge as a law shall provide.
B. The divorce is maintainable only—
a) For the grounds, under the Charter of the Holy Church of Cyprus, as are in force at the date of Enactment by the House of Representatives, of the First Amendment of the Constitution Law of 1989, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution;
b) When the relations of the spouses have been so strongly shaken by a ground concerning the person of the defendant or of both spouses, which justifiably render continuation of the marital relation intolerable for the plaintiff; and
c) For any other ground that a law may provide after the views of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus are being heard.
3. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of a religious group for which the provisions of the third paragraph of section 2 apply, shall be cognizable by a family court for which a law shall determine its establishment, composition and jurisdiction, mutatis mutandis to the above.
4. Law shall provide for appeal against decisions of the family courts, for the composition of those who shall adjudicate and decide on these appeals and for the jurisdiction and powers of these appellate courts. A law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph may provide that the appellate court may be composed of one or more judges of the Supreme Court, sitting alone or together with another judge or other judges belonging to the judicial service of the Republic as the law may provide.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section, the free choice of a civil marriage is offered to the members of the Greek Community.
6. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article contained shall preclude the application of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article 90 to the execution of any judgment or order of any such tribunal. (Art. 111) - Greek(1).-Τηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν ή εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς τον αρραβώνα, τον γάμον, το κύρος του γάμου, διέπεται από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ή υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου εκάστης θρησκευτικής ομάδος, αναλόγως της περιπτώσεως.
Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της ενώπιον Επισκόπου αποπείρας συνδιαλλαγής ή της πνευματικής λύσης του γάμου.
(2).-Α. Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων έκαστον των οποίων σύγκειται:
(α) Εις την περί διαζυγίου δίκην εκ τριών δικαστών, ο είς των οποίων είναι αξιωματούχος κληρικός, νομομαθής διοριζόμενος υπό της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας και προεδρεύσει τούτου, οι δε έτεροι δύο επιλέγονται μεταξύ νομομαθών ανωτάτου επαγγελματικού και ηθικού επιπέδου ανηκόντων εις την υπό του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. Εις ην περίπτωσιν το Ανώτατον Δικαστήριον διορίζει και τον Πρόεδρον του Δικαστηρίου.
(β) Εις πάσαν άλλην δίκην εξ' ενός δικαστού ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
Β. Το διαζύγιον χωρεί μόνον-
(α) Διά τους εις το Καταστατικόν της Αγιωτάτης Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου λόγους ως ούτοι ισχύουν κατά την ημερομηνίαν ψηφίσεως υπό της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων του περί της Πρώτης Τροποποιήσεως του Συντάγματος Νόμου του 1989, εφ' όσον ούτοι δεν αντίκεινται προς το Σύνταγμα·
(β) όταν αι μεταξύ των συζύγων σχέσεις έχουν κλονισθή τόσον ισχυρώς από λόγον ο οποίος αφορά το ώστε βασίμως η εξακολούθησις της εγγάμου σχέσεως να είναι αφόρητος διά τον ενάγοντα· και
(γ) δι' οιονδήποτε έτερον λόγον ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει, αφού ακουσθώσιν αι απόψεις της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου.
(3).- Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα δι' ην ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακού δικαστηρίου, περί της ιδρύσεως, της συνθέσεως και της δικαιοδοσίας του οποίου νόμος θέλει ορίσει, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών προς τα ανωτέρω.
(4).- Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της εφέσεως κατά των αποφάσεων των οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων, περί της συνθέσεως των δικαζόντων και αποφασιζόντων επί των εφέσεων τούτων, εκ και περί της δικαιοδοσίας και της εξουσίας των δευτεροβάθμιων τούτων δικαστηρίων. Νόμος συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι της παρούσης παραγράφου δύναται να ορίση ότι το δευτεροβάθμιον δικαστήριον δύναται να απαρτίζηται εξ' ενός ή πλειόνων δικαστών του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου, συνεδριαζόντων μόνων ή μετ' άλλου ή άλλων δικαστών της δικαστικής υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας, ως ο νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
(5).- Ανεξαρτήτων των διατάξεων της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εις τους ανήκοντας εις την Ελληνικήν Κοινότητα προσφέρεται η ελεύθερη επιλογή πολιτικού γάμου.
(6).-Ουδέν εκ των εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου διαλαμβανομένων δύναται να παρεμποδίσει την εφαρμογήν των διατάξεων της πέμπτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 90 προκειμένης εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε αποφάσεως ή διαταγής παντός εκκλησιαστικού δικαστηρίου. (Αρθρον 111) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümleri saklı kalmak şartı ile, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya kendisine 2. Maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümleri uygulanan bir dini grup üyelerinin nişanlılık, evlenme, evliliğin iptaline dair herhangi bir konuya, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve ondan sonra, durumuna göre, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesinin veya söz konusu dini grubun Kilisesinin kanunu uygulanır. Evliliği dini açıdan bitirme veya barıştırma girişiminin bir Piskopos huzurunda gerçekleştirilmesini kanun temin eder.
2. A. Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, her biri aşağıdakilerden müteşekkil aile mahkemeleri bakar:
a) Bir boşanma davası için, içlerinden biri Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafından atanan dini avukat görevlisi olan ve Mahkemeye başkanlık eden, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesine ait yüksek uzmanlık ve ahlak standartlarına sahip diğer ikisi de avukatlar arasından yüksek Mahkeme tarafından atanan üç yargıç. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi bir dini görevli atanmadıysa Yüksek Mahkeme, Mahkeme Başkanını da atar.
b) Diğer herhangi bir dava için, kanunun öngördüğü bir yargıç.
B. Boşanma ancak aşağıdaki durumlarda meşru olur:
a) Kutsal Kıbrıs Kilisesi Beyannamesi uyarınca, Anayasa ile tutarsız olmadıkları ölçüde, 1989 tarihli Anayasada yapılan Birinci Değişikliğe ilişkin Temsilciler Meclisinin Kararname tarihinde yürürlükte olan sebeplerle;
b) Eşlerin ilişkisi, davacı açısından evlilik ilişkisinin sürdürülmesini haklı olarak tahammül edilemez kılan, davalıyı veya her iki eşi de ilgilendiren bir sebeple temelinden sarsıldığında; ve
c) Kıbrıs Rum Ortodoks Kilisesinin görüşleri dinlendikten sonra bir kanunun ortaya koyabileceği başka herhangi bir sebeple.
3. 2. kısmın üçüncü fıkra hükümlerinin geçerli olduğu dini bir grubun üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, kuruluşu, yapısı ve yargı yetkisi bir kanun tarafından belirlenecek olan ve yukarıdakinde gerekli değişiklikler yapılacak bir aile mahkemesi bakar.
4. Aile mahkemelerinin kararlarına karşı kanun yolları, söz konusu kanun yollarında karar verecek mahkemerin kuruluşu ve bu temyiz mahkemelerinin görev ve yetkileri kanunla belirlenir. Bu fıkranın hükümleri doğrultusunda konulan bir kanun, temyiz mahkemesinin, kanunların öngördüğü şekilde Cumhuriyetin yargı hizmetini gören başka bir yargıç veya yargıçlarla birlikte ya da tek başına duruşma yapan, Yüksek Mahkemenin bir veya daha fazla yargıcından müteşekkil olması için hükümler koyabilir.
5. Bu kısmın birinci fıkra hükümleri saklı kalmak kaydıyla, Rum Cemaati üyelerine medeni nikah için seçme hakkı sunulur.
6. Bu Maddenin 1. fıkrasında yer alan hiçbir şey, 90. Maddenin 5. fıkra hükümlerinin, böyle bir mahkemenin herhangi bir kararı veya emrinin icrasına uygulanmasını engellemez. (Madde 111)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1 1° The State recognises the Family as the natural primary and fundamental unit group of Society, and as a moral institution possessing inalienable and imprescriptible rights, antecedent and superior to all positive law.
2° The State, therefore, guarantees to protect the Family in its constitution and authority, as the necessary basis of social order and as indispensable to the welfare of the Nation and the State.
2 1° In particular, the State recognises that by her life within the home, woman gives to the State a support without which the common good cannot be achieved.
2° The State shall, therefore, endeavour to ensure that mothers shall not be obliged by economic necessity to engage in labour to the neglect of their duties in the home.
3 1° The State pledges itself to guard with special care the institution of Marriage, on which the Family is founded, and to protect it against attack.
2° A Court designated by law may grant a dissolution of marriage where, but only where, it is satisfied that –
i there is no reasonable prospect of a reconciliation between the spouses,
ii such provision as the Court considers proper having regard to the circumstances exists or will be made for the spouses, any children of either or both of them and any other person prescribed by law, and
iii any further conditions prescribed by law are complied with.
3° Provision may be made by law for the recognition under the law of the State of a dissolution of marriage granted under the civil law of another state.
4 Marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex. (Art. 41) - Irish Gaelic1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát gurb é an Teaghlach is buíon-aonad príomha bunaidh don chomhdhaonnacht de réir nádúir, agus gur foras morálta é ag a bhfuil cearta doshannta dochloíte is ársa agus is airde ná aon reacht daonna.
2° Ós é an Teaghlach is fotha riachtanach don ord chomhdhaonnach agus ós éigeantach é do leas an Náisiúin agus an Stáit, ráthaíonn an Stát comhshuíomh agus údarás an Teaghlaigh a chaomhnú.
2 1° Go sonrach, admhaíonn an Stát go dtugann an bhean don Stát, trína saol sa teaghlach, cúnamh nach bhféadfaí leas an phobail a ghnóthú dá éagmais.
2° Uime sin, féachfaidh an Stát lena chur in áirithe nach mbeidh ar mháithreacha clainne, de dheasca uireasa, dul le saothar agus faillí a thabhairt dá chionn sin ina ndualgais sa teaghlach.
3 1° Ós ar an bPósadh atá an Teaghlach bunaithe gabhann an Stát air féin coimirce faoi leith a dhéanamh ar ord an phósta agus é a chosaint ar ionsaí.
2° Féadfaidh Cúirt a bheidh ainmnithe le dlí scaoileadh ar phósadh a thabhairt sa chás, ach sa chás amháin, gur deimhin léi –
i nach bhfuil ionchas réasúnach ar bith ann go mbeidh comhréiteach idir na céilí,
ii go bhfuil cibé socrú ann, nó go ndéanfar cibé socrú, is dóigh leis an gCúirt a bheith cuí ag féachaint do na himthosca, le haghaidh na gcéilí, le haghaidh aon leanaí le ceachtar acu nó leis an mbeirt acu agus le haghaidh aon duine eile a bheidh forordaithe le dlí, agus
iii go gcomhlíontar aon choinníollacha breise a bheidh forordaithe le dlí.
3° Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun aitheantas a thabhairt faoi dhlí an Stáit do scaoileadh ar phósadh arna thabhairt faoi dhlí sibhialta stáit eile.
4 Féadfaidh beirt, gan beann ar a ngnéas, conradh pósta a dhéanamh de réir dlí. (Airteagal 41)
Marriage and Family Life
- English(1) On and after the 14th day of June, 1978, no Court having jurisdiction under the laws of Sierra Leone shall, by virtue of the Colonial and Other Territories (Divorce Jurisdiction) Act, 1926 to 1950, have jurisdiction to make a decree for the dissolution of a marriage, or as incidental thereto to make an order as to any matter, unless proceedings for the decree were instituted before the commencement of this Constitution.
(2) Except as provided by subsection (1) and subject to any provision to the contrary which may be made on or after the commencement of this Constitution by or under any law made by any legislature established for Sierra Leone, all courts having jurisdiction under the laws of Sierra Leone shall on and after that day have the same jurisdiction under the said Acts as they would have had if this Constitution had not been passed.
(3) The reference in subsection (1) to proceedings for the dissolution of a marriage includes references to proceedings for such a decree of presumption of death and dissolution of marriage as is authorised by section 1 of the Matrimonial Causes Act, 1950. (Sec. 184)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe government must ensure the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria, and accomplish the following goals:
…
2. the protection of mothers, particularly during pregnancy and childbearing, and the protection of children without guardians;
3. establishing competent courts to protect and preserve the foundation and survival of the family;
4. the provision of special insurance for widows, and aged women and women without support;
5. the awarding of guardianship of children to worthy mothers, in order to protect the interests of the children, in the absence of a legal guardian. (Art. 21) - Persianدولت موظف است حقوق زن را در تمام جهات با رعایت موازین اسلامی تضمین نماید و امور زیر را انجام دهد:
…
2- حمایت مادران، بهخصوص در دوران بارداری و حضانت فرزند، و حمایت از کودکان بیسرپرست.
3- ایجاد دادگاه صالح برای حفظ کیان و بقای خانواده.
4- ایجاد بیمه خاص بیوگان و زنان سالخورده و بیسرپرست.
5- اعطای قیمومت فرزندان به مادران شایسته در جهت غبطه آنها در صورت نبودن ولی شرعی. (اصل 21)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1. The National Assembly shall exclusively have the power to legislate on the following matters, except in cases of legislative authorization granted to the Government:
…
b) State and capacity of persons, family and estate laws;
… (Art. 177) - Portuguese1. Compete, exclusivamente, à Assembleia Nacional, salvo autorização legislativa concedida ao Governo, fazer leis sobre as seguintes matérias:
…
b) Estado e capacidade das pessoas, direito de família e das sucessões;
… (Art. 177)
Marriage and Family Life
- English
…
(9) The parents have prior right to choose the appropriate field of education for their children. (Art. 35) - Moldovian
…
(9) Dreptul prioritar de a alege sfera de instruire a copiilor revine părinţilor. (Art. 35)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe State has the obligation to assure the protection of marriage and of the family.
Parents have the duty to provide for the support and the education of their children. They are supported in this task by the State.
Children, whether they are born within marriage or outside of marriage, have the right to the same familial and social protection. (Art. 31) - FrenchL’Etat a l’obligation d’assurer la protection du mariage et la famille.
Les parents ont le devoir de pourvoir à l’entretien et à l’éducation de leurs enfants. Ils sont soutenus dans cette tâche par l'Etat.
Les enfants, qu'ils soient nés dans le mariage ou hors mariage, ont droit à la même protection familiale et sociale. (Art. 31)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe right of adoption is recognized for the persons united by matrimony or common law union.
It is prohibited to give up for adoption boys or girls to matrimonies or common law unions composed of persons of the same sex. The law will regulate this institution. (Art. 116) - SpanishSe reconoce el derecho de adopción a las personas unidas por el matrimonio o la unión de hecho.
Se prohíbe dar en adopción niños o niñas a matrimonios o uniones de hecho conformados por personas del mismo sexo. La Ley regulará esta institución. (Art. 116)
Marriage and Family Life
- English
Citizens of both women and men enjoy equal rights in the political, economic, cultural and social fields and in family affairs. (Art. 37)
- Lao
ພົນລະເມືອງລາວຍິງຊາຍ ມີສິດເທົ່າທຽມກັນ ໃນດ້ານການເມືອງ, ເສດຖະກິດ, ວັດທະນະທໍາ-ສັງຄົມ ແລະຄອບຄົວ. (ມາດຕາ 37)
Marriage and Family Life
- English
The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
- ... the state and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
… (Art. 101) - French
La loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
- … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
… (Art. 101)