SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- EnglishThe form of government for this Kingdom is a Constitutional Monarchy under His Majesty King George Tupou V and his successors. (Clause 30)
- TonganKo e anga ‘o e fai ‘a e Pule ‘o e Fonua ni ko e Pule‘anga Tu‘i Faka-Konisitutone ‘I he malumalu ‘o ‘Ene ‘Afio ko e Tu‘i ko Tupou VI mo kinautolu ‘e hoko kiate ia. (Kupu 30)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall be responsible for:
a) Defending the Constitution of the Republic;
…
i) Requesting from the Constitutional Court preventive review of the constitutionality or legality of legislation and of international treaties;
… (Art. 80) - PortugueseCompete ao Presidente da República:
a) Defender a Constituição da República;
…
i) Requerer ao Tribunal de Constitucional a fiscalização preventiva da constitucionalidade ou legalidade das dos diplomas legais e dos tratados internacionais;
… (Art. 80)
Head of State
- EnglishExecutive Power is exercised by the President of the Republic, the Executive Vice-President, the Cabinet Ministers and other officials as determined by this Constitution and by law. (Art. 225)
- SpanishEl Poder Ejecutivo se ejerce por el Presidente o Presidenta de la República, el Vicepresidente Ejecutivo o Vicepresidenta Ejecutiva, los Ministros o Ministras y demás funcionarios o funcionarias que determinen esta Constitución y la ley. (Art. 225)
Head of State
- English(1) The President shall be the head of State.
… (Art. 92) - Bulgarian(1) Президентът е държавен глава.
... (Чл. 92)
Head of State
- English
The President of the Republic is elected by universal, direct and secret suffrage.
Election is acquired with an absolute majority of the suffrage expressed.
The modalities for the application of the provisions of this Article are established by an organic law. (Art. 85) - Arabic
يُنتخَب رئيس الجمهوريّة عن طريق الاقتراع العام المباشر والسرّي.
يتمّ الفوز في الانتخاب بالحصول على الأغلبيّة المطلقة من أصوات النّاخبين المعبّر عنها.
يحدّد قانون عضوي كيفيّات تطبيق أحكام هذه المادة. (المادة 85) - French
Le Président de la République est élu au suffrage universel direct et secret.
L’élection est acquise à la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés.
Les modalités d’application des dispositions du présent article sont fixées par une loi organique. (Art. 85)
Head of State
- English(1) At its first sitting after its election, and whenever necessary to fill a vacancy, the National Assembly must elect a woman or a man from among its members to be the President.
… (Sec. 86)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President is elected by the Riigikogu or, in the case provided in paragraph four of this section, by the Electoral College.
The right to nominate a candidate for the election of the President rests with not less than one-fifth of the members of the Riigikogu.
Nominations of candidates for President may be made from among citizens of Estonia by birth who have attained at least forty years of age.
… (Sec. 79) - EstonianVabariigi Presidendi valib Riigikogu või käesoleva paragrahvi neljandas lõikes sätestatud juhul valimiskogu.
Vabariigi Presidendi kandidaadi ülesseadmise õigus on vähemalt viiendikul Riigikogu koosseisust.
Vabariigi Presidendi kandidaadiks võib seada sünnilt Eesti kodaniku, kes on vähemalt nelikümmend aastat vana.
… (§ 79)
Head of State
- English
The President of Faso is elected by universal, direct, equal and secret suffrage for a mandate of five years.
… (Art. 37) - French
Le Président du Faso est élu au suffrage universel direct, égal et secret pour un mandat de cinq ans.
… (Art. 37)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic is elected for a five-year term during the last sixty day period of the presidential term by means of universal, free, direct, secret, fair, and transparent elections, by an absolute majority of votes cast. … (Art. 75)
- Arabicيُنتخب رئيس الجمهورية لمدة خمسة (5) أعوام خلال الأيّام الستين الأخيرة من المدة الرئاسية انتخابا عاما، حرّا، مباشرا، سريا، نزيها، وشفّافا، وبالأغلبية المطلقة للأصوات المصرّح بها. ... (الفصل 75)
- FrenchLe Président de la République est élu au cours des soixante derniers jours du mandat présidentiel, pour un mandat de cinq ans au suffrage universel, libre, direct, secret, honnête et transparent et à la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés.
... (Art. 75)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic is the Head of the State and a symbol of the unity of the country and represents the sovereignty of the country. He shall guarantee the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, and the safety of its territories, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. (Art. 67)
- Arabicرئيس الجمهورية هو رئيس الدولة ورمز وحدة الوطن يمثل سيادة البلاد، و يسهر على ضمان الالتزام بالدستور، والمحافظة على استقلال العراق، وسيادته، ووحدته، وسلامة اراضيه، وفقاً لاحكام الدستور. (المادة 67)