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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Political Rights and Association
North Macedonia
- EnglishCitizens are guaranteed freedom of association to exercise and protect their political, economic, social, cultural and other rights and convictions.
Citizens may freely establish associations of citizens and political parties, join them or resign from them.
… (Art. 20) - MacedonianНа граѓаните им се гарантира слободата на здружување заради остварување и заштита на нивните политички, економски, социјални, културни и други права и уверувања.
Граѓаните можат слободно да основаат здруженија на граѓани и политички партии, да пристапуваат кон нив и од нив да истапуваат.
… (Член 20)
Political Rights and Association
Uganda
- English…
4. Women shall have the right to equal treatment with men and that right shall include equal opportunities in political, economic and social activities.
… (Art. 33)
Political Rights and Association
Belize
- EnglishAt any general election-
(a) every citizen of Belize or a citizen of any Commonwealth Country who has attained the age of eighteen years and who satisfies the requirements of the Representation of the People Act shall have the right to vote;
(b) no person shall be entitled to more than one vote; and
(c) votes shall be cast in a secret ballot. (Sec. 92)
Political Rights and Association
Indonesia
- English(1) General elections shall be conducted in a direct, general, free, secret, honest, and fair manner once every five years.
(2) General elections shall be conducted to elect the members of the DPR, DPD, the President and Vice-President, and the Regional People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah or DPRD).
(3) The participants in the general election for the election of the members of the DPR and the members of the DPRDs are political parties.
(4) The participants in the general election for the election of the members of the DPD are individuals.
…
(6) Further provisions regarding general elections shall be regulated by law. (Art. 22E) - Indonesian(1) Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali.
(2) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.
(3) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah adalah partai politik.
(4) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah adalah perseorangan.
…
(6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut tentang pemilihan umum diatur dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 22E)
Political Rights and Association
Colombia
- EnglishAny citizen has the right to participate in the establishment, exercise, and control of political power. To make this right effective the citizen may:
1. Elect and be elected.
2. Participate in elections, plebiscites, referendums, popular consultations, and other forms of democratic participation.
3. Constitute parties, political movements and groups without any limitation; freely take part in them and disseminate their ideas and programs.
4. Revoke the mandate of those elected in the cases and in the form established by the Constitution and the law.
... (Art. 40) - SpanishTodo ciudadano tiene derecho a participar en la conformación, ejercicio y control del poder político. Para hacer efectivo este derecho puede:
1. Elegir y ser elegido.
2. Tomar parte en elecciones, plebiscitos, referendos, consultas populares y otras formas de participación democrática.
3. Constituir partidos, movimientos y agrupaciones políticas sin limitación alguna; formar parte de ellos libremente y difundir sus ideas y programas.
4. Revocar el mandato de los elegidos en los casos y en la forma que establecen la Constitución y la ley.
… (Art. 40)
Political Rights and Association
Kyrgyzstan
- English...
2. The people of Kyrgyzstan shall exercise its power directly at elections and referenda, as well as through the system of state authorities and local self-governance bodies on the basis of the present Constitution and laws.
…
4. The elections shall be free.
The elections of the deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh, the President as well as the deputies of representative local self-governance bodies shall be conducted on the basis of universal equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
The right to vote shall be granted to the citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic having reached 18 years of age.
5. The state shall ensure the conditions for the representation of various social groups defined by the law in state authorities and local self-governance bodies, including at the level of decision-making.
… (Art. 2) - Russian...
2. Народ Кыргызстана осуществляет свою власть непосредственно на выборах и референдумах, а также через систему государственных органов и органов местного самоуправления на основе настоящей Конституции и законов.
…
4. Выборы являются свободными.
Выборы депутатов Жогорку Кенеша, Президента, депутатов представительных органов местного самоуправления проводятся на основе всеобщего равного и прямого избирательного права при тайном голосовании.
Право избирать имеют граждане Кыргызской Республики, достигшие 18 лет.
5. Государство создает условия для представительства различных социальных групп, определенных законом, в государственных органах и органах местного самоуправления, в том числе на уровне принятия решений.
… (Статья 2) - Kyrgyz...
2. Кыргызстандын эли өз бийлигин ушул Конституциянын жана мыйзамдардын негизинде түздөн-түз шайлоолордо жана референдумдарда, ошондой эле мамлекеттик органдардын жана жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруу органдарынын системасы аркылуу жүзөгө ашырат.
…
4. Шайлоо эркин болуп саналат.
Жогорку Кеңештин депутаттарын, Президентти, жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруунун өкүлчүлүктүү органдарынын депутаттарын шайлоо жашыруун жалпы, тең жана түз шайлоо укугунун негизинде жашыруун добуш берүү менен өткөрүлөт.
Кыргыз Республикасынын 18 жашка толгон жарандары шайлоого укуктуу.
5. Мамлекет мыйзамда белгиленген ар кайсы социалдык топтордун мамлекеттик органдардагы жана жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруу органдарындагы, анын ичинде чечим чыгаруу деңгээлинде өкүлчүлүгү үчүн шарттарды түзөт.
… (2-берене)
Political Rights and Association
Niger
- EnglishAll Nigeriens are born and remain free and equal in rights and in duties. However, the access of certain categories of citizens to electoral mandates, to elective functions and to public employments may be favored by particular measures specified by the law. (Art. 10)
- FrenchTous les Nigériens naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droits et en devoirs. Toutefois, l’accès de certaines catégories de citoyens aux mandats électoraux, aux fonctions électives et aux emplois publics peut être favorisé par des mesures particulières prévues par la loi. (Art. 10)
Political Rights and Association
Mexico
- English…
I. The political parties are entities of public interest; … In the nomination [postulación] of their candidatures, the principle of parity of gender will be observed.
The political parties have as [their] objective ... to promote the principle of parity of gender, ... in accordance with the programs, principles and ideas they postulate and by way of universal, free, secret and direct suffrage, as well as the regulations that the electoral law specifies [marque] to guarantee the parity of gender, in candidatures to the different offices of popular election. Only the citizens [masculine] and citizens [feminine] may form political parties and affiliate freely and individually with them;
... (Art. 41) - Spanish…
I. Los partidos políticos son entidades de interés público; … En la postulación de sus candidaturas, se observará el principio de paridad de género.
Los partidos políticos tienen como fin ... fomentar el principio de paridad de género, ... de acuerdo con los programas, principios e ideas que postulan y mediante el sufragio universal, libre, secreto y directo, así como con las reglas que marque la ley electoral para garantizar la paridad de género, en las candidaturas a los distintos cargos de elección popular. Sólo los ciudadanos y ciudadanas podrán formar partidos políticos y afiliarse libre e individualmente a ellos;
… (Art. 41)
Political Rights and Association
Ireland
- English…
6 1° The State guarantees liberty for the exercise of the following rights, subject to public order and morality: –
…
iii The right of the citizens to form associations and unions.
Laws, however, may be enacted for the regulation and control in the public interest of the exercise of the foregoing right.
2° Laws regulating the manner in which the right of forming associations and unions and the right of free assembly may be exercised shall contain no political, religious or class discrimination. (Art. 40) - Irish Gaelic…
6 1° Ráthaíonn an Stát saoirse chun na cearta seo a leanas a oibriú ach sin a bheith faoi réir oird is moráltachta poiblí: –
…
iii Ceart na saoránach chun comhlachais agus cumainn a bhunú.
vAch is cead dlíthe a achtú chun oibriú an chirt réamhráite a rialú agus a stiúradh ar mhaithe leis an bpobal.
2° Ní cead aon idirdhealú maidir le polaitíocht nó creideamh nó aicmí, a bheith i ndlíthe a rialaíos modh oibrithe an chirt chun comhlachais agus cumainn a bhunú agus an chirt chun teacht le chéile ar saorthionól. (Airteagal 40)
Political Rights and Association
Norway
- EnglishEveryone has the right to form, join and leave associations, including trade unions and political parties.
… (Art. 101) - NorwegianEnhver har rett til å danne, slutte seg til og melde seg ut av foreninger, herunder fagforeninger og politiske partier.
… (§ 101)