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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Myanmar
- EnglishThe Union shall protect according to law movable and immovable properties of every citizen that are lawfully acquired. (Sec. 356)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံတော်သည် နိုင်ငံသားများ၏ တရားဝင်ရရှိပိုင်ဆိုင်ထားသော ရွေ့ပြောင်းနိုင်သောပစ္စည်း၊ မရွေ့မပြောင်းနိုင်သောပစ္စည်းများနှင့် စပ်လျဉ်း၍ ဥပဒေအရ ကာကွယ်ပေးရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၅၆)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Papua New Guinea
- EnglishNothing in Section 37 (protection of the law) or 53 (protection from unjust deprivation of property) invalidates a law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper regard for human rights and that provides-
(a) for the recognition of the claimed title of Papua New Guinea to land where-
i. there is a genuine dispute as to whether the land was acquired validly or at all from the customary owners before Independence Day; and
ii. if the land were acquired compulsorily the acquisition would comply with Section 53(1) (protection from unjust deprivation of property); or
(b) for the settlement by extra-judicial means of disputes as to the ownership of customary land that appear not to be capable of being reasonably settled in practice by judicial means; or
(c) for the prohibition or regulation of the holding of certain interests in, or in relation to, some or all land by non-citizens. (Sec. 54)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Argentina
- EnglishAll the inhabitants of the Nation are entitled to the following rights, in accordance with the laws that regulate their exercise, namely: … to make use and dispose of their property; … (Sec. 14)
- SpanishTodos los habitantes de la Nación gozan de los siguientes derechos conforme a las leyes que reglamenten su ejercicio; a saber: … de usar y disponer de su propiedad; … (Art. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cyprus
- English1. Every person, alone or jointly with others, has the right to acquire, own, possess, enjoy or dispose of any movable or immovable property and has the right to respect for such right.
…
6. In the event of agricultural reform, lands shall be distributed only to persons belonging to the same Community as the owner from whom such land has been compulsorily acquired.
… (Art. 23) - Greek1. Έκαστος, μόνος ή από κοινού μετ’ άλλων, έχει το δικαίωμα να αποκτά, να είναι κύριος, να κατέχη, απολαύη ή διαθέτη οιανδήποτε κινητήν ή ακίνητον ιδιοκτησίαν και δικαιούται να απαιτή τον σεβασμόν του τοιούτου δικαιώματος αυτού.
…
6. Εν περιπτώσει αγροτικής μεταρρυθμίσεως αι γαίαι διανέμονται μόνον εις άτομα ανήκοντα εις την κοινότητα, εις ην ανήκει και ο ιδιοκτήτης των αναγκαστικώς απαλλοτριωθεισών γαιών.
… (Αρθρον 23) - Turkish1. Her şahıs, yalnız başına veya başkaları ile birlikte, herhangi bir menkul veya gayrimenkul mal edinme, buna sahip olma, bunu elinde tutma, bundan istifade etme veya üzerinde tasarruf etme hakkına ve bu hakka saygı gösterilmesi hakkına sahiptir.
…
6. Tarım reformu amacı ile zorla edinimlerde, toprak, yalnız gayrimenkulü zorla edinilen toprak sahibinin mensup olduğu Cemaate mensup şahıslara dağıtılabilir.
... (Madde 23)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Pakistan
- EnglishEvery citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property12 in any part of Pakistan, subject to the Constitution and any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest. (Art. 23)
- Urduدستور اور مفادِ عامہ کے پیشِ نظر قانون کے ذریعے عائد کردہ معقول پابندیوں کے تابع، ہر شہری کو جائیداد حاصل کرنے، قبضہ میں رکھنے اور فروخت کرنے کا حق ہوگا۔ (آرٹیکل۲۳)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Tonga
- EnglishNo lease, sub-lease, transfer of a lease or of a sub-lease shall be granted—
(a) without the prior consent of Cabinet where the term is ninety-nine years, or less, or
(b) without the prior consent of Privy Council where the term is over ninety-nine years,
Provided that no consent shall be granted to a lease by a widow of the land of her deceased husband. (Clause 114) - Tongan‘E ‘ikai foaki ha lisi, toe lisi, fetongi ‘o ha lisi pe ‘o ha toe lisi —
(a) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Kapineti ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva pe si‘isi‘i ange ai, pe
(b) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Fakataha Tokoni ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku laka hake ‘i he ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva;
Tuku kehe kuo pau he ‘ikai foaki ha fakangofua ki ha lisi ‘e ha uitou ki he kelekele ‘o hono husepaniti kuo pekia. (Kupu 114)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The lands that are taken over shall be given to rural native indigenous peoples, intercultural indigenous communities, Afro-Bolivian and rural communities, which do not possess them or have insufficient lands, in accordance with state policy concerned with the ecological and geographic realities, as well as the population, social, cultural and economic necessities. The endowment shall be carried out according to the policies of sustainable rural development and the right of women to access, distribution and redistribution of land, without discrimination based on civil status or marital union.
… (Art. 395) - SpanishI. Las tierras fiscales serán dotadas a indígena originario campesinos, comunidades interculturales originarias, afrobolivianos y comunidades campesinas que no las posean o las posean insuficientemente, de acuerdo con una política estatal que atienda a las realidades ecológicas y geográficas, así como a las necesidades poblacionales, sociales, culturales y económicas. La dotación se realizará de acuerdo con las políticas de desarrollo rural sustentable y la titularidad de las mujeres al acceso, distribución y redistribución de la tierra, sin discriminación por estado civil o unión conyugal.
… (Art. 395)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Singapore
- English...
(2) Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
… (Art. 12)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Angola
- EnglishThe state shall respect and protect the private property of individuals and corporate bodies and free economic and entrepreneurial initiatives exercised within the terms of the Constitution and the law. (Art. 14)
- PortugueseO Estado respeita e protege a propriedade privada das pessoas singulares ou colectivas e a livre iniciativa económica e empresarial exercida nos termos da Constituição e da lei. (Art. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Colombia
- EnglishPrivate property and the other rights acquired in accordance with the civil laws are guaranteed, which may not be ignored or infringed by subsequent laws.
… (Art. 58) - SpanishSe garantizan la propiedad privada y los demás derechos adquiridos con arreglo a las leyes civiles, los cuales no pueden ser desconocidos ni vulnerados por leyes posteriores.
… (Art. 58)