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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) Everyone has the right to private property, whether individually or collectively owned.
(2) Private property, whether owned individually or collectively, is inviolable.
… (Art. 34) - Kinyarwanda
(1) Buri muntu afite uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite, waba uwe ku giti cye cyangwa uwo asangiye n’abandi. (2) Umutungo bwite, uw’umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa uwo asangiye n’abandi ntuvogerwa.
… (Ingingo ya 34) - French
(1) Toute personne a droit à la propriété privée individuelle ou collective.
(2) La propriété privée individuelle ou collective est inviolable.
… (Art. 34)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe indigenous peoples have [the] right to communal ownership of the land [propiedad comunitaria], in [an] extension and quality sufficient for the preservation and the development of their particular [peculiares] forms of lifestyles. The State will provide them gratuitously with these lands, which will be non-seizable [inembargables], indivisible, non-transferrable, imprescriptible, not susceptible to guarantee contractual obligations nor to be leased; likewise, they will be exempt from taxes.
… (Art. 64) - SpanishLos pueblos indígenas tienen derecho a la propiedad comunitaria de la tierra, en extensión y calidad suficientes para la conservación y el desarrollo de sus formas peculiares de vida. El Estado les proveerá gratuitamente de estas tierras, las cuales serán inembargables, indivisibles, intransferibles, imprescriptibles, no susceptibles de garantizar obligaciones contractuales ni de ser arrendadas; asimismo, estarán exentas de tributo.
… (Art. 64)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Property may be public and private.
The state grants everyone equal rights to conduct economic and other activities, except for those prohibited by law, and shall guarantee equal protection and equal conditions for the development of all forms of property.
… (Art. 13) - Belarusian
Уласнасць можа быць дзяржаўнай і прыватнай.
Дзяржава надае ўсім роўныя правы для ажыццяўлення гаспадарчай і іншай дзейнасці, акрамя забароненай законам, і гарантуе роўную абарону і роўныя ўмовы для развіцця ўсіх форм уласнасці.
… (Артыкул 13) - Russian
Собственность может быть государственной и частной.
Государство предоставляет всем равные права для осуществления хозяйственной и иной деятельности, кроме запрещенной законом, и гарантирует равную защиту и равные условия для развития всех форм собственности.
... (Статья 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
- ... the state and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
…
The law determines the fundamental principles:
…
- of the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 101) - French
La loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
- … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
…
La loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
…
- du régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales ;
… (Art. 101)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe exclusive executive and legislative powers of a state shall be as follows:
…
16. Registration of marriage, divorce, inheritance, birth, death, adoption and affiliations;
… (Schedule (B). Powers of States)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4),(5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, color or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such descriptions are not made subject or are recorded privileges of advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law do far as that law makes provision –
…
c. for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe establishment of primogenital entailments is prohibited. … (Art. 9)
- SpanishSe prohíbe la fundación de mayorazgos. … (Art. 9)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
…
Private property shall be recognised and protected by the law, which shall determine how it can be acquired, enjoyed and restrained so as to ensure its social function and render it accessible to all.
…
The law shall regulate and limit testate and intestate succession rights and the rights of the State in matters of inheritance. (Art. 42) - Italian
…
La proprietà privata è riconosciuta e garantita dalla legge, che ne determina i modi di acquisto, di godimento e i limiti allo scopo di assicurarne la funzione sociale e di renderla accessibile a tutti.
…
La legge stabilisce le norme ed i limiti della successione legittima e testamentaria e i diritti dello Stato sulle eredità. (Art. 42)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(2) The principles of good governance, which bind the State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level, include—
…
(j) the equitable sharing of national resources, including land;
… (Sec. 3)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
d. Inheritance is a guaranteed right governed by the Islamic Shari’a. (Art. 5) - Arabic…
د - الميراث حق مكفول تحكمه الشريعة الإسلامية. (المادّة 5)