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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Congo
- English[The following] are of the domain of the law:
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• … the status [état] and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
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The law equally establishes the rules concerning:
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• the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
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• the regime of [the public] domain and [of] land use;
… (Art. 125) - FrenchSont du domaine de la loi
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- … l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités;
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La loi fixe également les règles concernant:
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- le régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales;
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- le régime domanial et foncier;
… (Art. 125)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Germany
- English(1) Property and the right of inheritance shall be guaranteed.
… (Art. 14) - German(1) Das Eigentum und das Erbrecht werden gewährleistet.
… (Art. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Canada
- EnglishIn each Province the Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to Matters coming within the Classes of Subjects next hereinafter enumerated; that is to say,
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13. Property and Civil Rights in the Province.
… (Constitution Act 1867, Sec. 92) - FrenchDans chaque province la législature pourra exclusivement faire des lois relatives aux matières tombant dans les catégories de sujets ci-dessous énumérés, savoir:
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13. La propriété et les droits civils dans la province;
... (Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, Sec. 92)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Eswatini
- English(1) A person has a right to own property either alone or in association with others.
… (Sec. 19)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Ghana
- English(1) All stool lands in Ghana shall vest in the appropriate stool on behalf of, and in trust for the subjects of the stool in accordance with customary law and usage.
(2) There shall be established the Office of the Administrator of Stool Lands which shall be responsible for—
(a) the establishment of a stool land account for each stool into which shall be paid all rents, dues, royalties, revenues or other payments whether in the nature of income or capital from the stool lands;
(b) the collection of all such rents, dues, royalties, revenues or other payments whether in the nature of income or capital, and to account for them to the beneficiaries specified in clause (6) of this article; and
(c) the disbursement of such revenues as may be determined in accordance with clause (6) of this article.
(3) There shall be no disposition or development of any stool land unless the Regional Lands Commission of the region in which the land is situated has certified that the disposition or development is consistent with the development plan drawn up or approved by the planning authority for the area concerned.
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(7) The Administrator of Stool Lands and the Regional Lands Commission shall consult with the stools and other traditional authorities in all matters relating to the administration and development of stool land and shall make available to them all relevant information and data.
(8) The Lands Commission and the Administrator of Stool lands shall co-ordinate with all relevant public agencies and traditional authorities and stools in preparing a policy framework for the rational and productive development and management of stool lands.
… (Art. 267)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malta
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (4), (5) and (7) of this article, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Sub-article (1) of this article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision –
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, dissolution of marriage, burial, devolution of property on death or any matters of personal law not hereinbefore specified;
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Provided that paragraph (c) of this sub-article shall not apply to any law which makes any provision that is discriminatory, either of itself or in its effect by affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
… (Art. 45) - Maltese(1) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (4), (5) u (7) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ebda liġi ma għandha tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha.
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(3) F’dan l-artikolu, il-kelma "diskriminatorju" tfisser għoti ta’ trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, opinjonijiet politiċi, kulur, fidi, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru li minħabba fihom persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni waħda bħal dawn ikunu suġġetti għal inkapaċitajiet jew restrizzjonijiet li persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn ma jkunux suġġetti għalihom jew ikunu mogħtija privileġġi jew vantaġġi li ma jkunux mogħtija lil persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn.
(4) Is-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi liġi safejn dik il-liġi tipprovdi –
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(ċ) dwar adozzjoni, żwieġ, xoljiment ta’ żwieġ, dfin, devoluzzjoni ta’ proprjetà mal-mewt jew xi ħwejjeġ ta’ liġi personali mhux hawn qabel speċifikati;
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Iżda l-paragrafu (ċ) ta’ dan is-subartikolu ma għandux japplika għal xi liġi li tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha, billi tagħti trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom skont is-sess.
… (Art. 45)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Dominican Republic
- EnglishThe State recognizes and guarantees the right of property. Property has a social function and implies obligations. All persons have the right to the full use, enjoyment, and disposal of their assets.
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2. The State shall promote, in accordance with the law, access to property, especially to titled real estate.
3. The dedication of land to useful ends and the gradual elimination of the system of large estates is declared to be in the social interest. Promoting agrarian reform and the integration of the rural, farming population into the process of national development in an effective way through stimulation and cooperation for the renewal of their methods of agricultural production and their technological training is a principal objective of the social policy of the State.
… (Art. 51) - SpanishEl Estado reconoce y garantiza el derecho de propiedad. La propiedad tiene una función social que implica obligaciones. Toda persona tiene derecho al goce, disfrute y disposición de sus bienes.
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2) El Estado promoverá, de acuerdo con la ley, el acceso a la propiedad, en especial a la propiedad inmobiliaria titulada;
3) Se declara de interés social la dedicación de la tierra a fines útiles y la eliminación gradual del latifundio. Es un objetivo principal de la política social del Estado, promover la reforma agraria y la integración de forma efectiva de la población campesina al proceso de desarrollo nacional, mediante el estímulo y la cooperación para la renovación de sus métodos de producción agrícola y su capacitación tecnológica;
… (Art. 51)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Indonesia
- English…
(4) Every person shall have the right to own personal property, and such property may not be unjustly held possession of by any party. (Art. 28H) - Indonesian…
(4) Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapa pun. (Pasal 28H)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Lesotho
- EnglishLesotho shall adopt policies which encourage its citizens to acquire property including land, houses, tools and equipment; and shall take such other economic measures as the State shall consider affordable. (Sec. 34)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Romania
- English1. The right of property, as well as the debts incurring on the State are guaranteed. The content and limitations of these rights shall be established by law.
(2) Private property shall be equally guaranteed and protected by the law, irrespective of its owner.
... (Art. 44) - Romanian(1) Dreptul de proprietate, precum şi creanţele asupra statului, sunt garantate. Conţinutul şi limitele acestor drepturi sunt stabilite de lege.
(2) Proprietatea privată este garantată şi ocrotită în mod egal de lege, indiferent de titular.
… (Art. 44)