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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) All persons have the right to obtain effective protection from the judges and the courts in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, and in no case may there be a lack of defense.
… (Sec. 24) - Spanish1. Todas las personas tienen derecho a obtener la tutela efectiva de los jueces y tribunales en el ejercicio de sus derechos e intereses legítimos, sin que, en ningún caso, pueda producirse indefensión.
… (Art. 24)
Judicial Protection
- English… An organic law determines the other authorities and juridical [morale] persons who can refer the Constitutional Court [to matters], in matters of protection of fundamental rights. … (Art. 104)
- French… Une loi organique détermine les autres autorités et les personnes morales qui peuvent saisir la Cour constitutionnelle, en matière de protection des droits fondamentaux. … (Art. 104)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) If a person considers that any of the provisions of this Chapter8 has been or is likely to be contravened in relation to him or her (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if another person considers that there has been, or is likely to be, a contravention in relation to the detained person), then that person (or the other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The right to make application to the High Court under subsection (1) is without prejudice to any other action with respect to the matter that the person concerned may have.
(3) The High Court has original jurisdiction—
(a) to hear and determine applications under subsection (1); and
(b) to determine questions that are referred to it under subsection (5), and may make such orders and give such directions as it considers appropriate.
(4) The High Court may exercise its discretion not to grant relief in relation to an application or referral made under this section if it considers that an adequate alternative remedy is available to the person concerned.
(5) If in any proceedings in a subordinate court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of this Chapter, the member presiding in the proceedings may, and must if a party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in the member’s opinion (which is final and not subject to appeal), the raising of the question is frivolous or vexatious.
… (Sec. 44) - iTaukei(1) Ke dua na tamata e vakabauta ni dua na nona dodonu e virikotori ena Wase qo e sa vakaleqai se rawa ni vakaleqai (se, ke dua e vesu tiko, ka vakabauta e dua tale na tamata ni rawa ni vakaleqai na nona dodonu na tamata e vesu tiko) na tamata qo (se na tamata e vesu tiko) e rawa ni kerea na Mataveilewai e Cake me dikevi na tabana qo.
(2) Na dodonu ni kena kerei ena Mataveilewai e Cake me dikeva na kena vakaleqai na dodonu ni tamata me vaka e virikotori ena wasetiki (1), ena sega ni tarova na nona dodonu na tamata qo ena vuku ni so tale na veivuke vakalawa e tiko me baleti koya.
(3) Na Mataveilewai e Cake e tu vua na kaukauwa—
(a) me rogoca ka vakatulewataka ena nona kudru e dua e vakaleqai na nona dodonu me vaka e virikotori ena wasetiki (1); kei na
(b) kena vakatulewataki na vakatataro a kau cake mai ena wasetiki (5); ka rawa ni solia na ivakaro kei na ivakasala e matau.
(4) Na Mataveilewai e Cake e rawa ni vakatulewa vakamatau me kua ni vakadonuya na kerekere e biu cake yani, se e yavutaki ena wasetiki qo kevaka e vakabauta ni tiko tale e dua na iwali e rawa ni vakayagataki.
(5) Kevaka e rogoci ena dua na mataveilewai lalai e so na vakatataro me baleta na kena saqati na veitikina e so ena Wase qo, sa nona itavi na Daunilewa me vagolea na vakatataro i na Mataveilewai e Cake, se ena nona kerekere e dua na ilawalawa i na kisi, na mataveilewai lalai e rawa ni vagolea na vakatataro i na Mataveilewai e Cake. Ia, na vagolei ni vakatataro i na Mataveilewai e Cake ena sega ni vakayacori kevaka ena nona nanuma na Daunilewa (ka na sega ni rawa ni rogoci tale na nona vakatulewa) kevaka na taro e vinakati me vagolei ena Mataveilewai e Cake e vaqitoqito se veivakacudrui.
… (Sec. 44)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive2 of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction-
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section; and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a court-martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall, if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of this question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Any person aggrieved by any determination of the High Court under this section may appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeal.
(5) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to the Caribbean Court of Justice, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of the Caribbean Court of Justice.
(6) Notwithstanding the validity of any law under section 9 (2), 10 (3), 11 (5), 12 (2), 13 (2) or 16 (4) (d) of this Constitution, any act or thing done under the authority of such law shall be unlawful if such act or thing is shown not to be reasonably required in the actual circumstances in which it is done.
(7) The High Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred on it by the National Assembly for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred on it by this section.
(8) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 20)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 32, every High Court shall have power, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose.
…
(4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Court by clause (2) of article 32. (Art. 226) - Hindi(1) अनुच्छेद 32 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय को उन राज्यक्षेत्रों में सर्वत्र, जिनके संबंध में वह अपनी अधिकारिता का प्रयोग करता है, भाग III द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों में से किसी को प्रवर्तित कराने के लिए और किसी अन्य प्रयोजन के लिए उन राज्यक्षेत्रों के भीतर किसी व्यक्ति या प्राधिकारी को या समुचित मामलों में किसी सरकार को ऐसे निदेश, आदेश या रिट जिनके अंतर्गत बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, अधिकार-पृष्छा और उत्प्रेषण रिट हैं, या उनमें से कोई निकालने की शक्ति होगी।
…
(4) इस अनुच्छेद द्वारा उच्च न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति से, अनुच्छेद 32 के खंड (2) द्वारा उच्चतम न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं होगा। (अनुच्छेद 226)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Part, other than —
(a) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(b) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
all laws, and all acts done under a law, must be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(2) Any question whether a law is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity is to be determined in the light of the circumstances existing at the time when the decision on the question is made.
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect any question whether an act done under a law was reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(4) A law may be declared not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity only by the High Court or some other court prescribed for the purpose by or under an Act of Parliament.
(5) In determining whether a law or act is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity, a court may have regard to —
(a) traditional standards, values and practices, as well as previous laws and judicial decisions, of Tuvalu; and
(b) law, practices and judicial decisions of other countries that the court reasonably regards as democratic; and
(c) international conventions, declarations, recommendations and judicial decisions concerning human rights; and
(d) the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities; and
(e) any other matters that the court thinks relevant.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), any law, or any act done under a valid law, which accords with traditional standards, values and practices shall not contravene subsection (1) above, unless the relevant traditional standard, value or practice would be regarded by a resolution of Parliament supported
by the votes of two-thirds of the total membership as one which should be eliminated. (Sec. 15)
Judicial Protection
- English
The citizens of Mongolia are guaranteed to exercise the following rights and freedoms:
…
14/ the right to appeal to the court to protect his/her rights if he/she considers that the rights or freedoms as stated by the Mongolian law or an international treaty have been violated;
… (Art. 16) - Mongolian
Монгол Улсын иргэн дараахь үндсэн эрх, эрх чөлөөг баталгаатай эдэлнэ:
…
14) Монгол Улсын хууль, олон улсын гэрээнд заасан эрх, эрх чөлөө нь зөрчигдсөн гэж үзвэл уул эрхээ хамгаалуулахаар шүүхэд гомдол гаргах … эрхтэй.
… (Арван зургадугаар зүйл)
Judicial Protection
- English...
2. Constitutional and legal precepts relating to fundamental rights must be interpreted and incorporated in accordance with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, the African Charter on the Rights of Man and Peoples and international treaties on the subject ratified by the Republic of Angola.
3. In any consideration by the Angolan courts of disputes concerning fundamental rights, the international instruments referred to in the previous point shall be applied, even if not invoked by the parties concerned. (Art. 26) - Portuguese...
2. Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados e integrados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, a Carta Africana dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos e os tratados internacionais sobre a matéria, ratificados pela República de Angola.
3. Na apreciação de litígios pelos tribunais angolanos relativos à matéria sobre direitos fundamentais, aplicam-se os instrumentos internacionais referidos no número anterior, ainda que não sejam invocados pelas partes. (Art. 26)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAttributions of the Constitutional Tribunal are:
…
2. To resolve concerning the questions of constitutionality of the original decisions adopted by the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal and the Qualifying Tribunal of Elections;
…
In the case of Numeral 2, the Tribunal can take cognizance [of it] at the demand [requerimiento] of the President of the Republic, of either of the Chambers or of ten of their members. Additionally, any person who is part [of a] trial or process pending before an ordinary or special tribunal may demand the Tribunal [to take cognizance], when he is affected in the exercise of his fundamental rights by that established in the respective original decision.
… (Art. 93) - SpanishSon atribuciones del Tribunal Constitucional:
…
2º.- Resolver sobre las cuestiones de constitucionalidad de los autos acordados dictados por la Corte Suprema, las Cortes de Apelaciones y el Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones;
…
En el caso del número 2º, el Tribunal podrá conocer de la materia a requerimiento del Presidente de la República, de cualquiera de las Cámaras o de diez de sus miembros. Asimismo, podrá requerir al Tribunal toda persona que sea parte en juicio o gestión pendiente ante un tribunal ordinario o especial, o desde la primera actuación del procedimiento penal, cuando sea afectada en el ejercicio de sus derechos fundamentales por lo dispuesto en el respectivo auto acordado.
… (Art. 93)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe law shall defend the rights of the victim. The state shall guarantee judicial protection and compensation to the victim. (Art. 21)
- RussianЗакон защищает права потерпевшего. Государство гарантирует потерпевшему судебную защиту и возмещение нанесенного ему ущерба. (Статья 21)
- TajikІуѕуѕи їабрдидаро ѕонун іифз мекунад. Давлат іифзи судњ ва їуброни зарарро барои їабрдида кафолат медиіад. (Моддаи 21)