SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Parties
- EnglishEveryone has the right to form non-profit associations and federations. Only citizens of Estonia may belong to political parties.
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Associations, federations and political parties whose aims or activities are directed at changing the constitutional order of Estonia by force or are otherwise in conflict with a law providing criminal liability, are prohibited.
Only a court may terminate or suspend the activities of an association, federation or political party for a violation of the law, or order the association, federation or political party to pay a fine. (Sec. 48) - EstonianIgaühel on õigus koonduda mittetulundusühingutesse ja -liitudesse. Erakondadesse võivad kuuluda ainult Eesti kodanikud.
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Keelatud on ühingud, liidud ja erakonnad, kelle eesmärgid või tegevus on suunatud Eesti põhiseadusliku korra vägivaldsele muutmisele või on muul viisil vastuolus kriminaalvastutust sätestava seadusega.
Ainult kohus võib õiguserikkumise eest ühingu, liidu või erakonna tegevuse lõpetada või peatada, samuti teda trahvida. (§ 48)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe State may supervise and contribute to the payment of expenses incurred by natural persons and political parties in the electoral process. Such supervision and payment shall be determined and regulated by law, ensuring equality of expenditures to all parties and candidates. (Art. 141)
- SpanishEl Estado podrá fiscalizar y contribuir a los gastos en que incurran las personas naturales y los partidos políticos en los procesos electorales. La Ley determinará y reglamentará dichas fiscalizaciones y contribuciones, asegurando la igualdad de erogaciones de todo partido o candidato. (Art. 141)
Political Parties
- English…
(2) Political parties shall be constituted and shall pursue their activities in accordance with the law. They contribute to the definition and expression of the political will of the citizens, while observing national sovereignty, territorial integrity, the legal order and the principles of democracy. (Art. 8) - Romanian…
(2) Partidele politice se constituie şi îşi desfăşoară activitatea în condiţiile legii. Ele contribuie la definirea şi la exprimarea voinţei politice a cetăţenilor, respectând suveranitatea naţională, integritatea teritorială, ordinea de drept şi principiile democraţiei. (Art. 8)
Political Parties
- EnglishAn association without a lucrative goal regrouping citizens around a project of [a] democratic society founded on the national unity, with a distinctive political program of precise objectives responding to the concern to serve the general interest and to assure the development [épanouissement] of all citizens[,] constitutes a political party. (Art. 77)
- KirundiUmugambwe ni ishirahamwe ry’abantu badaharanira inyungu y’amafaranga, rihuza abanyagihugu bafise imigambi irashe y’ukwubaka igihugu kirangwa n’intwaro rusangi ishimikiye ku bumwe bw’abarundi, rikaba rifise imigambi ryisangije n’intumbero zitomoye, rigaharanira ineza n’iterambere rya bose n’ukubaho neza kw’abanyagihugu bose. (Ingingo ya 77)
- FrenchConstitue un parti politique une association sans but lucrative regroupant des citoyens autour d’un projet de société démocratique fondé sur l’unité nationale, avec un programme politique distinct aux objectifs précis répondant au souci de server l’intérêt général et d’assurer l’épanouissement de tous les citoyens. (Art. 77)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe political parties benefit from the financial participation of the State. (Art. 59)
- FrenchLes partis politiques bénéficient du concours financier de l’Etat. (Art. 59)
Political Parties
- English
Any person has the right to freely constitute associations, under reserve of conforming themselves to the law.
This same right is recognized for the creation of political parties. The conditions of their creation are determined by a law on political parties and their financing.
The associations and the political parties that jeopardize the unity of the Nation and the republican principles, and that advocate totalitarianism or segregation of ethnic, tribal or religious character, are prohibited.
The parties and political organizations participate in the expression of the suffrage.
… (Art. 14) - French
Toute personne a le droit de constituer librement des associations sous réserve de se conformer à la loi.
Ce même droit est reconnu pour la création de partis politiques. Les conditions de leur création sont déterminées par une loi sur les partis politiques et leur financement.
Sont interdits les associations et les partis politiques qui mettent en cause l’unité de la Nation et les principes républicains, et qui prônent le totalitarisme ou le ségrégationnisme à caractère ethnique, tribal ou confessionnel.
Les partis et organisations politiques concourent à l’expression du suffrage.
… (Art. 14)
Political Parties
- English
(1) Political organisations must always reflect the unity of Rwandans as well as equality and complementarity of women and men in the recruitment of members, in establishing their leadership organs, and in their functioning and activities.
(2) Political organisations must abide by the Constitution and other laws. They must conform to democratic principles and not compromise national unity, territorial integrity and national security. (Art. 56) - Kinyarwanda
(1) Imitwe ya politiki igomba buri gihe kugaragaramo ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda hamwe n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore n’abagabo haba mu gushaka abayoboke, gushyiraho inzego z’ubuyobozi, mu mikorere no mu bikorwa byayo.
(2) Imitwe ya politiki igomba kubahiriza Itegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko. Igomba gukurikiza amahame ya demokarasi, kandi ntihungabanye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ubusugire n’umutekano by’Igihugu. (Ingingo ya 56) - French
(1) Les formations politiques doivent toujours refléter l’unité nationale ainsi que l’égalité et la complémentarité entre les femmes et les hommes dans le recrutement des membres, dans la mise en place des organes dirigeants, et dans leur fonctionnement et leurs activités.
(2) Les formations politiques doivent respecter la Constitution et les autres lois. Elles doivent se conformer aux principes démocratiques et éviter de porter atteinte à l’unité nationale, à l’intégrité du territoire et à la sécurité nationale. (Art. 56)
Political Parties
- English1. The establishment of political parties shall be free, and the plural party system shall be guaranteed.
2. Political parties shall be democratic in their objectives, organization and activities, and shall have the necessary organizational arrangements for the people to participate in the formation of the political will.
3. Political parties shall enjoy the protection of the State and may be provided with operational funds by the State as prescribed by law.
4. If the purposes or activities of a political party are contrary to the democratic basic order, the Government may bring action against it in the Constitution Court for its dissolution, and, the political party shall be dissolved in accordance with the decision of the Constitution Court. (Art. 8) - Korean①정당의 설립은 자유이며, 복수정당제는 보장된다.
②정당은 그 목적·조직과 활동이 민주적이어야 하며, 국민의 정치적 의사형성에 참여하는데 필요한 조직을 가져야 한다.
③정당은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 국가의 보호를 받으며, 국가는 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 정당운영에 필요한 자금을 보조할 수 있다.
④정당의 목적이나 활동이 민주적 기본질서에 위배될 때에는 정부는 헌법재판소에 그 해산을 제소할 수 있고, 정당은 헌법재판소의 심판에 의하여 해산된다. (제8조)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe political parties and groups of political parties concur in the formation and the expression of the political will of the people.
They form themselves freely and exercise their activities within respect for the laws and regulations. (Art. 6) - FrenchLes partis politiques et regroupements de partis politiques concourent à la formation et à l'expression de la volonté politique du peuple.
Ils se forment librement et exercent leurs activités dans le respect des lois et règlements. (Art. 6)
Political Parties
- English1. The political system of the state shall be based on the principle of political pluralism, and exercising power democratically through the ballot box;
2. Licensed political parties and constituencies shall contribute to the national political life, and shall respect the principles of national sovereignty and democracy;
3. The law shall regulate the provisions and procedures related to the formation of political parties;
4. Carrying out any political activity or forming any political parties or groupings on the basis of religious, sectarian, tribal, regional, class-based, professional, or on discrimination based on gender, origin, race or color may not be undertaken;
5. Public office or public money may not be exploited for a political, electoral or party interest. (Art. 8) - Arabic1. يقوم النظام السياسي للدّولة على مبدأ التعددية السياسية، وتتم ممارسة السلطة ديمقراطياً عبر الاقتراع.
2. تسهم الأحزاب السياسية المرخصة والتجمعات الانتخابية في الحياة السياسية الوطنية، وعليها احترام مبادئ السيادة الوطنية والديمقراطية.
3. ينظم القانون الأحكام والإجراءات الخاصة بتكوين الأحزاب السياسية.
4. لا يجوز مباشرة أي نشاط سياسي أو قيام أحزاب أو تجمعات سياسية على أساس ديني أو طائفي أو قبلي أو مناطقي أو فئوي أو مهني، أو بناءً على التفرقة بسبب الجنس أو الأصل أو العرق أو اللون.
5. لا يجوز تسخير الوظيفة العامّة أو المال العام لمصلحة سياسية أو حزبية أو انتخابية. (المادّة 8)