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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
National level
- English(1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.
(2) The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.
... (Art. VI, Sec. 5) - Filipino(1) Ang Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ay dapat buuin ng hindi hihigit sa dalawang daan at limampung kagawad matangi kung magtakda ang batas ng naiiba, na dapat ihalal mula sa mga purok pangkapulungan na pinag-ayaw-ayaw sa mga lalawigan, mga lungsod at Metropolitan Manila Area ayon sa rami ng kinauukulang mga naninirahan, at batay sa magkakatulad at paunlad na pagdami, at yaong ayon sa itinatadhana ng batas ay dapat ihalal sa pamamagitan ng sistemang partilist ng rehistradong partido o organisasyong pambansa, panrehiyon, at pansektor.
(2) Ang kinatawang partilist ay dapat na binubuo ng dalawampung porsyento ng lahat ng mga kagawad ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan. Sa loob ng tatlong magkakasunod na taning ng panunungkulan pagkaraang maratipikahan ang Konstitusyong ito, ang kalahati sa mga pwestong nakalaan sa mga kinatawang partilist ay dapat punan, ayon sa itinatadhana ng batas, sa pamamagitan ng pagpili o paghahalal mula sa sektor ng mga manggagawa, magsasaka, mahirap na tagalungsod, mga katutubong pamayanang pangkalinangan, mga kababaihan, kabataan at sa iba pang mga sektor na maaaring itadhana ng batas, maliban sa sektor na panrelihiyon.
... (Art. VI, Seksyon 5)
National level
- English(1) Elections for the seats in Parliament provided for under Articles 97(1)(c) and 98(1)(b), (c) and (d), and for the members of county assemblies under article 177(1)(b) and (c), shall be on the basis of proportional representation by use of party lists.
(2) The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission shall be responsible for the conduct and supervision of elections for seats provided for under clause (1) and shall ensure that—
…
(b) except in the case of the seats provided for under Article 98(1)(b), each party list comprises the appropriate number of qualified candidates and alternates between male and female candidates in the priority in which they are listed;
… (Art. 90) - Swahili(1) Chaguzi wa viti katika Bunge vilivyowekwa chini ya Kifungu cha 97 (1) (c) na 98 (1) (b), (c) na (d), na kwa wajumbe wa mabunge ya kaunti chini ya kifungu cha 177 (1) (b) na (c), zitakuwa kwa msingi wa uwakilishi wa usawa kwa kutumia orodha ya chama.
(2) Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka itakuwa na jukumu la kufanya na kusimamia uchaguzi wa viti vilivyobainishwa chini ya ibara ya (1) na itahakikisha kwamba—
…
(b) isipokuwa katika viti vilivyobainishwa chini ya Kifungu cha 98 ( 1)(b), orodha ya kila chama inajumuisha idadi inayofaa ya wagombea wenye sifa na wanabadilishana kati ya wagombea wa kiume na wa kike katika kipaumbele ambacho kwacho wameorodheshwa;
… (Kifungu cha 90)
National level
- English(1) The Senate consists of eighty Senators, of whom—
(a) six are elected from each of the provinces into which Zimbabwe is divided, by a system of proportional representation conforming with subsection (2);
(b) sixteen are Chiefs, of whom two are elected by the provincial assembly of Chiefs from each of the provinces, other than the metropolitan provinces, into which Zimbabwe is divided;
(c) the President and Deputy President of the National Council of Chiefs; and
(d) two are elected in the manner prescribed in the Electoral Law to represent persons with disabilities.
(2) Elections of Senators must be conducted in accordance with the Electoral Law, which must ensure that the Senators referred to in subsection (1)(a) are elected under a party-list system of proportional representation—
(a) which is based on the votes cast for candidates representing political parties in each of the provinces in the general election for Members of the National Assembly; and
(b) in which male and female candidates are listed alternately, every list being headed by a female candidate. (Sec. 120)
National level
- English
(1) If at a general election which is contested by two or more political parties and in which only candidates of two parties are elected or in the eventuality of an election result as provided for in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of the proviso to sub-article (1) of article 52 and in the event that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex, elected by virtue of article 52, inclusive of those members elected at a casual election in terms of the relevant regulations, is less than forty per cent (40%) of all the Members of Parliament, then the number of Members of Parliament shall increase by not more than twelve (12) Members of the under-represented sex:
Provided that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of article 52 added to the members of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of this article shall not exceed forty per cent (40%) of the total number of elected Members of Parliament making up the House.
The candidates elected by virtue of this article are to be apportioned equally between the absolute majority party or the relative majority party and the minority party.
(2) Such candidate or candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex and who are candidates of the party or parties which shall be credited with the additional seats, and which were credited by the Electoral Commission at the last count with the highest or next higher number of votes without being elected, irrespective of the division in which such highest or next higher number of votes occur, shall be declared by the Electoral Commission as elected to fill the additional seats created by sub-article (1):
Provided that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached, following the application of the preceding sub-article, such candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex shall be declared by the Electoral Commission to be elected to fill the remaining additional seats created by this article who, being candidates of the party which is to be credited with the additional seats, were ranked on a national basis by the Electoral Commission with the highest or next higher number of percentage quota obtained on the basis of their respective final count vote before elimination in relation to the quota of the electoral division contested:
Provided further that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached as foreseen in this sub-article, the seats thereafter remaining vacant shall be filled by the co-option of a Member or Members by the House and such Member or Members shall be qualified to be elected as a Member of the House as established under article 53, shall not be subject to any disqualifications for membership of the House as provided under article 54 and shall belong to the under-represented sex.
(3) For the purpose of this article, elected and unelected candidates who are identified as gender-neutral persons in their official documentation, shall be counted with the under-represented sex.
(4) This article shall remain in force until the expiry of the period of twenty (20) years from the date of its coming into force, unless revoked or re-enacted with or without modification by means of an Act of Parliament according to the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. 52A) - Maltese
(1) Jekk f’elezzjoni ġenerali li tkun ikkontestata minn żewġ partiti politiċi jew aktar u li fiha l-kandidati ta’ żewġ partiti biss ikunu eletti jew f’każ ta’ riżultat ta’ elezzjoni kif provdut fis-subparagrafi (i) u (ii) tal-proviso tas-subartikolu (1) tal-artikolu 52 u fil-każ li n-numru ta’ Membri tal-Parlament tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52, inkluż dawk il-membri eletti f’elezzjoni każwali skont ir-regolamenti rilevanti, huwa inqas minn erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tal-Membri kollha tal-Parlament, allura n-numru ta’ Membri tal Parlament għandu jiżdied b’mhux aktar minn tnax (12)-il Membru tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat:
Iżda n-numru ta’ Membri Parlamentari tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52 miżjud mal-membri tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jaqbeż l-erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tan-numru totali ta’ Membri eletti tal-Parlament li jifforma l-Kamra.
Il-kandidati eletti bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu għandhom ikunu mqassma ugwalment bejn il-partit b’maġġoranza assoluta jew il partit b’maġġoranza relattiva u l-partit b’minoranza.
(2) Dak il-kandidat jew il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat u li jkunu kandidati tal-partit jew tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali, u li jkunu ġew akkreditati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali fl-aħħar għadd bl-ogħla jew bin-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli mingħajr ma jkunu ġew eletti, irrispettivament mid-distrett fejn jinkiseb dak l-ogħla jew in-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli, għandhom jiġu ddikjarati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bħala eletti biex jimlew is-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa mis-subartikolu (1):
Iżda f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx, wara l-applikazzjoni tas-subartikolu preċedenti, għandhom ikunu ddikjarati eletti mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali biex jimlew il-bqija tas-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa minn dan l-artikolu, dawk il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, li jkunu kandidati tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali u li ġew gradati fuq bażi nazzjonali mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bl-ogħla jew bin-numru li jmiss l-aktar għoli ta’ kwota perċentwali miksuba fuq il-bażi tal-għadd finali tal-vot rispettiv tagħhom, qabel l-eliminazzjoni, b’rabta mal-kwota tad-distrett elettorali kkontestat:
Iżda wkoll f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx kif previst f’dan is-subartikolu, is-siġġijiet li jibqgħu vakanti għandhom jimtlew bl-għażla ta’ Membru jew Membri mill-Kamra u dak il-Membru jew Membri għandhom ikunu kwalifikati biex ikunu eletti bħala Membru tal-Kamra kif stabbilit taħt l-artikolu 53, ma għandhomx ikunu soġġetti għal ebda skwalifika għas-sħubija fil-Kamra kif provdut taħt l-artikolu 54 u għandhom jappartjenu għas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(3) Għall-finijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, kandidati eletti jew li ma jkunux ġew eletti li huma identifikati bħala newtrali fir-rigward tal-ġeneru fid-dokumentazzjoni uffiċjali, għandhom jingħaddu mas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(4) Dan l-artikolu għandu jibqa’ fis-seħħ sal-iskadenza tal-perjodu ta’ għoxrin (20) sena mid-data li jidħol fis-seħħ, sakemm ma jiġix imħassar jew imdaħħal mill-ġdid bi jew mingħajr modifika permezz ta’ Att tal-Parlament skont id-dispożizzjonijiet ta’ din il-Kostituzzjoni. (Art. 52A)
National level
- English...
4. All levels of government shall:
a. promote women participation in public life and their representation in the legislative and executive organs by at least twenty-five per cent5 as an affirmative action to redress imbalances created by history, customs, and traditions;
… (Art. 16)
National level
- EnglishThe law will determine the forms and modalities that correspond, to observe the principle of parity of gender in the appointments of the titular persons of the offices of the secretariats [secretarías de despacho] of the Federal Executive Power and their equivalents in the federative entities. The same principle will be observed in the composition of the autonomous organs [organismos].
... (Art. 41) - SpanishLa ley determinará las formas y modalidades que correspondan, para observar el principio de paridad de género en los nombramientos de las personas titulares de las secretarías de despacho del Poder Ejecutivo Federal y sus equivalentes en las entidades federativas. En la integración de los organismos autónomos se observará el mismo principio.
... (Art. 41)
National level
- English
(1) The National Assembly shall be a permanent House.
(2) The National Assembly shall consist of fifty-nine members as follows: -
(a) Fifty six elected members consisting of at least three women, one Dalit and one from persons with disabilities or minorities, from each Province by an electoral college consisting of members of the Provincial Assembly, chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of the Rural Municipalities, and Mayors and Deputy-Mayors of the Municipalities, with different weightage of vote by members of the Provincial Assembly, chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of the Rural Municipalities, and Mayors and Deputy-Mayors of the Municipalities, as provided for in the federal law,
(b) Three members consisting of at least one woman nominated by the President on the recommendation of the Government of Nepal.
… (Art. 86) - Nepali
(१) राष्ट्रिय सभा एक स्थायी सदन हुनेछ ।
(२) राष्ट्रिय सभामा देहाय बमोजिमका उनान्साठी सदस्य रहनेछन्ः–
(क) प्रदेश सभाका सदस्य, गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष र उपाध्यक्ष तथा नगरपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुख रहेको निर्वाचकद्धट मण्डलद्वारा संघीय कानून बमोजिम प्रदेश सभाका सदस्य, गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष र उपाध्यक्ष तथा नगरपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुखको मतको भार फरक हुने गरी प्रत्येक प्रदेशबाट कम्तीमा तीन जना महिला, एक जना दलित र एक जना अपांगता भएका व्यक्ति वा अल्पसंख्यक सहित आठ जना गरी निर्वाचित छपन्न जना,
(ख) नेपाल सरकारको सिफारिसमा राष्ट्रपतिबाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा एक जना महिला सहित तीन जना ।
... (धारा ८६)
National level
- English
The provisions of the first paragraph of Article 102 shall apply as of the next legislative chapter. (Art. 244bis)
- Arabic
يسري حكم الفقرة الأولى من المادة (102) المعدلة اعتباراً من الفصل التشريعي التالي للفصل القائم. (المادّة 244مكرراً)
National level
- English
…
The State works towards consecrating parity between women and men in the elected assemblies.
… (Art. 51) - Arabic
...
تسعى الدّولة إلى تحقيق التّناصف بين المرأة والرّجل في المجالس المنتخبة.
... (الفصل 51) - French
…
L’État s’emploie à consacrer la parité entre la femme et l’homme dans les assemblées élues.
… (Art. 51)
National level
- English…
(6) When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly falls vacant, on account of death, resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be filled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates to be submitted to the Election Commission by the political party whose member has vacated such seat.
Provided that if at any time the party list is exhausted, the concerned political party may submit a name for any vacancy which may occur thereafter. (Art. 224) - Urdu...
(۶) جب قومی اسمبلی یا کسی صوبائی اسمبلی میں خواتین اور غیر مسلموں کے لئے مختص نشست، موت کی وجہ سے، استعفی یا رکن کی نا اہلیت کی بنا پر خالی ہو گئ ہو ، تو اسے اس سیاسی جماعت کی طرف سے جس کے رکن کی موت کی وجہ سے وہ نشست خالی ہوئی، کی جانب سے الیکشن کمیشن کو امید واران کی داخل کردہ فہرست میں سے بلحاظ اگلے مقدم ترین شخص سے پر کی جائے گی؛
مگر شرط یہ ہے کہ ااگر کسی بھی وقت پر جماعتی فہرست ختم ہو جائے تو، متعلقہ سیاسی جماعت کسی آ سامی کے لیے نام پیش کرے گی جو کہ اس کے بعد آئے۔ (آرٹیکل ۲۲۴)