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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Customary Law

San Marino
  • English

    …
    Customary law and ius commune shall constitute a further source of law in the absence of statutory provisions.
    … (Art. 3bis)

  • Italian

    ...
    La consuetudine e il diritto comune costituiscono fonte integrativa in assenza di disposizioni legislative.
    ... (Art. 3bis)

Customary Law

Poland
  • English
    1. The Republic of Poland shall ensure Polish citizens belonging to national or ethnic minorities the freedom to maintain and develop their own language, to maintain customs and traditions, and to develop their own culture.
    … (Art. 35)
  • Polish
    1. Rzeczpospolita Polska zapewnia obywatelom polskim należącym do mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych wolność zachowania i rozwoju własnego języka, zachowania obyczajów i tradycji oraz rozwoju własnej kultury.
    … (Art. 35)

Customary Law

Lithuania
  • English
    Citizens belonging to ethnic communities shall have the right to foster their language, culture, and customs. (Art. 37)
  • Lithuanian
    Piliečiai, priklausantys tautinėms bendrijoms, turi teisę puoselėti savo kalbą, kultūrą ir papročius. (37 straipsnis)

Customary Law

Switzerland
  • English

    1 No person may cover their face in public spaces or in places that are accessible to the public or where services are offered to anyone wishing to partake of them; the ban does not apply to places of worship.
    2 No person may force another person to cover their face on the grounds of their sex.
    3 The law shall provide for exceptions. These may only be justified on the grounds of health, safety, weather conditions or local custom. (Art. 10a)

  • French

    1 Nul ne peut se dissimuler le visage dans l’espace public, ni dans les lieux accessibles au public ou dans lesquels sont fournies des prestations ordinairement accessibles par tout un chacun; l’interdiction n’est pas applicable dans les lieux de culte.
    2 Nul ne peut contraindre une personne de se dissimuler le visage en raison de son sexe.
    3 La loi prévoit des exceptions. Celles-ci ne peuvent être justifiées que par des raisons de santé ou de sécurité, par des raisons climatiques ou par des coutumes locales. (Art. 10a)

  • German

    1 Niemand darf sein Gesicht im öffentlichen Raum und an Orten verhüllen, die öffentlich zugänglich sind oder an denen grundsätzlich von jedermann beanspruchbare Dienstleistungen angeboten werden; das Verbot gilt nicht für Sakralstätten.
    2 Niemand darf eine Person zwingen, ihr Gesicht aufgrund ihres Geschlechts zu verhüllen.
    3 Das Gesetz sieht Ausnahmen vor. Diese umfassen ausschliesslich Gründe der Gesundheit, der Sicherheit, der klimatischen Bedingungen und des einheimischen Brauchtums. (Art. 10a)

  • Italian

    1 Nessuno può dissimulare il proprio viso negli spazi pubblici né nei luoghi accessibili al pubblico o nei quali sono fornite prestazioni in linea di massima accessibili a ognuno; il divieto non si applica ai luoghi di culto.
    2 Nessuno può obbligare una persona a dissimulare il viso a causa del suo sesso.
    3 La legge prevede eccezioni. Queste possono essere giustificate esclusivamente da motivi inerenti alla salute, alla sicurezza, alle condizioni climatiche e alle usanze locali. (Art. 10a)

Customary Law

San Marino
  • English
    … The Guarantors’ Panel shall:
    a) verify the conformity of laws, of regulations having force of law, as well as of customary rules having force of law, with the fundamental principles of the constitutional order
    … (Art. 16)
  • Italian
    … Il Collegio Garante:
    a) verifica, … la rispondenza delle leggi, degli atti aventi forza di legge a contenuto normativo, nonché delle norme anche consuetudinarie aventi forza di legge, ai principi fondamentali dell'ordinamento di cui alla presente legge o da questa richiamati;
    … (Art. 16)