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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Eswatini
- EnglishA child born after the death of the father shall be deemed to be a citizen under this Chapter2 on the same conditions as if the father were alive when that child was born. (Sec. 46)
Citizenship and Nationality
Togo
- EnglishThe Togolese nationality is attributed of right to the children born of a Togolese father or mother.
The other cases of attribution of the nationality are regulated by the law. (Art. 32) - FrenchLa nationalité togolaise est attribuée de droit aux enfants nés de père ou de mère togolais.
Les autres cas d’attribution de la nationalité sont réglés par la loi. (Art. 32)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kenya
- English(1) A person is a citizen by birth if on the day of the person’s birth, whether or not the person is born in Kenya, either the mother or father of the person is a citizen.
(2) Clause (1) applies equally to a person born before the effective date, whether or not the person was born in Kenya, if either the mother or father of the person is or was a citizen.
(3) Parliament may enact legislation limiting the effect of clauses (1) and (2) on the descendents of Kenyan citizens who are born outside Kenya.
(4) A child found in Kenya who is, or appears to be, less than eight years of age, and whose nationality and parents are not known, is presumed to be a citizen by birth.
(5) A person who is a Kenyan citizen by birth and who has ceased to be a Kenyan citizen because the person acquired citizenship of another country, is entitled on application to regain Kenyan citizenship. (Art. 14) - Swahili(1) Mtu ni raia kwa kuzaliwa ikiwa siku ya kuzaliwa mtu huyo, iwe mtu huyo amezaliwa Kenya au la, mama au baba wa mtu huyo ni raia.
(2) Ibara ya (1) inatumika sawa kwa mtu aliyezaliwa kabla ya tarehe ya utekelezaji, iwe mtu huyo alizaliwa Kenya au la, ikiwa mama au baba wa mtu huyo ni raia au alikuwa raia.
(3) Bunge linaweza kutunga sheria ili kuweka mipaka ya taathira ya ibara ya (1) na ya (2) kwa vizazi vya raia wa Kenya ambao wamezaliwa nje ya Kenya.
(4) Mtoto aliyepatikana nchini Kenya ambaye, au anaonekana kuwa na umri chini ya miaka minane, na ambaye utaifa na wazazi hawajulikani, anachukuliwa kuwa ni raia kwa kuzaliwa.
(5) Mtu ambaye ni raia wa Kenya kwa kuzaliwa na ameacha kuwa raia wa Kenya kwa sababu mtu huyo alipata uraia wa nchi nyingine, ana haki ya kutuma maombi ya kupata uraia wa Kenya. (Kifungu cha 14)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lesotho
- English1. A citizen of Lesotho may hold citizenship of any other country in addition to his citizenship of Lesotho.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 18, 28 and 29 of the Constitution a person who is a citizen of any country who acquires a citizenship of Lesotho by naturalisation or registration-
a. is only eligible for social benefits after ten years of being naturalised or registered as a citizen of Lesotho; and
b. shall not hold a position which will be specified by an Act of Parliament governing citizenship matters. (Art. 41)
Citizenship and Nationality
Seychelles
- English(1) A person shall not become a citizen of Seychelles by virtue of article 8 if, at the date of birth, neither of the person’s parents is a citizen of Seychelles.
(2) A person shall not become a citizen of Seychelles by virtue of article 8 if, at the date of birth, —
(a) either of the person’s parents possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Seychelles; or
(b) either of the person’s parents is a citizen of a country with which Seychelles is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country, and neither of the person’s parents is a citizen of Seychelles. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Ghana
- English(1) A woman married to a man who is a citizen of Ghana or a man married to a woman who is a citizen of Ghana may, upon making an application in the manner prescribed by Parliament, be registered as a citizen of Ghana.
(2) Clause (1) of this article applies also to a person who was married to a person who, but for his or her death, would have continued to be a citizen of Ghana under clause (1) of article 6 of this Constitution.
(3) Where the marriage of a woman is annulled after she has been registered as a citizen of Ghana under clause (1) of this article, she shall, unless she renounces that citizenship, continue to be a citizen of Ghana.
(4) Any child of a marriage of a woman registered as a citizen of Ghana under clause (1) of this article to which clause (3) of this article applies, shall continue to be a citizen of Ghana unless he renounces that citizenship.
(5) Where upon an application by a man for registration under clause (1) of this article, it appears to the authority responsible for the registration that a marriage has been entered into primarily with a view to obtaining the registration, the authority may request the applicant to satisfy him that the marriage was entered into in good faith; and the authority may only effect the registration upon being so satisfied.
(6) In the case of a man seeking registration, clause (1) of this article applies only if the applicant permanently resides in Ghana. (Art. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
Tunisia
- EnglishLaws relating to the following areas are deemed ordinary laws:
…
- Nationality; … (Art. 65) - Arabicتتّخذ شكل قوانين عادية النصوص المتعلقة ب:
...
– الجنسيّة، ... (الفصل 65) - FrenchSont pris sous forme de loi ordinaire, les textes relatifs :
...
- à la nationalité ; ... (Art. 65)
Citizenship and Nationality
Gambia
- EnglishEvery person who, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, is a citizen of The Gambia, shall, subject to this Constitution—
(a) continue to be a citizen of The Gambia;
(b) retain the same status as a citizen by birth, by descent, by registration or by naturalisation, as the case may be, as he or she enjoyed immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution. (Sec. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
Niger
- EnglishThe law establishes the rules concerning:
- citizenship, ...
- nationality, … (Art. 99) - FrenchLa loi fixe les règles concernant :
- la citoyenneté, ...
- la nationalité, … (Art. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
Zambia
- EnglishA child who is not a citizen and who is adopted by a citizen shall be a citizen on the date of the adoption. (Art. 38)