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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Religious Law
Maldives
- EnglishThe Maldives is a sovereign, independent, democratic Republic based on the principles of Islam, and is a unitary State, to be known as the Republic of the Maldives. Any reference to “the Maldives” is a reference to the Republic of the Maldives. (Art. 2)
- Dhivehiދިވެހިރާއްޖެއަކީ ފުރިހަމަ މިނިވަންކަން ލިބިގެންވާ، އިސްލާމީ އުސޫލުތަކުގެ މައްޗައް ބިނާކުރެވިފައިވާ، އަމިއްލަ ވެރިކަންކުރާ، ދީމިޤްރާތީ، ޖުމްހޫރީ އަދި ޔުނިޓަރީ ދައުލަތެކެވެ. މި ދައުލަތުގެ ނަމަކީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާއެވެ. މީގެ ފަހުން މިޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގައި "ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ" މި ނަމުން އިޝާރާތްކުރެވެނީ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭހެ ޖުމުހޫރިއްޔާއަށެވެ. (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 2 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Religious Law
Pakistan
- English(1) There shall be, constituted within a period of ninety days from the commencing day a Council of Islamic ldeology, in this part referred to as the Islamic Council.
(2) The Islamic Council shall consist of such members, being not less than eight and not more than twenty as the President may appoint from amongst persons having knowledge of the principles and philosophy of Islam as enunciated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah, or understanding of the economic, political, legal or administrative problems of Pakistan.
(3) While appointing members of the Islamic Council, the President shall ensure that--
(a) so far as practicable various schools of thought are represented in the Council;
(b) not less than two of the members are persons each of whom is, or has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court;
(c) not less than one-third of the members are persons each of whom has been engaged, for a period of not less than fifteen years, in Islamic research or instruction; and
(d) at least one member is a woman.
… (Art. 228) - Urdu(ا) یوم آغاز سے نوے دن کی مدت کے اندر اسلامی نظریا تی کونسل تشکیل کی جائے گی جس کا اس حصے میں بطور اسلامی کونسل حوالہ دیا گیا ہے۔
(٢) اسلامی کونسل کم ازکم آٹھ اور زیادہ سے زیادہ بیس ایسے ارکان پر مشتمل ہو گی جس طرح کے صدر ان اشخاص میں سے مقرر کرے ، جنہیں اسلام کے اصولوں اور فلسفے کا جس طرح کہ قرآن پاک اور سنت میں انکا تعین کیا گيا ہے علم ہو یا پاکستان کے اقتصادی، سیاسی، قانونی یا انتظامی مسائل کا فہم و ادراک ہو۔
(٣) اسلامی کونسل کے ارکان مقرر کرتے وقت صدر ان امور کا تعین کرے گا کہ--
(الف) جہاں تک قابل عمل ہو کونسل میں مختلف مکاتب فکر کو نمائندگی حاصل ہو؛
(ب) کم ازکم دو ارکان ایسے اشخاص ہوں جن میں سے ہر ایک عدالت عظمٰی یا کسی عدالت عالیہ کا جج ہو یا رہا ہو؛
(ج)کم ازکم ایک تہائی ارکان ایسے ہوں جن میں سے ہر ایک کم سے کم پندرہ سال کی مدت سے اسلامی تحقیق یا تدریس کے کام سے وابستہ چلا آ رہا ہو؛ اور
(د) کم از کم ایک رکن خاتون ہو۔
…(آرٹیکل ۲۲۸)
Religious Law
Jordan
- EnglishCivil Courts in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan shall have the right to exercise jurisdiction over all persons in all civil and criminal matters, including cases filed by the Government or filed against it, with exception of the matters in respect of which jurisdiction is vested in Religious Courts or Special Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution or any other legislation in force. (Art. 102)
- Arabicتمارس المحاكم النظامية في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية حق القضاء على جميع الأشخاص في جميع المواد المدنية والجزائية بما فيها الدعاوي التي تقيمها الحكومة أو تقام عليها بإستثناء المواد التي قد يفوض فيها حق القضاء إلى محاكم دينية أو محاكم خاصة بموجب أحكام هذا الدستور أو أي تشريع آخر نافذ المفعول. (المادّة 102)
Religious Law
Thailand
- EnglishThe State should support and protect Buddhism and other religions.
In supporting and protecting Buddhism, which is the religion observed by the majority of Thai people for a long period of time, the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism for the development of mind and wisdom development, and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms. (Sec. 67) - Thaiรัฐพึงอุปถัมภ์และคุ้มครองพระพุทธศาสนาและศาสนาอื่น
ในการอุปถัมภ์และคุ้มครองพระพุทธศาสนาอันเป็นศาสนาที่ประชาชนชาวไทยส่วนใหญ่นับถือมาช้านาน รัฐพึงส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการศึกษาและการเผยแผ่หลักธรรมของพระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาทเพื่อให้เกิดการพัฒนาจิตใจและปัญญา และต้องมีมาตรการและกลไกในการป้องกันมิให้มีการบ่อนทําลายพระพุทธศาสนาไม่ว่าในรูปแบบใด และพึงส่งเสริมให้พุทธศาสนิกชนมีส่วนร่วมในการดําเนินมาตรการหรือกลไกดังกล่าวด้วย (มาตรา ๖๗)
Religious Law
Afghanistan
- EnglishAfghanistan shall be an Islamic Republic, independent, unitary and indivisible state. (Art. 1)
- Dariافغانستان، دولت جمهوری اسلامی، مستقل، واحد و غیر قابل تجزیه می باشد. (مادۀ ۱)
- Pashtoافغانستان، خپلواك، واحد، او نه بيليدونكى اسلامي جمهوري دولت دى. (۱ماده)
Religious Law
Malaysia
- English…
(2) Every religious group has the right to establish and maintain institutions for the education of children in its own religion, and there shall be no discrimination on the ground only of religion in any law relating to such institutions or in the administration of any such law; but it shall be lawful for the Federation or a State to establish or maintain or assist in establishing or maintaining Islamic institutions or provide or assist in providing instruction in the religion of Islam and incur such expenditure as may be necessary for the purpose.
… (Art. 12) - Malay…
(2) Tiap-tiap kumpulan agama berhak menubuhkan dan menyenggarakan institusi-institusi bagi pendidikan kanak-kanak dalam agama kumpulan itu sendiri, dan tidak boleh ada diskriminasi semata-mata atas alasan agama dalam mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan institusi-institusi itu atau dalam pentadbiran mana-mana undang-undang itu; tetapi adalah sah bagi Persekutuan atau sesuatu Negeri menubuhkan atau menyenggarakan atau membantu dalam menubuhkan atau menyenggarakan institusi-institusi Islam atau mengadakan atau membantu dalam mengadakan ajaran dalam agama Islam dan melakukan apa-apa perbelanjaan sebagaimana yang perlu bagi maksud itu.
… (Perkara 12)
Religious Law
Bangladesh
- EnglishThe state religion of the Republic is Islam, but the State shall ensure equal status and equal right in the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other religions. (Art. 2A)
- Bengaliপ্রজাতন্ত্রের রাষ্ট্রধর্ম ইসলাম, তবে হিন্দু, বৌদ্ধ, খ্রীষ্টানসহ অন্যান্য ধর্ম পালনে রাষ্ট্র সমমর্যাদা ও সমঅধিকার নিশ্চিত করিবেন (অনুচ্ছেদ ২ক)
Religious Law
Cyprus
- English…
2. The institution of Vakf and the Principles and Laws of, and relating to, Vakfs are recognised by this Constitution.
All matters relating to or in any way affecting the institution or foundation of Vakf or the vakfs or any vakf properties, including properties belonging to Mosques and any other Moslem religious institution, shall be governed solely by and under the Laws and Principles of Vakfs and the laws and regulations enacted or made by the Turkish Communal Chamber, and no legislative, executive or other act whatsoever shall contravene or override or interfere with such Laws or Principles of Vakfs and with such laws and regulations of the Turkish Communal Chamber.
3. Any right with regard to religious matters possessed in accordance with the law of the Colony of Cyprus in force immediately before the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution by the Church of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall continue to be so possessed by such Church on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution. (Art. 110) - Greek…
Το ίδρυμα του βακουφίου και αι αρχαί και οι νόμοι περί των βακουφίων ως και οι αναφερόμενοι εις βακούφια αναγνωρίζονται υπό του Συντάγματος. Παν θέμα καθ’ οιονδήποτε τρόπον επηρεάζον ή σχέσιν έχον προς το ίδρυμα του βακουφίου ή των βακουφίων ή οιανδήποτε ιδιοκτησίαν των βακουφίων περιλαμβανομένης της ιδιοκτησίας των τεμενών και οιουδήποτε ετέρου μουσουλμανικού θρησκευτικού ιδρύματος διοικείται μόνον συμφώνως τοις νόμοις και αρχαίς των βακουφίων και τοις νόμοις και κανονισμοίς, ούς ψηφίζει η τουρκική Κοινοτική Συνέλευσις. Ουδεμία νομοθετική, εκτελεστική ή άλλη πράξις επιτρέπεται όπως παραβεί τους εν λόγω νόμους ή αρχάς των βακουφίων και τους σχετικούς νόμους και κανονισμούς της τουρκικής Κοινοτικής Συνελεύσεως ή δύναται να επικρατήσει τούτων ή να επέμβει εις τούτους.
Εκάστη εκκλησία θρησκευτικής ομάδος, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, θα συνεχίσει έχουσα από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος παν δικαίωμα σχετικόν προς θρησκευτικά θέματα όπερ έχει συμφώνως τω ισχύοντι αμέσως προ της ειρημένης ημερομηνίας νόμω της αποικίας της Κύπρου. (Αρθρον 110) - Turkish…
2. Vakıf müessesesi ve Ahkâmül Evkaf bu Anayasaca tanınır.
Vakıf müessese veya tesisini ya da vakıfları veya camilere ve herhangi diğer bir İslam dini müessesesine ait mallar da dâhil olmak üzere, herhangi vakıf malını ilgilendiren veya herhangi bir suretle bunlara etki eden bütün konular, münhasıran Ahkâmül Evkaf ve Türk Cemaat Meclisince çıkarılan veya yapılan kanun ve tüzüklere tabidir ve bunlara göre ve bunlar gereğince idare olunur ve hiçbir yasama işlemi, yürütme işlemi veya herhangi diğer bir işlem, söz konusu Ahkâmül Evkafı ve Türk Cemaat Meclisinin bahis konusu kanunlarını ve tüzüklerini ihlal edemez veya onlara üstün gelemez ya da müdahale edemez.
3. Kendisine 2. Maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümleri uygulanan bir dini grubun Kilisesi, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihten hemen önce yürürlükte olan Kıbrıs Kolonisi kanunlarına uygun olarak sahip olduğu dini konular ile ilgili herhangi bir hakkına, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve ondan sonra da sahip olmaya devam eder. (Madde 110)
Religious Law
Tajikistan
- EnglishThe Republic of Tajikistan shall be a sovereign, democratic, law-based, secular, and unitary state. … (Art. 1)
- RussianРеспублика Таджикистан – суверенное, демократическое, правовое, светское и унитарное государство. … (Статья 1)
- TajikҶумҳурии Тоҷикистон давлати соҳибихтиёр, демократӣ, ҳуқуқбунёд, дунявӣ ва ягона мебошад. ... (Моддаи 1)
Religious Law
Oman
- English
The Sultanate of Oman is an Arab Islamic independent state with full sovereignty, and Muscat is its capital. (Art. 1)
- Arabic
سلطنة عمان دولة عربية إسلامية مستقلة ذات سيادة تامة، عاصمتها مسقط. (المادّة ١)