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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following may request Panamanian citizenship by naturalization:
1. Aliens with five years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, if, after having reached legal age, they declare their intention to become naturalized, expressly renounce their citizenship of origin or any other citizenship, and establish that they have a command of the Spanish language and an elementary knowledge of Panamanian geography, history and political organization;
2. Aliens with three years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, who have children born on the national territory of Panamanian father or mother, or who have a spouse of Panamanian citizenship, provided they make the statement and submit the evidence to which the preceding section refers;
3. Those nationals by birth, of Spain or any Latin American nation provided they fulfill the same requirements necessary in their country of origin for the naturalization of Panamanians. (Art. 10) - SpanishPueden solicitar la nacionalidad panameña por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros con cinco años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República si, después de haber alcanzado su mayoría de edad, declaran su voluntad de naturalizarse, renuncian expresamente a su nacionalidad de origen o a la que tengan y comprueban que poseen el idioma español y conocimientos básicos de geografía, historia y organización política panameñas.
2. Los extranjeros con tres años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República que tengan hijos nacidos en ésta, de padre o madre panameños o cónyuge de nacionalidad panameña, si hacen la declaración y presentan la comprobación de que trata el aparte anterior.
3. Los nacionales por nacimiento, de España o de un Estado latinoamericano, si llenan los mismos requisitos que en su país de origen se exigen a los panameños para naturalizarse. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Bolivians who marry foreign citizens shall not lose their nationality of origin. Nor shall Bolivian nationality be lost by acquiring foreign citizenship.
II. Foreigners who acquire Bolivian nationality shall not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin. (Art. 143) - SpanishI. Las bolivianas y los bolivianos que contraigan matrimonio con ciudadanas extranjeras o ciudadanos extranjeros no perderán su nacionalidad de origen. La nacionalidad boliviana tampoco se perderá por adquirir una ciudadanía extranjera.
II. Las extranjeras o los extranjeros que adquieran la nacionalidad boliviana no serán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 143)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guatemala
- EnglishThe citizenship is suspended, lost, and recovered in accordance with the provisions of the law. (Art. 148)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía se suspende, se pierde y se recobra de conformidad con lo que preceptúa la ley. (Art. 148)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- EnglishEvery person born in The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 shall become a citizen of The Bahamas at the date of his birth if at that date either of his parents is a citizen of The Bahamas. (Art. 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Lucia
- EnglishA person born outside Saint Lucia after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at the date of his or her birth if, at that date, his or her father or mother is a citizen otherwise than by virtue of this section or section 99(3). (Sec. 101)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishThe law will establish the norms concerning the acquisition, recovery and options of nationality, as well as concerning the suspension of the citizenship.
… (Art. 154) - SpanishLa ley establecerá las normas sobre adquisición, recuperación y opción de la nacionalidad, así como sobre la suspensión de la ciudadanía.
… (Art. 154)
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- EnglishThe following persons shall become citizens at the date of their birth on or after 1st November 1981-
a. every person born in Antigua and Barbuda:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen by virtue of this paragraph if at the time of his birth
i. neither of his parents is a citizen and either of them possess such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Antigua and Barbuda; or
ii. either of his parents is a citizen of a country with which Her Majesty is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country;
b. every person born outside Antigua and Barbuda if at the date of his birth either of his parents is or would have been but for that parent's death, a citizen by virtue of section 112 of this Constitution or paragraph (a) of this section;
c. every person born outside Antigua and Barbuda if at the date of his birth either of his parents is, or would have been but for that parent's death, a citizen employed in service under the Government or under an authority of the Government that requires him or her to reside outside Antigua and Barbuda for the proper discharge of his or her functions. (Sec. 113)
Citizenship and Nationality
Brazil
- English
The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:
…
XIII – nationality, citizenship and naturalization;
… (Art. 22) - Portuguese
Compete privativamente à União legislar sobre:
...
XIII - nacionalidade, cidadania e naturalização;
... (Art. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Barbados
- English(1) Any woman who, after 29th November 1966, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of Barbados shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Barbados.
(2) The right to be registered as a citizen of Barbados under this section shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Sec. 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Haiti
- EnglishAny person born of a Haitian father or Haitian mother who are themselves native-born Haitians and have never renounced their nationality possesses Haitian nationality at the time of birth. (Art. 11)
- FrenchPossède la Nationalité Haïtienne d'origine, tout individu né d'un père haïtien ou d'une mère haïtienne qui eux-mêmes sont nés Haïtiens et n'avaient jamais renoncé à leur nationalité au moment de la naissance. (Art. 11)