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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2929 RESULTS
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Ecuador
- EnglishThe requirements and procedures for designating public servants of the judiciary must involve a competitive merit-based examination, subject to challenge and social monitoring; parity between men and women shall be fostered.
… (Art. 176) - SpanishLos requisitos y procedimientos para designar servidoras y servidores judiciales deberán contemplar un concurso de oposición y méritos, impugnación y control social; se propenderá a la paridad entre mujeres y hombres.
… (Art. 176)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- English...
II. The Law shall determine the general criteria for the election of members of the departmental assemblies, taking into account population, territorial, cultural identity and linguistic representation when there are rural native indigenous minorities, and parity and alternation of gender. The Statutes of Autonomy shall define its application in accordance with the specific reality and conditions of its jurisdiction. (Art. 278) - Spanish...
II. La Ley determinará los criterios generales para la elección de asambleístas departamentales, tomando en cuenta representación poblacional, territorial, de identidad cultural y lingüística cuando son minorías indígena originario campesinas, y paridad y alternancia de género. Los Estatutos Autonómicos definirán su aplicación de acuerdo a la realidad y condiciones específicas de su jurisdicción. (Art. 278)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Guyana
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this article -
(a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect; and
(b) no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(2) In this article the expression ‘discriminatory’ means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their or their parents’ or guardians’ respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinion, colour, creed, age, disability, marital status, sex, gender, language, birth, social class, pregnancy, religion, conscience, belief or culture whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which other persons of the same or another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not afforded to persons of another such description.
(3) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision -
…
(c) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.
… (Art. 149)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
Bahamas
- English1. Subject to the provision of paragraph (4), (5) and (9) of this Article no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
3. In this Article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different person attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin political opinions colour or creed whereby person of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which person of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
d. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in paragraph (3) for this Article may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;
… (Art. 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- English1. Any man or woman who, after the fifth day of August, 1962, marries a person who is or becomes a citizen of Jamaica shall, subject to subsection (2), be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed and, if he or she is a British protected person or an alien, upon taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as a citizen of Jamaica.
2. A person may be denied registration under this section if-
a. there is satisfactory evidence that-
i. the marriage was entered into primarily for the purpose of enabling that person to acquire Jamaican citizenship; or
ii. the parties to the marriage have no intention to live permanently with each other as spouses, after the marriage;
b. the person has been convicted in any country of a criminal offence specified in any law which makes provision for such denial on the ground of such conviction.3. Subsection (2) shall not affect the right of any person who, before the 26th day of March, 1999, was entitled to apply for Jamaican citizenship by virtue of any provision of this Constitution in force before that date. (Sec. 7)
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- English1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (e) of section 112 and of section 117 of this Constitution, the following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered on or after 1st November 1981-
a. any person who, on 31st October 1981-
i. was married to a person who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 112 of this Constitution; or
ii. was married to a person who, having died before 1st November 1981, would have but for his or her death, become a citizen by virtue of that section: Provided that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
b. any person who-
i. was married to a person who is or becomes a citizen; or
ii. was married to a person who was or, but for his or her death, would have become a citizen:
Provided that no application shall be allowed from such person before the marriage has subsisted for upwards of three years and that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
c. i. every person being a Commonwealth citizen who on 31st October 1981 was domiciled in Antigua and had been ordinarily resident therein for a period of not less than seven years preceding that day;
ii. any person who being a Commonwealth citizen is domiciled in Antigua and Barbuda and has for a period of not less than seven years immediately preceding his application been lawfully ordinarily resident in Antigua and Barbuda (whether or not that period commenced before 1st November 1981);
d. any person who, but for having renounced his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country, would have become a citizen on 1st November 1981;
e. any person who, having been a citizen, had to renounce his citizenship in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country;
f. any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child, stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under this subsection.
2. An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian:
Provided that if the person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies is or has been married, the application may be made by that person. (Sec. 114)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- English(1) If a person who is a citizen of some other country or entitled to be registered as such is entitled to registration as a citizen under section 92, he or she shall not, by reason only that he or she is or may become a citizen of that other country, be refused registration under that section or be required to renounce his or her citizenship of that country as a condition of being registered under that section.
… (Sec. 93)
Citizenship and Nationality
Barbados
- EnglishParliament may make provision
(a) for the acquisition of citizenship of Barbados by persons who do not become citizens of Barbados by virtue of the provisions of this Chapter2; or
(b) for depriving of his citizenship of Barbados any person who is a citizen of Barbados otherwise than by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) of section 2 or section 4 or section 5. (Sec. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belize
- English(1) The following persons may, upon making application at any time after Independence Day, be registered as citizens of Belize-
(a) any person who is married to a citizen of Belize;
(b) any person who has been resident continuously in Belize for a period of five years immediately before the date of his application.
(2) The National Assembly shall prescribe by law the procedure for making and determining applications, and the conditions to be fulfilled by persons making applications, for registration under this section.
… (Sec. 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishForeigners may obtain Paraguayan nationality through naturalization if they meet the following requirements:
1. majority of age;
2. minimum residence of three years in [the] national territory;
3. regular exercise in the country of any profession, job [oficio], science, art or industry, and
4. good conduct, defined in the law. (Art. 148) - SpanishLos extranjeros podrán obtener la nacionalidad paraguaya por naturalización si reúnen los siguientes requisitos:
1. mayoría de edad:
2. radicación mínima de tres años en territorio nacional;
3. ejercicio en el país de alguna profesión, oficio, ciencia, arte o industria, y
4. buena conducta, definida en la ley. (Art. 148)