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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) A person who-
(a) is born in the country on or after Independence Day; and
(b) had one parent who was a citizen or who, if he had survived on Independence Day, would have been or would have been entitled to become, such a citizen, is a citizen.
(2) A person-
(a) who is born outside the country on or after Independence Day; and
(b) who had one parent who was a citizen or who, if he had survived to Independence Day, would have been, or would have been entitled to become, such a citizen; and
(c) whose birth is registered as prescribed by or under an Act of the Parliament made for the purposes of this subsection, is a citizen.
(3) A person who has or had one parent or grandparent who, under Subsection (1)-
(a) is or was a citizen; or
(b) is or was qualified to be a citizen, and, who does not fall under Subsection (2), may apply to the Minister responsible for citizenship matters to be a citizen by descent, and the Minister may, if he is satisfied as to the matters referred to in Subsection (5), in his deliberate judgement (but subject to Division 4 (citizenship advisory committee)) grant or refuse the application.
(4) A person who is the spouse of a citizen may apply to the Minister responsible for citizenship matters to be a citizen by marriage, and the Minister may, if he is satisfied as to the matters referred to in Subsection (6), in his deliberate judgement (but subject to Division 4 (citizenship advisory committee)) grant or refuse the application.
(5) To be eligible for citizenship by descent under Subsection (3), a person must-
(a) prior to the application being made in the thlee years preceding it, been resident in the country for a total of 12 months; and
(b) be of good character; and
(c) subject to Section 64,3 renounce, in such a manner as is prescribed by or under an Act of the Parliament, any other citizenship and make the Declaration of Loyalty.
(6) To be eligible for citizenship by marriage under Subsection (4), a person must-
(a) prior to the application being made in the three years preceding it, been resident in the country for a total of 12 months; and
(b) be of good character;
(c) be in a marriage that is not a marriage under Papua New Guinean custom but is otherwise genuine and valid under Papua New Guinea laws; and
(d) subject to Section 64, renounce, in such a manner as is prescribed by or under all Act of the Parliament, any other citizenship and make the Declaration of Loyalty. (Sec. 66)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishA person who is a citizen of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands immediately prior to the effective date of this Constitution and who has at least one parent of recognized Palauan ancestry is a citizen of Palau. (Art. III, Sec. 1)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. For the purpose of this Chapter—
…
c. any reference to the father of a person shall, in relation to a person born out of wedlock, be construed as a reference to the mother of that person;
… (Sec. 29)
Education
- English(1) An educational establishment maintained wholly or principally for students of one sex, race, or religious belief, or for students with a particular disability, or for students in a particular age group, or the authority responsible for the control of any such establishment, does not commit a breach of section 57 by refusing to admit students of a different sex, race, or religious belief, or students not having that disability or not being in that age group.
… (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 58)
Education
- English(1) Every person has the right to—
(a) early childhood education;
(b) primary and secondary education; and
(c) further education.
(2) The State must take reasonable measures within its available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of the right—
(a) to free early childhood, primary, secondary and further education; and
(b) to education for persons who were unable to complete their primary and secondary education.
…
(5) In applying any right under this section, if the State claims that it does not have the resources to implement the right, it is the responsibility of the State to show that the resources are not available. (Sec. 31) - iTaukei(1) Na tamata yadua e tu vua na dodonu me—
(a) virisova;
(b) vuli ena paraimiri kei na sekendri; kei na
(c) vuli torocake.
(2) Na Matanitu me na vakayagataka e dua na ituvatuva e veiganiti ena veika sa tu rawa me na qai rawata na kena yacovi na dodonu—
(a) me kua ni saumi na nodra vuli na gone, wili kina na paraimiri, sekendri kei na vulitorocake; kei na
(b) nodra vuli o ira era sega ni vakacavara na nodra vuli ena paraimiri kei na sekendri.
…
(5) Ena taurivaki ni dodonu ena tikina qo, kevaka e vakaraitaka na Matanitu ni sega ni tiko vua na ivurevure ni veika me baleta na kena taurivaki na dodonu, e nona itavi na Matanitu me vakaraitaka ni sega vua na ivurevure. (Sec. 31)
Education
- EnglishEvery person has the following fundamental duties to himself and his descendants and to others –
…
(h) in the case of a parent, to support, assist and educate all his children, legitimate and illegitimate, and in particular to give them a true understanding of their fundamental rights and duties and of the national objectives and of the culture and customs of the people of Vanuatu;
… (Art. 7) - FrenchToute personne a les devoirs fondamentaux suivants envers elle-même, ses descendants et autrui:
…
h) si elle est parent, élever, assister et éduquer tous ses enfants, légitimes ou naturels, et leur apporter en particulier une connaissance véritable de leurs droits et devoirs fondamentaux, des objectifs nationaux, de la culture et des coutumes du peuple de Vanuatu;
... (Art. 7)
Education
- English(1) It shall be unlawful for an educational establishment, or the authority responsible for the control of an educational establishment, or any person concerned in the management of an educational establishment or in teaching at an educational establishment,—
(a) to refuse or fail to admit a person as a pupil or student; or
(b) to admit a person as a pupil or a student on less favourable terms and conditions than would otherwise be made available; or
(c) to deny or restrict access to any benefits or services provided by the establishment; or
(d) to exclude a person as a pupil or a student or subject him or her to any other detriment,— by reason of any of the prohibited grounds of discrimination.
(2) In this section, educational establishment includes an establishment offering any form of training or instruction and an educational establishment under the control of an organisation or association referred to in section 40. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 57)
Education
- English…
(2) The functions and powers available to the Bougainville Government in and in relation to Bougainville are the following:-
…
(m) education;
… (Sec. 290)
Education
- EnglishWE HEREBY DECLARE that all persons in our country have the following basic obligations to themselves and their descendants, to each other, and to the Nation:-
…
(h) in the case of parents, to support, assist and educate their children (whether born in or out of wedlock), and in particular to give them a true understanding of their basic rights and obligations and of the National Goals and Directive Principles;
… (Preamble, Basic Social Obligations)
Education
- English(1) It shall be unlawful for any person (in the course of that person’s involvement in any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3)) to make a request of any other person for sexual intercourse, sexual contact, or other form of sexual activity which contains an implied or overt promise of preferential treatment or an implied or overt threat of detrimental treatment.
(2) It shall be unlawful for any person (in the course of that person’s involvement in any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3)) by the use of language (whether written or spoken) of a sexual nature, or of visual material of a sexual nature, or by physical behaviour of a sexual nature, to subject any other person to behaviour that—
(a) is unwelcome or offensive to that person (whether or not that is conveyed to the first-mentioned person); and
(b) is either repeated, or of such a significant nature, that it has a detrimental effect on that person in respect of any of the areas to which this subsection is applied by subsection (3).
(3) The areas to which subsections (1) and (2) apply are—
…
(j) education.
…
(4) Where a person complains of sexual harassment, no account shall be taken of any evidence of the person’s sexual experience or reputation. (Human Rights Act 1993, Sec. 62)