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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishEvery child of whose parents one is a citizen of Estonia is entitled to Estonian citizenship by birth.
Everyone who has forfeited his or her Estonian citizenship as a minor is entitled to its restoration.
No one may be deprived of an Estonian citizenship acquired by birth.
No one may be deprived of Estonian citizenship because of his or her beliefs.
The conditions and procedure for the acquisition, forfeiture and restoration of Estonian citizenship are provided in the Citizenship Act. (Sec. 8) - EstonianIgal lapsel, kelle vanematest üks on Eesti kodanik, on õigus Eesti kodakondsusele sünnilt.
Igaühel, kes on alaealisena kaotanud Eesti kodakondsuse, on õigus selle taastamisele.
Kelleltki ei tohi võtta sünniga omandatud Eesti kodakondsust.
Kelleltki ei tohi veendumuste pärast võtta Eesti kodakondsust.
Eesti kodakondsuse saamise, kaotamise ja taastamise tingimused ning korra sätestab kodakondsuse seadus. (§ 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishNo one may be deprived of Icelandic citizenship. Loss of citizenship may, however, be provided for by law, in the event a person accepts citizenship in another State. An alien can only be granted Icelandic citizenship according to law.
… (Art. 66) - IcelandicEngan má svipta íslenskum ríkisborgararétti. Með lögum má þó ákveða að maður missi þann rétt ef hann öðlast með samþykki sínu ríkisfang í öðru ríki. Útlendingi verðuraðeins veittur íslenskur ríkisborgararéttur samkvæmt lögum.
… (66. gr.)
Education
- English1 The Confederation shall issue regulations on vocational and professional education and training.
2 It shall encourage the provision of a diverse and accessible range of courses in vocational and professional education and training. (Art. 63) - French1 La Confédération légifère sur la formation professionnelle.
2 Elle encourage la diversité et la perméabilité de l’offre dans ce domaine. (Art. 63) - German1 Der Bund erlässt Vorschriften über die Berufsbildung.
2 Er fördert ein breites und durchlässiges Angebot im Bereich der Berufsbildung. (Art. 63) - Italian1 La Confederazione emana prescrizioni in materia di formazione professionale.
2 In questo settore, promuove la diversità e la permeabilità dell’offerta. (Art. 63)
Education
- English…
6. Parents or legal tutors have the right to ensure, in accordance with their own convictions, the education of the minor children whose responsibility devolves on them. (Art. 29) - Romanian…
(6) Părinţii sau tutorii au dreptul de a asigura, potrivit propriilor convingeri, educaţia copiilor minori a căror răspundere le revine. (Art. 29)
Education
- English
1. The state, within its constitutional powers and the means at its disposal, as well as in support of the private initiative and responsibility, aims towards:
...
ç) education and qualification according to ability for children and the young, as well as for unemployed persons;
… (Art. 59) - Albanian
1. Shteti, brenda kompetencave kushtetuese dhe mjeteve që disponon, si dhe në plotësim të nismës dhe të përgjegjësisë private, synon:
…
ç) arsimimin dhe kualifikimin sipas aftësive të fëmijëve dhe të të rinjve, si dhe të personave të pazënë me punë;
… (Neni 59)
Education
- English(1) Everyone shall have the right to education.
(2) School attendance up to the age of 16 shall be compulsory.
(3) Primary and secondary education in state and municipal schools shall be free. In circumstances established by law, the higher educational establishments shall provide education free of charge.
…
(6) The State shall promote education by opening and financing schools, by supporting capable school and university students, and by providing opportunities for occupational training and retraining. It shall exercise control over all kinds and levels of schooling. (Art. 53) - Bulgarian(1) Всеки има право на образование.
(2) Училищното обучение до 16-годишна възраст е задължително.
(3) Основното и средното образование в държавните и общинските училища е безплатно. При определени от закона условия образованието във висшите държавни училища е безплатно.
…
(6) Държавата насърчава образованието, като създава и финансира училища, подпомага способни ученици и студенти, създава условия за професионално обучение и преквалификация. Тя упражнява контрол върху всички видове и степени училища. (Чл. 53)
Education
- English…
(3) Parents shall be obliged to take care of their minor children. This obligation shall include the provision of schooling for their children.
… (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. XVI) - Hungarian…
(3) A szülõk kötelesek kiskorú gyermekükrõl gondoskodni. E kötelezettség magában foglalja gyermekük taníttatását.
… (Szabadság és Felelősség, XVI. cikk)
Education
- English
…
(3) The organic laws shall govern:
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k) general organisation of the education system;
… (Art. 72) - Moldovian
…
(3) Prin lege organică se reglementează:
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(k) organizarea generală a învăţămîntului;
… (Art. 72)
Education
- English1) The State shall support and promote instruction and schooling.
2) It shall provide appropriate stipends to help talented students without financial means attend institutes of higher education. (Art. 17) - German1) Der Staat unterstützt und fördert das Unterrichts- und Bildungswesen.
2) Er wird unbemittelten, gut veranlagten Schülern den Besuch höherer Schulen durch Gewährung von angemessenen Stipendien erleichtern. (Art. 17)
Education
- English1 The State acknowledges that the primary and natural educator of the child is the Family and guarantees to respect the inalienable right and duty of parents to provide, according to their means, for the religious and moral, intellectual, physical and social education of their children.
2 Parents shall be free to provide this education in their homes or in private schools or in schools recognised or established by the State.
3 1° The State shall not oblige parents in violation of their conscience and lawful preference to send their children to schools established by the State, or to any particular type of school designated by the State.
2° The State shall, however, as guardian of the common good, require in view of actual conditions that the children receive a certain minimum education, moral, intellectual and social.
4 The State shall provide for free primary education and shall endeavour to supplement and give reasonable aid to private and corporate educational initiative, and, when the public good requires it, provide other educational facilities or institutions with due regard, however, for the rights of parents, especially in the matter of religious and moral formation. (Art. 42) - Irish Gaelic1 Admhaíonn an Stát gurb é an Teaghlach is múinteoir príomha dúchasach don leanbh, agus ráthaíonn gan cur isteach ar cheart doshannta ná ar dhualgas doshannta tuistí chun oideachas de réir a n-acmhainne a chur ar fáil dá gclainn i gcúrsaí creidimh, moráltachta, intleachta, coirp agus comhdhaonnachta.
2 Tig le tuistí an t-oideachas sin a chur ar fáil dá gclainn ag baile nó i scoileanna príobháideacha nó i scoileanna a admhaítear nó a bhunaítear ag an Stát.
3 1° Ní cead don Stát a chur d’fhiacha ar thuistí, in aghaidh a gcoinsiasa nó a rogha dleathaí, a gclann a chur ar scoileanna a bhunaítear ag an Stát nó ar aon chineál áirithe scoile a ainmnítear ag an Stát.
2° Ach ós é an Stát caomhnóir leasa an phobail ní foláir dó, toisc cor an lae, é a dhéanamh éigeantach minimum áirithe oideachais a thabhairt do na leanaí i gcúrsaí moráltachta, intleachta agus comhdhaonnachta.
4 Ní foláir don Stát socrú a dhéanamh chun bunoideachas a bheith ar fáil in aisce, agus iarracht a dhéanamh chun cabhrú go réasúnta agus chun cur le tionscnamh oideachais idir phríobháideach agus chumannta agus, nuair is riachtanas chun leasa an phobail é, áiseanna nó fundúireachtaí eile oideachais a chur ar fáil, ag féachaint go cuí, áfach, do chearta tuistí, go mór mór maidir le múnlú na haigne i gcúrsaí creidimh is moráltachta. (Airteagal 42)