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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(2) A person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status.
(3) For the purposes of this article, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, gender, occupation, religion or creed, whereby persons of one description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another description are not made subject or are granted privileges or advantages which are not granted to persons of another description.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are reasonably necessary to provide—
…
(b) for matters relating to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Art. 17)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Property is public or private.
…
(5) Private property is inviolable, in accordance with the organic law. (Art. 136) - Romanian(1) Proprietatea este publică sau privată.
…
(5) Proprietatea privată este inviolabilă, în condiţiile legii organice. (Art. 136)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPrivate property over land is regulated by a special framework.
Leasing, sharecropping, and mortgage loans to individuals are prohibited.
The onerous trading or transmission of this good may only be realized in compliance with the requirements established by the law, and without prejudice to the preferential right of the State to the acquisition of land through the payment of a just price.
Non-onerous transfer of ownership or of rights of use and enjoyment of this property is carried out with prior authorization of the competent authority and in accordance with that which is prescribed in the law. (Art. 29) - SpanishLa propiedad privada sobre la tierra se regula por un régimen especial.
Se prohíbe el arrendamiento, la aparcería y los préstamos hipotecarios a particulares.
La compraventa u otra trasmisión onerosa de este bien solo podrá realizarse previo cumplimiento de los requisitos que establece la ley y sin perjuicio del derecho preferente del Estado a su adquisición mediante el pago de su justo precio.
Los actos traslativos de dominio no onerosos o de derechos de uso y disfrute sobre este bien se realizan previa autorización de la autoridad competente y de conformidad con lo establecido en la ley. (Art. 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The State protects and promotes all forms of property rights: State, collective, private domestic and foreign investment in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. (Art. 16)
- Lao
ລັດປົກປ້ອງ ແລະ ເສີມຂະຫຍາຍບັນດາຮູບການກໍາມະສິດຂອງລັດ, ຂອງລວມໝູ່, ເອກະເທດ, ເອກະຊົນພາຍໃນ ແລະ ຕ່າງປະເທດທີ່ລົງທຶນຢູ່ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະ ຊາຊົນລາວ. (ມາດຕາ 16)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishParliament shall—
(a) revise, consolidate and rationalise existing land laws;
(b) revise sectoral land use laws in accordance with the principles set out in Article 60 (1); and
(c) enact legislation—
(i) to prescribe minimum and maximum land holding acreages in respect of private land;
(ii) to regulate the manner in which any land may be converted from one category to another;
(iii) to regulate the recognition and protection of matrimonial property and in particular the matrimonial home during and on the termination of marriage;
(iv) to protect, conserve and provide access to all public land;
(v) to enable the review of all grants or dispositions of public land to establish their propriety or legality;
(vi) to protect the dependants of deceased persons holding interests in any land, including the interests of spouses in actual occupation of land;
… (Art. 68) - SwahiliBunge-
(a) litapitia, kuunganisha na kurekebisha sheria za ardhi zilizopo;
(b) litapitia sheria za matumizi ya ardhi ya kisekta kwa mujibu wa kanuni zilizowekwa katika Kifungu cha 60 (1); na
(c) litatunga sheria-
(i) ili kuelezea kiwango cha chini na cha juu cha ekari za ardhi zinazoweza kumilikiwa na watu binafsi;
(ii) ili kusimamia namna ambavyo ardhi yoyote inaweza kubadilishwa kutoka kwenye kipengele kimoja kwenda kingine;
(iii) itasimamia utambuzi na ulinzi wa mali ya wanandoa na haswa nyumba ya wanandoa wakati wa ndoa na wakati wa kuvunjika ndoa;
(iv) italinda, kuhifadhi na kutoa idhini ya ufikiaji wa ardhi yote ya umma;
(v) itawezesha uhakiki wa ruzuku zote au matumizi ya ardhi ya umma i li kujua usahihi na uhalali wake;
(vi) itawalinda tegemezi wa marehemu wenye maslahi katika ardhi yoyote, ikiwa ni pamoja na masilahi ya wanandoa katika umiliki halisi wa ardhi;
… (Kifungu cha 68)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(4) Parliament may, for the purpose only of ensuring uniformity of law and policy, make laws with respect to land tenure, the relations of landlord and tenant, registration of titles and deeds relating to land, transfer of land, mortgages, leases and charges in respect of land, easements and other rights and interests in land, compulsory acquisition of land, rating and valuation of land, and local government; and paragraph (b) of Clause (1) and Clause (3) shall not apply to any law relating to any such matter. (Art. 76) - Malay…
(4) Parlimen boleh, hanya bagi maksud memastikan keseragaman undang-undang dan dasar, membuat undang-undang mengenai pemegangan tanah, perhubungan antara tuan tanah dengan penyewa, pendaftaran hakmilik dan surat ikatan yang berhubungan dengan tanah, pindah hakmilik tanah, gadai janji, pajakan dan gadaian berkenaan dengan tanah, isemen dan hak dan kepentingan lain mengenai tanah, pengambilan tanah dengan paksa, perkadaran dan penilaian tanah, dan kerajaan tempatan; dan Fasal (1)(b) dan (3) tidaklah terpakai bagi mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan mana-mana perkara itu. (Perkara 76)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- Englisha. All persons are born equally free and independent and have certain natural, inherent and inalienable rights, among which are the right of enjoying and defending life and liberty, of pursuing and maintaining and security of the person and of acquiring, possessing and protecting property, subject to such qualifications as provided for in this Constitution.
… (Art. 11)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) All ownership of land, and all rights and interests in land leases and land tenancies that existed immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to exist under this Constitution.
(2) No law shall be made to diminish or adversely affect the rights and interests in land leases and land tenancies, whether existing immediately before the commencement of this Constitution or made or issued after the commencement of this Constitution.
(3) All land lessees and land tenants have the right not to have their land leases or land tenancies terminated other than in accordance with their land leases or land tenancies.
(4) Parliament and Cabinet, through legislative and other measures, must ensure that all land leases and land tenancies provide a fair and equitable return to the landowners whilst protecting the rights of land lessees and land tenants, including security and protection of tenure of land leases and land tenancies and terms and conditions of land leases and land tenancies which must be just, fair and reasonable.
(5) All land that existed as freehold land immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall remain as freehold land even if it is sold or purchased, unless it is sold to the State or is acquired by the State for a public purpose under section 27.
(6) For the purposes of this section—
“land leases” or “land tenancies” includes sub-leases, sub-tenancies and tenancies-at-will, but shall not include leases, agreements or tenancies for any building, structure or dwelling, whether used for residential, commercial, industrial or for tourism purposes, and shall not include any leases, agreements or tenancies for any fixture, equipment, plant or fittings on any land; and “land lessees” or “land tenants” includes sub-lessees, sub-tenants or tenantsat-will of land leases or land tenancies. (Sec. 29) - iTaukei(1) Na qele ni iTaukei mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(2) Ke dua na qele ni iTaukei e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(3) Na qele ni Rotuma mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(4) Ke dua na qele ni Rotuma e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(5) Na qele kece era oka me qele voli vakadua ni bera na taurivaki ni Yavunivakavulewa qo me na oka tiko ga vaka qele volivakadua, vakavo kevaka e volitaki vua na Matanitu se taura na Matanitu ena inaki raraba me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(6) Ena vuku ni tikina qo—
“qele lisitaki” se “qele saumi” oka kina na lisitiki ni qele lisitaki kei na lisitiki ni qele saumi, ia e sega ni okati kina na lisi se veidinadinati ni vale, vale nibisinisi, vale nibuliyaya kei na vuku ni saravanua, ena sega ni oka kina na lisi se veidinadinati ni yaya tudei ni vale, na misini, se na gacagaca ni vale ena dua na tikiniqele; kei na“ira na saumi lisi” se “ira na saumi qele” e wili kina ira na saumi lisitiki, se na yalovinaka ni taukei ni qele me toso na lisi. (Sec. 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThrough special programs and adequate legislation, the State will provide state lands to the indigenous communities who may need them for their development. (Art. 68)
- SpanishMediante programas especiales y legislación adecuada, el Estado proveerá de tierras estatales a las comunidades indígenas que las necesiten para su desarrollo. (Art. 68)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(5) All offspring shall have the equal right to the ancestral property without discrimination on the ground of gender. (Art. 18) - Nepali…
(५) पैतृक सम्पत्तिमा लैंगिक भेदभाव विना सबै सन्तानको समान हक हुनेछ । (धारा १८)