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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Judicial Protection
Grenada
- English(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 (inclusive)4 of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction-
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section; and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section and may make such declarations or orders, issue such writs and give such direction as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of section 2 to 15 (inclusive) of this Constitution:
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal, the High Court or a court martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of section 2 to 15 (inclusive) of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so request, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinions, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council.
(5) Parliament may confer upon the High Court such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may appear to be necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling that court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 16)
Judicial Protection
Uzbekistan
- EnglishEveryone shall be entitled to legally defend their rights and freedoms, and shall have the right to appeal any unlawful action of state bodies, officials and public associations. (Art. 44)
- UzbekHar bir shaxsga o‘z huquq va erkinliklarini sud orqali himoya qilish, davlat organlari, mansabdor shaxslar, jamoat birlashmalarining g‘ayriqonuniy xatti-harakatlari ustidan sudga shikoyat qilish huquqi kafolatlanadi. (44-modda)
Judicial Protection
Eswatini
- English…(2) The fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in this Chapter6 shall be respected and upheld by the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary and other organs or agencies of Government and, where applicable to them, by all natural and legal persons in Eswatini, and shall be enforceable by the courts as provided in this Constitution.… (Sec. 14)
Judicial Protection
Mexico
- EnglishThe Tribunals of the Federation will resolve any dispute that arises[:]
I. From general norms, acts or omissions of the authority that violates the human rights and the guarantees granted for their protection by this Constitution, as well as from the international treaties to which the Mexican State is party;
... (Art. 103) - SpanishLos Tribunales de la Federación resolverán toda controversia que se suscite
I. Por normas generales, actos u omisiones de la autoridad que violen los derechos humanos reconocidos y las garantías otorgadas para su protección por esta Constitución, así como por los tratados internacionales de los que el Estado Mexicano sea parte;
... (Art. 103)
Judicial Protection
Croatia
- EnglishIndividual acts of state administration and bodies vested with public authority shall be grounded in law.
Judicial review of individual acts made by administrative authorities and other bodies vested with public authority shall be guaranteed. (Art. 19) - CroatianPojedinačni akti državne uprave i tijela koja imaju javne ovlasti moraju biti utemeljeni na zakonu.
Zajamčuje se sudska kontrola zakonitosti pojedinačnih akata upravnih vlasti i tijela koja imaju javne ovlasti. (Članak 19)
Judicial Protection
Kenya
- English...
(3) In applying a provision of the Bill of Rights, a court shall—
(a) develop the law to the extent that it does not give effect to a right or fundamental freedom; and
(b) adopt the interpretation that most favours the enforcement of a right or fundamental freedom.
(4) In interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or other authority shall promote—
(a) the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality, equity and freedom; and
(b) the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights.
(5) In applying any right under Article 43, if the State claims that it does not have the resources to implement the right, a court, tribunal or other authority shall be guided by the following principles—
(a) it is the responsibility of the State to show that the resources are not available;
(b) in allocating resources, the State shall give priority to ensuring the widest possible enjoyment of the right or fundamental freedom having regard to prevailing circumstances, including the vulnerability of particular groups or individuals; and
(c) the court, tribunal or other authority may not interfere with a decision by a State organ concerning the allocation of available resources, solely on the basis that it would have reached a different conclusion. (Art. 20) - Swahili...
(3) Katika kutumia Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu, mahakama—
(a) itaidadafua sheria kwa kiwango ambacho hakitoi taathira kwenye haki au uhuru wa msingi; na
(b) itatumia tafsiri ambayo inaimarisha zaidi haki au uhuru wa msingi.
(4) Katika kufasiri Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu, mahakama, baraza au mamlaka nyingineyo itaimarisha—
(a) tunu ambazo zinajenga jamii ya wazi na ya kidemokrasia kwa msingi wa utu wa binadamu, usawa, haki na uhuru; na
(b) kusudi, dhamira na, malengo ya Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu.
(5) Katika kutumia haki yoyote chini ya Kifungu cha 43, ikiwa Serikali inadai kuwa haina rasilimali ya kutekeleza haki hiyo, mahakama, baraza au mamlaka nyingineyo itaongozwa na kanuni zifuatazo—
(a) ni jukumu la Serikali kuonyesha kwamba hakuna rasilimali;
(b) katika kugawanya rasilimali, Serikali itatoa kipaumbele katika kuhakikisha kuna unufaikaji mkubwa kadri iwezekanavyo wa haki na uhuru wa msingi baada ya kuzingatia mazingira yaliyopo, ikiwa ni pamoja na mazingira hatarishi ya makundi au watu fulani; na
(c) mahakama, baraza au mamlaka nyingineyo haitaweza kuingilia maamuzi yaliyotolewa na chombo cha Serikali kuhusu mgawanyo wa rasilimali zilizopo, kwa msingi tu kwamba kungekuwa na hitimisho tofauti. (Kifungu cha 20)
Judicial Protection
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- EnglishSubject to section 36, an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases:
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 18 (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms);
… (Sec. 98)
Judicial Protection
Latvia
- EnglishEveryone has the right to defend his or her rights and lawful interests in a fair court.
…
Everyone, where his or her rights are violated without basis, has a right to commensurate compensation.
… (Art. 92) - LatvianIkviens var aizstāvēt savas tiesības un likumiskās intereses taisnīgā tiesā.
…
Nepamatota tiesību aizskāruma gadījumā ikvienam ir tiesības uz atbilstīgu atlīdzinājumu.
… (Art. 92)
Judicial Protection
Morocco
- EnglishThe judge is in charge of the protection of the rights and freedoms and of the judicial security of the persons and of the groups, as well as of the application of the law. (Art. 117)
- Arabicيتولّى القاضي حماية حقوق الأشخاص والجماعات وحرّياتهم وأمنهم القضائيّ، وتطبيق القانون. (الفصل 117)
Judicial Protection
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishEveryone has the right, on the terms established by the human rights treaties, pacts and conventions ratified by the Republic, to address petitions and complaints to the intentional organs created for such purpose, in order to ask for protection of his or her human rights.
The State shall adopt, in accordance with the procedures established under this Constitution and by the law, such measures as may be necessary to enforce the decisions emanating from international organs as provided for under this article. (Art. 31) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho, en los términos establecidos por los tratados, pactos y convenciones sobre derechos humanos ratificados por la República, a dirigir peticiones o quejas ante los órganos internacionales creados para tales fines, con el objeto de solicitar el amparo a sus derechos humanos.
El Estado adoptará, conforme a procedimientos establecidos en esta Constitución y la ley, las medidas que sean necesarias para dar cumplimiento a las decisiones emanadas de los órganos internacionales previstos en este artículo. (Art. 31)