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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Jurisdiction and Access
Poland
- EnglishAny court may refer a question of law to the Constitutional Tribunal as to the conformity of a normative act to the Constitution, ratified international agreements or statute, if the answer to such question of law will determine an issue currently before such court. (Art. 193)
- PolishKażdy sąd może przedstawić Trybunałowi Konstytucyjnemu pytanie prawne co do zgodności aktu normatywnego z Konstytucją, ratyfikowanymi umowami międzynarodowymi lub ustawą, jeżeli od odpowiedzi na pytanie prawne zależy rozstrzygnięcie sprawy toczącej się przed sądem. (Art. 193)
Jurisdiction and Access
Namibia
- English...
(2) The Supreme Court shall be presided over by the Chief Justice and shall hear and adjudicate upon appeals emanating from the High Court, including appeals which involve the interpretation, implementation and upholding of this Constitution and the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed thereunder. The Supreme Court shall also deal with matters referred to it for decision by the Attorney-General under this Constitution, and with such other matters as may be authorised by Act of Parliament.
...
(4) The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court with regard to appeals shall be determined by Act of Parliament. (Art. 79)
Jurisdiction and Access
Saint Lucia
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sections 22(2), 37(6), 41(11), 58(7), 117(8), 121(3) and 124(10), any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I3 thereof) has been or is being contravened may, if he or she has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
(2) The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I thereof) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
(3) Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under any law in proceedings in the High Court.
(4) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the Court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
(5) A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him or her is such as to affect his or her interests.
(6) The right conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any other law.
(7) Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 39. (Sec. 105)
Jurisdiction and Access
Korea, Republic of
- English1. When the constitutionality of a law is at issue in a trial, the court shall request a decision of the Constitutional Court, and shall judge according to the decision thereof.
2. The Supreme Court shall have the power to make a final review of the constitutionality or legality of administrative decrees, regulations or actions, when their constitutionality or legality is at issue in a trial.
… (Art. 107) - Korean①법률이 헌법에 위반되는 여부가 재판의 전제가 된 경우에는 법원은 헌법재판소에 제청하여 그 심판에 의하여 재판한다.
②명령·규칙 또는 처분이 헌법이나 법률에 위반되는 여부가 재판의 전제가 된 경우에는 대법원은 이를 최종적으로 심사할 권한을 가진다.
… (제107조)
Jurisdiction and Access
Serbia
- EnglishA constitutional appeal may be lodged against individual general acts or actions performed by state bodies or organizations exercising delegated public powers which violate or deny human or minority rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, if other legal remedies for their protection have already been applied or not specified. (Art. 170)
- Serbian CyrillicУставна жалба се може изјавити против појединачних аката или радњи државних органа или организација којима су поверена јавна овлашћења, а којима се повређују или ускраћују људска или мањинска права и слободе зајемчене Уставом, ако су исцрпљена или нису предвиђена друга правна средства за њихову заштиту. (Члан 170)
Jurisdiction and Access
Sao Tome and Principe
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall be the court with jurisdiction specifically over the administration of justice in matters of a legal and constitutional nature.
… (Art. 131) - Portuguese1. O Tribunal Constitucional é o tribunal ao qual compete especificamente administrar a justiça em matérias de natureza jurídico-constitucional.
… (Art. 131)
Jurisdiction and Access
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishAll of the judges of the Republic, within their respective spheres of competence and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and law, are obligated to ensure the integrity of the Constitution.
In the event of incompatibility between the Constitution and a law or other juridical provision, the provisions of the Constitution shall prevail, being the responsibility of the courts to rule accordingly in any case, even ex officio.
The Constitutional Division of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, as court of constitutional competence, shall have the exclusive power to declare the nullity of laws and other acts of organs exercising Public Power which are issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution or have the status of law. (Art. 334) - SpanishTodos los jueces o juezas de la República, en el ámbito de sus competencias y conforme a lo previsto en esta Constitución y en la ley, están en la obligación de asegurar la integridad de esta Constitución.
En caso de incompatibilidad entre esta Constitución y una ley u otra norma jurídica, se aplicarán las disposiciones constitucionales, correspondiendo a los tribunales en cualquier causa, aún de oficio, decidir lo conducente.
Corresponde exclusivamente a la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia como jurisdicción constitucional, declarar la nulidad de las leyes y demás actos de los órganos que ejercen el Poder Público dictados en ejecución directa e inmediata de la Constitución o que tengan rango de ley, cuando colidan con aquella. (Art. 334)
Jurisdiction and Access
Myanmar
- EnglishIn hearing a case by a Court, if there arises a dispute whether the provisions contained in any law contradict or conform to the Constitution, and if no resolution has been made by the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union on the said dispute, the said Court shall stay the trial and submit its opinion to the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union in accord with the prescribed procedures and shall obtain a resolution. In respect of the said dispute, the resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be applied to all cases. (Sec. 323)
- Burmeseတရားရုံးတစ်ရုံးသည် အမှုတစ်မှုကို စစ်ဆေးစီရင်ရာတွင် ဥပဒေတစ်ရပ်ရပ်ပါ ပြဌာန်းချက်သည် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေနှင့် ဆန့်ကျင်မှုရှိ- မရှိ၊ ညီညွတ်မှုရှိ- မရှိ အငြင်းပွားမှုပေါ်ပေါက်ပါက ထိုအငြင်းပွားမှုနှင့် စပ်လျဉ်း၍ နိုင်ငံတော်ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ အခြေခံ ဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာခုံရုံးကလည်း တစ်စုံတစ်ရာ ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက် ချမှတ်ထားခြင်းမရှိသေးလျှင် အဆိုပါ တရားရုံးသည် အမှုစစ်ဆေးစီရင်ခြင်းကို ရပ်ဆိုင်းထားပြီး မိမိ၏ထင်မြင်ချက်ကို သတ်မှတ်ထားသည့် နည်းလမ်းများနှင့်အညီ နိုင်ငံတော်ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ အခြေခံဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာ ခုံရုံးသို့တင်ပြ၍ အဆုံးအဖြတ်ရယူရမည်။ ယင်းအငြင်းမပွားမှုနှင့်စပ်လျဉ်း၍ နိုင်ငံတော်ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာခုံရုံး၏ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်သည် အမှုအားလုံးနှင့် သက်ဆိုင်စေရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၂၃)
Jurisdiction and Access
Switzerland
- English1 Access to the Federal Supreme Court is guaranteed by law.
2 For disputes that do not relate to a legal issue of fundamental importance, the law may stipulate a threshold for the amount in dispute.
3 The law may exclude access to the Federal Supreme Court in relation to specific matters.
4 The law may provide for a simplified procedure for appeals that are manifestly unfounded. (Art. 191) - French1 La loi garantit l’accès au Tribunal fédéral.
2 Elle peut prévoir une valeur litigieuse minimale pour les contestations qui ne portent pas sur une question juridique de principe.
3 Elle peut exclure l’accès au Tribunal fédéral dans des domaines déterminés.
4 Elle peut prévoir une procédure simplifiée pour les recours manifestement infondés. (Art. 191) - German1 Das Gesetz gewährleistet den Zugang zum Bundesgericht.
2 Für Streitigkeiten, die keine Rechtsfrage von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung betreffen, kann es eine Streitwertgrenze vorsehen.
3 Für bestimmte Sachgebiete kann das Gesetz den Zugang zum Bundesgericht ausschliessen.
4 Für offensichtlich unbegründete Beschwerden kann das Gesetz ein vereinfachtes Verfahren vorsehen. (Art. 191) - Italian1 La legge garantisce la possibilità di adire il Tribunale federale.
2 Può prevedere un valore litigioso minimo per le controversie che non concernono una questione giuridica d’importanza fondamentale.
3 In determinati settori speciali, la legge può escludere la possibilità di adire il Tribunale federale.
4 La legge può prevedere una procedura semplificata per ricorsi manifestamente infondati. (Art. 191)
Jurisdiction and Access
Somalia
- English(1) The Constitutional Court shall have the following exclusive powers:
(a) Upon request from a member of the Council of Ministers, a committee from either one of the Houses, or ten members of either House of the Federal Parliament, to review draft legislation, and determine its compatibility with the Constitution;
(b) To hear and decide cases as stipulated in Article 86 concerning challenges to the constitutionality of a law passed by the Federal Parliament;
(c) To hear and decide on cases that have been submitted to the Constitutional court resulting from matters stated in Article 109 (2) (c), concerning matters of interpretation of the Constitution not arising out of Court litigation;
(d) To resolve any disputes between the Federal Government and the Federal Member State governments, or among the Federal Member State governments;
(e) To hear and decide cases arising out of disputes between organs of the Federal Government, concerning their respective constitutional powers and duties;
(f) To hear and decide cases arising in terms of Article 92 concerning the impeachment trials of the President.
… (Art. 109C) - Somali(1) Maxkamadda Dastuurku waay yeelaneysaa awoodahan u garrka ah:
(a) Marka uu codsi ka yimaaddo Xubin ka Mid ah Golaha Wasiirada, Guddi ka tirsan aqalada Baarlamaanka midkood, ama toban Xubnood oo ka mid ah Aqalada midkood,in ay Maxkamaddu qiimeyso qoraalka sharci la sameynayo, ayna go’aansato in sharcigaasi waafaqsan yahay Dastuurka;
(b) In Maxkamaddu dhegeysato go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad Qodobka 86aad,oo la xidhiidha muran ka dhashay sida xeer uu u waafaqsan yahay dastuurka;
(c) In maxkamaddu dhegeysato, go’aanna ka gaadho kiis ka soo unkamay sida ku cad faqradda Qodobeedka 109(2)(c) kaasoo khuseeya in dhinac uu hor keenay maxkamad dood kiis macquul ah, kiiskaana loo gudbiyay Maxkamadda Dastuurka si ay go’aan uga gaadho.)
(d) In ay go’aamiso khilaafyada u dhexeeya dawladda federaalka ah iyo dawlad goboleedyada xubinta ka ah dawladda federaalka ah iyo Dawlad goboleedyada federaalka dhexdooda.
(e) In ay dhegeysato, go’aana ka gaadho Khilaafyada ka dhexeeya waaxaha Dawladda federaalka ah ee la xidhiidha awoodaha dastuuriga ah iyo waajibaadka ay kala leeyihiin; iyo
(f) In ay dhegesato, go’aana ka gaadho Marka la eego Qodobka 92aad (oo la xidhiidha kiisaska denbiyada dastuur ee Madaxweynaha lagu soo oogo ee xil ka qaadista keeni kara
… (Qodobka 109C.)